Development of PVC stabilizer

 PVC water pipe product features a high-impact , high toughness and impact resistance compared with the same specifications of the ordinary PVC-U pipes, impact resistance increased significantly, to more effectively resist point loads and uneven ground subsidence . 2, anti- water hammer can effectively improve the ability to resist water hammer , to prevent WSD aluminium stearate  damage to the pipeline in the operation process . 3 , resistance to environmental cracking performance improvement , installation and effective against external shocks during transportation of the pipe. 4 , strong chemical resistance tubing with a strong chemical resistance and can be used with any applicable to ordinary PVC-U pipes occasions. 5 , the cost is lower than the PE pipe, and because the pipe wall thickness than the thin PVC-U , PVC-U and considerable cost , superior performance , has promotional value , there is instead of PVC-U, the development trend of PE pipe .
Because of high impact PVC water pipe system, the viscosity is large, high stability and workability requirements , most  WSD Metallic stearate manufacturers use imported organic tin stabilizers and calcium zinc stabilizers. Initial coloring and stability of organotin stabilizers better, but since most manufacturers also produce leaded pipes and tubes , mixing systems and broken material difficult to handle , and the ingredients, the smell is relatively large , limiting the use of organic tin ; the cost of imported calcium and zinc is relatively high, for the comprehensive promotion of high impact PVC water pipe disadvantage. Therefore, strengthening the development of high impact PVC water pipe into the domestic calcium zinc stabilizers calcium zinc stabilizers domestic industry important topics and tasks.
   Second, the real one , identify the major raw materials and formulations
 A, PVC resin using the K value 66-68 PVC powder , PVC-U pipes and resin used in the same B, titanium dioxide and color pigments adjusted according to the requirements of pipe , titanium dioxide rutile titanium dioxide to use in order to improve weatherability pipe sex . C, the modifier is optional rigid inorganic ultrafine inorganic rigid material , special WSD stearic acid  surface active agent, a dispersing agent processing , so that the inorganic material can be uniformly coated on the surface of the PVC molecules , when the external force , the inorganic particles and between the resin matrix to produce crazing , can absorb impact energy , and thus the choice of rigid inorganic modifiers to reduce costs , while improving the pipe rigidity and toughness , so as to achieve " just tough balance" ; but when inorganic modifier added to after a certain amount of impact resistance PVC water pipe and high impact resistant hydraulic performance will decline , D, calcium and zinc composite stabilizer is calcium stearate, zinc stearate as the main metal soaps , combined polyol , Β- diketones, phosphite antioxidants and other auxiliary stabilizer and lubricant made ​​of a class of complex optimization of non-toxic environmentally friendly stabilizer, has good early color and long-term thermal stability ; PVC material can be appropriately increased toughness ; efficient with internal lubricant and external lubricant esters , etc., while the adsorption of the stabilizer itself , the production process can reduce the precipitation of the growth cycle E, the impact modifier is a compound for the supply of high-impact PVC tube designed to improve the impact modifier preferably has a PVC material , which is made ​​of a rubber elastic body is a synergistic effect , predetermined elastomers, elastomers and non- promoting agents predetermined composition . Impact modifier different toughening mechanism is different, and the compatibility of PVC resin are different , so by promoting agent may be different between the elastomer fine particles isolated from each other , preventing agglomeration , to promote the dispersion of PVC matrix and compatibility uniformly dispersed in the resin matrix , promoting toughening effect.

Heat stabilizer is mainly used for PVC and other chlorinated polymers

PVC is mainly used for PVC heat stabilizers and other chlorinated

polymers. PVC has been found only in the plastic molding process to above

160 ℃, while it is in the 120 ~ 130 ℃ thermal decomposition begins,

releasing HCl gas, HCl is generated if it does not inhibit the

decomposition will further exacerbate this problem has been plagued The

main problem of development and application of PVC plastic.
The study found that if the amount of PVC-containing plastics, such as

lead salts, metal soaps, phenols, aromatic amines and other impurities,

which will not affect the processing and application, but also to some

extent, delaying the thermal decomposition effect. The above problem can

be solved, thus contributing to the establishment of research in the field

of heat stabilizers and continue to develop. PVC heat stabilizer is

polyvinyl chloride (PVC) processing essential additives. With concern for

human health and ecological environment growing, countries have

promulgated a series of laws and decrees, and take various measures to

limit the use of heavy metal heat stabilizers containing lead, cadmium and

other. Outside the industry generally believe, PVC heat stabilizers

environmental protection has become the development trend will not be

reversed. In recent years, the process of environmental protection PVC

heat stabilizers, instead of the traditional WSD Plastic impact modifier  lead, cadmium heat

stabilizer, research and development of non-toxic, non-polluting, complex,

and efficient heat stabilizers has been more widely appreciated, its

synthesis and applied research made a lot of  WSD stearic acid new progress.
With the implementation of the people's awareness of environmental

protection regulations and decrees, PVC heat stabilizers to be non-toxic

and environmentally friendly direction of the trend. Our heat stabilizer

industry should conform to this trend and accelerate the pace of

structural adjustment, increase calcium zinc stabilizers, organic

stabilizer environmental products research and WSD Metallic stearate  development efforts,

emphasis on research auxiliary heat stabilizers and heat stabilizers

complex system, and promote China environmental process PVC heat

stabilizers.

Describes the advantages and disadvantages of plasticizer intermittent production

In continuous production , the esterification reactor can be divided into a tower reactor and stepped reactors in series two categories. When using the optional tower acidic esterification catalyst is more reasonable ; When using non-acidic catalyst or without a catalyst , the Calcium stearate  reaction mixture was due to stay longer , so the use of a stepped tandem reactors more appropriate.
Advantages: 1 ) less investment, quick construction 2 ) easy to switch products , produces a variety of plasticizers
3) The technology is simple, easy to meet the quality of personnel shortcomings : 1 ) large fluctuations in product quality , less stable
2) The technology behind the labor intensity 3 ) high energy and material consumption
Intermittent production is suitable for small-scale production of a variety of plasticizers , less investment and quick . Continuous production process
Since the DOP, DBP plasticizer in great demand , and therefore DOP, DBP -based continuous production process has been widely used , currently China's largest DOP -line production capacity of 50,000 tons / year, the largest single-line production capacity of 2 DBP tons / year. In continuous production , the esterification reactor can be divided into a tower reactor and stepped reactors in series two categories. When using the optional tower acidic esterification catalyst is more reasonable ; When using non-acidic catalyst or without a catalyst , the reaction mixture was Chrolinated polyethylene  due to stay longer , so the use of a stepped tandem reactors more appropriate. Plasticizer phthalate plasticizers largest amount , about 80% plasticizer production, mainly in the country such plasticizer dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and phthalic dibutyl (DBP) based.
( 1 ) and the resin has good compatibility ; high ( 2 ) plasticizing efficiency ; ( 3 ) of the thermo-optical stability ; ( 4 ) low volatility ; ( 5 ) migration of small ; ( 6 ) water , oils and organic solvents extraction ; ( 7 ) good low temperature flexibility ; ( 8 ) flame retardant ; ( 9 ) electrical insulation ; ( 10 ) is colorless, odorless , non-toxic ; ( 11 ) anti- fungal good ; ( 12 ) anti- pollution good ; ( 13 ) plastisol viscosity stability ; ( 14 ) cheap.
Plasticizer phthalate plasticizers largest Titanium dioxide rutile  amount , about 80% plasticizer production, mainly in the country such plasticizer dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and phthalic dibutyl (DBP) based. Due to limitations of the source material alcohol , heptyl phthalate (DHP), di-iso -decyl phthalate (DIDP), di-iso -octyl phthalate (DIOP) , excellent performance varieties, production is not large .
Production DBP five continuous esterification process , and, dealcoholization , bleaching, filtering operations are continuous .

What is the trend stabilizer

Types and tend to be stable and stabilizing agent for a wide variety of different combinations , in order to better understand its performance and features , must be classified . In several existing classification methods, the most obvious is to be classified according to their chemical composition , followed by its thermal stability, light stability , electrical properties and a hard or soft transparent or opaque article , toxic or non-toxic , and so on various occasions classification. Now titanium dioxide rutile  the main types of stabilizers are as follows : 1 , lead-based stabilizers lead-based stabilizers due to low prices , good stabilizing effect , and therefore is the most widely used stabilizer , which is characterized by : ① electric superior performance, a large number of used in manufacturing insulation products ; ② HCI reaction due to the formation and stability , suitable for the manufacture of transparent articles ; ③ small water absorption, suitable for use in humid environments , because it is toxic and therefore not suitable for low or non-toxic products, In addition, it has the effect of sulfide contamination . Lead stabilizers are the following: ( 1 ) tribasic lead sulfate (3PbO · PbSO4 · H2O): is the maximum amount of use of a stabilizer , for HCl absorption force, shading good , so resistance weather is good, the most suitable for soft and hard in the extrusion process also applies to products with high electrical performance requirements . ( 2 ) Dibasic lead phosphite (2PbO · PbHPO3 · 1/2H2O): It is slightly lower than the absorption of HCl tribasic lead sulfate , but it is heat-resistant , good anti- light performance, UV light has shielding effect, and has antioxidant properties , are particularly useful in the paste PVC , but more than 300 ° C, the article is easy to produce bubbles, it is not appropriate for the processing of high temperature applications. It is used with the appropriate lubricant and good initial stability . ( 3 ) white lead [ Dibasic lead carbonate , 2PbCO3 · Pb (OH) 2]: It is also well- HCl absorber , various properties are good mainly for general soft rolled products , the cable sheath , but not suitable for use in high temperature or longer processing times of the occasion, because the gas leaving it prone to foaming products . ( 4 ) Dibasic acid Lead: good heat resistance , suitable for heat-resistant products , but because  black iron oxide it has the acid group, therefore when used phthalate ester plasticizers , good compatibility , light stability is also good , currently mostly used in high-temperature products . Further, in the production of PVC foam products with the azo dimethylamine , good foamability . ( 5 ) Dibasic Lead Stearate : such stabilizers will not melt at normal operating temperatures , good lubricity , it is generally not as easy to bloom soaps , generally regular and tribasic lead sulfate or dibasic lead phosphite and use, its heat resistance, electrical insulation is good, dibasic lead stearate and lead stearate and use, when appropriate proportion of time to get closer to transparent products. ( 6 ) lead stearate : good thermal stability , the ability to inhibit the initial color , widely used in extrusion, calendering and molded articles . It has good lubricating properties, but plasticizing poor performance, thus limiting its use proportion ( generally the amount of 0.5 to 1.0 parts ) in the recipe . ( 7 ) co-precipitated silica lead silicate : This stabilizer at high temperatures and for a long time , have a good  organic pigments thermal stability , light stability , can be used for spare parts or heat-resistant transparent cable . Its disadvantage is hygroscopic and poor dispersion , care must be taken when using . ( 8 ) tribasic lead maleate : This is a very good heat and light stabilizers , ultraviolet shielding properties, can also get translucent products. The use of chlorine or chlorinated polyvinyl chloride plasticizer occasions , adding tribasic lead maleate , you have better stability.

hard polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) of the injection molding process some of the detailed analysis

UPVC known as hard PVC, vinyl chloride monomer which is formed by the polymerization reaction of amorphous thermoplastic resin and certain additives (such as stabilizers, lubricants, fillers, etc.). pvc called hard pvc, vinyl chloride monomer which is formed by the polymerization reaction of amorphous thermoplastic resin and PVC stabilizer for cable  certain additives (eg stabilizers, lubricants, fillers, etc.). In addition to the additive, but also other resins used for blending with the modified approach
upvc called hard pvc, vinyl chloride monomer which is formed by the polymerization reaction of amorphous thermoplastic resin and certain additives (such as stabilizers, lubricants, fillers, etc.).
In addition to the additive, but also other resins used for blending with the modified approach, it has obvious practical value. These resins are cpvc, pe, abs, eva, mbs like.
upvc high melt viscosity, poor mobility, even when the injection pressure and melt temperature fluidity will not change much. In addition, the resin molding temperature and thermal decomposition temperature are very close to the temperature for forming a very narrow range, is a hard molded material.
1, plastic processing
After 24 hours at room temperature, water less than 0.02%, and therefore without drying. If must be dry, can be placed in 60-70 ℃ hot air oven for 3 hours or 80 ℃ 1-1.5 hours in a dryer.
Up to 20% recycled material and new material mixed, the amount of recycled material depends on the end use of the product. Abuse of recycled material injection can fail, not only the composition of recovered much more is due to the material after repeated re-processing. Every once more recycled material decline in the quality recycling more.
2, injection molding machine selection
upvc Since the melt viscosity, easy PVC heat stabilizer for fittings  to decompose, decomposition products have a corrosive effect on iron, which must be dedicated to the plastics injection molding components and temperature control system.
Ramada products covered in each of the clamping force model, has specialized upvc plastics injection system, and with upvc pipe fittings Pulling requirements with a dedicated security gate devices. Under normal circumstances as long as the injection volume to meet the weight requirements, the choice of this series of injection molding device can be molded upvc high-quality products.
3, mold and gate design
Mold temperature can be set to 40 ℃. Flow channel length should be short, will have a large diameter to reduce the pressure loss and the holding pressure can be passed into the mold cavity. Gate as short as possible, cutting surface to be circular, the diameter of the smallest nozzle orifice 6mm,, into a conical angles to 5 °.
Sprue cutting surfaces have circular, with a combination of cold slug well by connecting section sprue and gate radius, diameter of 7mm.
Gate application tangentially connecting radius of the surface shape plastic parts, the shorter the better, cutting surface to be smooth.
Cold slug well to prevent semi-solidified material into the mold cavity, its importance is often overlooked.
Position of the gate to the right, so that the material in the stream flowing smoothly trail, will not stay in sharp corners, debris and metal traces in order to avoid compression or decompression situation, should maintain smooth flow smoothly.
Application of stainless steel casting mold, chromium content of at least 13%, preferably 16%, at least 55 Rockwell hardness, hard chrome-plated steel mold can be processed to form a protective effect.
After production, the application of a mild lye carefully cleaned and then sprayed mold surface quality oil spray or siliceous spray.
4, the melt temperature
Measure of available air-launched by 185-205 ℃ range. Smoothness of the material from the injection can know the exact upvc melt temperature. If the material in the injection after the rough, as evidenced by the material is not homogeneous (plastics insufficient), which means that the temperature set too low; eg, injection newcomer bubble and smoke  low molecular polyethylene a lot of smoke, it means the temperature is too high.
5, the injection speed
Slower rate of fire, or cause excessive shear degradation of materials, the use of upvc produce extremely smooth, thick-walled products should be used multi-stage injection mold filling speed.
6, the screw speed
Should match the molding cycle may be. Screw face velocity shall not exceed 0.15-0.2m / s
7, the back pressure
Up to 150bar, the lower the better, common to 5bar.
8, the retention time
At a temperature of 200 ℃, barrel residence time can not exceed five minutes. When the temperature is 210 ℃, cylinder residence time should not exceed 3 minutes.

Most of the white pigment titanium dioxide

Titanium dioxide as a decoration materials, one of its features is the ability to reach a very white effect, it should be said that this is the world's most white titanium dioxide it. In the decoration of the  titanium dioxide  house when we want to make the wall more than a somewhat pale and clean and do, then you can achieve this effect of titanium dioxide, the most white pigment titanium dioxide white against its eternal has occupied the market, we work together look in the end what is the situation right.
Titanium dioxide is considered the best in  yellow iron oxide the world a white pigment widely used in paints, plastics, paper, printing ink, chemical fiber, rubber, cosmetics and other industries performance.
Rutile titanium dioxide, mainly consumed in the paint industry. And titanium dioxide paint, colorful, high hiding power, tinting strength, dosage province, species, stable media can play a protective role, and can improve the strength and adhesion of the film to prevent cracking, prevent UV and moisture permeability However, to extend membrane life. Or plastic processing aid  advanced titanium dioxide pigment ink is required. Solid ink containing titanium dioxide does not change color, surface wettability is easily dispersed. Ink industry has been using rutile titanium dioxide anatase.
There are many domestic manufacturers of titanium dioxide, Lanke Chemical Co., Ltd. Langfang, the use of advanced production technology and equipment 20,000 tons / year of titanium dioxide sulphate process of creation. Rutile Phase II expansion project currently underway is to expand production capacity to 50,000 tons.

Titanium dioxide rutile titanium dioxide with the use of

Titanium dioxide ( titania ) chemically stable in general not react with most materials . In nature , there are three crystalline titanium dioxide : titanium plate , titanium dioxide anatase and rutile titanium dioxide . Titanium plate crystal form is unstable , no industrial use value, anatase titanium dioxide (Anatase) referred to as A -type , and plastic additive  rutile titanium dioxide (Rutile) referred to as R-type , have a stable crystal lattice , it is important white pigments and porcelain glaze , compared with other white pigments have superior whiteness, color strength, hiding power, weatherability, heat resistance , and chemical stability, especially not toxic.
Coatings industry is the largest user of titanium dioxide , especially rutile titanium dioxide , mostly consumed by the paint industry . Manufactured with titanium dioxide paint , colorful, high hiding power , tinting strength , dosage province , variety, stability of the media can play a protective role , and can enhance the mechanical strength and adhesion of the film to prevent cracks, prevent UV and moisture through , extend film life.
Plastics industry is the second largest user of titanium dioxide added in plastics , plastic products can improve the heat resistance , light resistance , weather resistance, the physical  Metallic stearate and chemical properties of plastic products to improve and enhance products, mechanical strength, prolong life.
The paper industry is the third  Zinc stearate largest user of titanium dioxide as filler paper , mainly used in fine paper and the paper thin . In the paper by adding titanium dioxide , can make the paper has good whiteness, gloss , high strength , thin and smooth , printing does not penetrate , quality of light. Papermaking general use without a surface treatment of titanium dioxide anatase titanium dioxide, can play the role of optical brighteners , increasing whiteness of the paper . But requires the use of laminated paper surface treated rutile type titanium dioxide , in order to meet light and heat requirements. Or advanced ink titanium white pigment is indispensable . Durable ink containing titanium dioxide does not change color , surface wettability , easy to disperse . Ink industry has used titanium dioxide rutile , anatase have . Textile and chemical fiber industry is another important application of titanium dioxide . Chemical fiber titanium dioxide is mainly used as a matting agent . Since anatase type soft than gold, red , general use anatase . Fiber surface with titanium dioxide generally do not need treatment, but some special varieties in order to reduce photochemical effect of titanium dioxide , titanium dioxide to avoid fibers degrade the photocatalytic effect , the need for surface treatment.

PVC PVC heat stabilizers affect the main reasons

PVC heat stabilizers of PVC to a certain extent affect the transparency . PVC heat stabilizers are also PVC additives can not be missing , so no PVC heat stabilizers for PVC will lose a lot  optical brightener of practical value. So people are constantly on the PVC heat stabilizers biochemical research . Here polyvinyl chloride PVC heat stabilizers affect the transparency of the three factors , and we do a study .
1 , the refractive index of stabilizers and heat stabilizers of PVC resin refractive index of 1.52 to 1.55 visible same or similar , then the better the transparency of PVC products , the lead stearate  transparency is low and vice versa .
2 , stabilizer molecules ( molecules ) of linear length
Heat stabilizer molecule ( or molecules ) linear length is less than 400 ~ 735nm wavelength of visible light refracting fewer higher degree of transparency , whereas less transparent .
3 , a heat stabilizer in PVC , " solubility ", ie compatibility
The so-called compatibility of two  PVC stabilizer for fittings or more substances refers to the mutual affinity when mixed . Good compatibility is possible to achieve dispersion of the molecular level . Thermal stabilizer in the molten state has good compatibility with PVC resin . Do not form a two -phase , that is no interface or the interface is not obvious, less refracted light , PVC products, higher transparency . Liquid stabilizer than the corresponding solid metal soap good compatibility in PVC , the linear molecule has a smaller length , and thus the higher the transparency of the PVC .

Impact modifiers and processing of the main function modifier

 Impact modifiers and processing modifier
( A ) impact modifiers and processing modifier function
1 , the performance of impact modifier
To improve the impact properties of plastic additives added for the purpose referred to as impact modifier . These additives can not only improve the impact strength of the resin , but also to improve the processability of the resin . Impact modifier is typically used in rigid PVC , but in polypropylene, polystyrene and modified plastics has universal application. Currently , rigid PVC impact modifier used mainly  plastic flame retardant some copolymer resin or a modified resin such as ABS, MBS, EVA, CPE , and thermoplastic rubber , thermoplastic elastomers , which are widely used as PVC, PE, PP, PS, AS, ABS, PMMA, PA, PC, PBT, PET and so on. Impact modifier may be added into a ductile plastic brittle plastics can be applied only in the normal temperature of the plastic into a plastic used at low temperatures , in addition , can effectively improve the processing properties of plastics .
Ideal resistance modifier should have the following properties:
① and modification of the substrate must have a good compatibility.
② modifier particle size, morphology medium a diameter of about 200nm is appropriate to protect the effect is a high impact strength .
③ modifier to lower the glass transition temperature is preferred.
④ impact modifier preferably has slightly crosslinked to improve the reinforcing effect .
⑤ modifier processing properties of the resin without prejudice to its apparent performance and physical and mechanical properties without adverse effects.
⑥ requires non-toxic, non-polluting and affordable.
2 , the processing performance modifier
Processing modifier for plastic processing performance is poor and development of a class of additives that are added to improve the polymer in the molten resin flow , and a thermal stability, heat distortion resistance and surface gloss of the material products . Currently, the processing modifier is mainly to improve the melt viscosity of PVC , improved flowability and processability.
Processing modifier primarily polymer, the application is more acrylic copolymer , such as methyl methacrylate / acrylic acid copolymer system (MMA / FA system ) , methyl methacrylate / butyl methacrylate acrylate / ethyl acrylate / methyl methacrylate copolymer systems (MMA / BMA / EA / EMA system ) , methyl methacrylate / ethyl acrylate / acrylonitrile copolymer system (MMA / EA / AN system ), etc. The amount of resin added is usually from 3% to 8%.
( Two ) impact modifiers and processing modifier classification and species
1 , impact modifiers and species classification
① acrylonitrile - butadiene - styrene copolymer (ABS): ABS resin is a graft copolymer of polybutadiene latex is added to the styrene and acrylonitrile monomers copolymerized . Impact modifier for PVC, ABS has a good effect, the toughening effect, while the tensile  Impact modifier for PVC strength and elongation decrease is small, the general amount of 10% to 20%. ABS resin due to the presence of unsaturated structures , weather is poor, so products should not be long-term outdoor use . ABS resin is less than the compatibility with PVC, MBS, the product transparency is not as good MBS copolymer ; such as a transparent ABS and PVC blends can obtain a transparent products. When the ABS dosage of 20% to 30 %, the impact strength with excellent results.
② methyl methacrylate - butadiene - styrene copolymer (MBS): MBS is to polybutadiene or butadiene - styrene emulsion , methyl methacrylate graft copolymerized . Adding MBS resin can improve the impact toughness of PVC , polyvinyl chloride increase the transparency , but poor aging resistance of MBS , MBS higher rubber content , the higher the impact toughness . MBS added amount is generally 10% to 17 % is appropriate, more than 30 % of the brittle failure occurs .
③ chlorinated polyethylene (CPE): chlorinated polyethylene of high density polyethylene (HDPE) chlorination , chlorine content is generally 30% to 45% , depending on the resin component , the chlorine content , the molecular structure and morphology different , showing a rigid plastic from the rubber elastic body in different state changes. Molecular weight of 1,000,000 or more CPE is not only good impact resistance , and excellent weather resistance , ABS and MBS overcome the shortcomings of poor weather . In addition , CPE chlorine in a great effect on the size of the modified , low chlorine content , its high crystallinity and poor toughness , high glass transition temperature , poor compatibility with PVC . Chlorine content is too high , CPE 's cohesion is stronger , but relatively poor dispersion . CPE in PVC dosage is generally 5% to 15%. CPE, cold resistance, chemical stability , flame resistance, oil resistance and electrical insulating properties are good .
④ ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA): EVA used as modifiers of PVC , the vinyl acetate content should be more than 40 ¥ . EVA good weather resistance, modified PVC products can be used outdoors, but the transparency and tensile strength have declined. The addition of EVA is generally 5% ~ 10%, EVA as the modifier , also be used in the  dibasic lead stearate modified polyolefins , to improve weatherability , cold resistance .
⑤ styrene - butadiene = styrene copolymer (SBS): used mainly to change HIPS, PP, PS toughening , cold and impact strength . Added amount is generally 5 % to 10 %, can greatly improve the low temperature impact toughness .
⑥ synthetic rubber and thermoplastic elastomer impact modifier : synthetic rubber and thermoplastic elastomers have excellent toughness, flexibility , high elasticity and excellent low temperature performance, itself has good impact resistance , good impact resistance is changed Xing agent.
POE is an ethylene / octene copolymers, as PE, PP, PA impact modifier to good effect in toughening the same time, to lower rigidity .
EPDM rubber (EPDM), has good flexibility, elasticity , tear resistance , acid and alkali , weather resistance and impact resistance.

metal soaps major concepts waterproofing agent

Metal soaps waterproofing agents known to avoid water slurry, based fatty acid soap , sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, etc. variety of organic compounds , inorganic complex composition, a  low molecular polyethylene waterproof , moisture , enhance and plasticization .
Metal soaps Appearance Milky white liquid waterproofing agent , a plasticizing effect, can reduce the water-cement ratio , after mixed with cement to form insoluble substances, the mortar filling small gap and clogging the capillary channel walls forming hydrophobic membrane , to improve cement mortar compactness and impermeability .
Second, the formulation and  acrylic processing production process
Recipe: stearic acid ( 4.10% ) , sodium carbonate ( 0.15% ) , potassium hydroxide ( 0.72% ) , ammonia ( 3.16% ) and water ( 91.87% ) .
Production process:
First, the acid heated to melt on the pot , and then 1/ 2 the amount of water in the other pot was heated to 50-60 ℃, followed by adding sodium carbonate and kept constant .
Good will melt slowly adding stearic acid and quickly stir, this time will produce a lot of bubbles , to prevent overflow. All will be half of stearic acid added slowly added to the  iron oxide red stirred water into soap .
When the soap is cooled to below 30 ℃ by adding a certain amount of ammonia stir, then use soap 0.6mm sieve sieve to remove blocks , granules and foam , the filtrate in a sealed plastic drum in a cool Department store .

organic pigments elaborated

Refers to a series of paint colors and other characteristics , a class made ​​up of organic pigments. Pigments features include Fast , resistance to flooding , acid and alkali resistance, organic solvents , heat , crystal stability, dispersion and hiding power . Organic pigments and dyes difference is that it is colored objects with no affinity  magnesium hydroxide flame retardant only by adhesive or film material will be attached to the surface of organic pigments , or mixed inside the object , the object colored. Intermediates required for its production , production equipment and synthetic dye production processes are similar, it is often the organic pigment in the dye industry to organize production. Organic pigments and inorganic pigments generally compared to typically have high tinting strength , easy to grind and disperse particles , not precipitation, colors are more vivid , but the Light, heat, weather and poor performance . Organic pigments commonly used in inks, paints, rubber products, plastic products , stationery and supplies and other materials coloring. Common varieties currently on the market are the following categories :
Molecular structure of azo pigments containing azo group (-N = N-) water-insoluble organic compounds in the organic pigment is most varieties and yield the largest category . Azo pigment is an aromatic or heteroaromatic amine obtained by diazotization of an aromatic diazo component and then with acetyl amine 2 - naphthol, pyrazolone 2 - hydroxy - 3 - naphthoic acid or 2 - hydroxy- -3 - naphthoyl aromatic amines by coupling a coupling component , to form water -insoluble precipitate , which is generally an azo pigment . The synthetic method and the same dyes , but the  plastic flame retardant latter is water soluble. Azo pigments generally used as orange, yellow and red pigments such as : Permanent Orange RN (CI Pigment Orange 5 ) , golden red (CI Pigment Red 21 ) , Benzidine Yellow G (CI Pigment Yellow 12 ) . To improve the light fastness , heat resistance, resistance to organic solvents and other pigment properties , by condensation of two molecules of an aromatic diamine as macromolecules . The pigment thus prepared is called macromolecules such as pigments or condensed azo pigments : macromolecules Orange 4R (CI Pigment Orange 31 ) , molecules of red R (CI Pigment Red 166 ) .
Lake water-soluble dye ( such as acid dyes , direct dyes , basic dyes, etc. ) generated by the action of a precipitating agent and a water-insoluble pigment . Its shade more brilliant , chromatography than the whole, low production costs, than the original water-soluble dyes high light fastness . Precipitant mainly inorganic salts, acids , carrier. Inorganic salt precipitate is barium , calcium chloride, manganese sulfate, water-soluble dyes  intenal lubricant as precipitating agent and the reaction of water-insoluble barium, calcium , manganese salts such as : Permanent Red F5R (CI Pigment Red 48 : 2 ) , Lake Red C (CI pigment Red 53:1 ) . Is the use of phosphoric acid precipitation - molybdic acid , phosphoric acid - acid , tannic acid, etc. as a precipitating agent reacts with the water-soluble alkali insoluble dye lakes such as : Fast Rose Lake (CI Pigment Violet 1 ) , emitted light violet (CI Pigment violet 3 ) . The carrier is a water-soluble dye deposited precipitate aluminum hydroxide , barium sulfate , etc. on the surface of the support , to form water-insoluble precipitate neutral colors such as : acid yellow lake (CI Pigment Orange 17 ) , light blue lake lake

PVC stabilizer of the two components of PVC

The various components of PVC stabilizer properties of PVC are different , it is also different methods . Here mainly on the content and the carboxylic acid content of lanthanum research methods to make a brief introduction.
Processing aids in the lanthanum content on PVC performance. Congo red method using color comparison method of  white foaming agent lanthanum -based ionomer thermal stability of PVC . Huck torque rheometer use of PVC plastics study its performance. The use of tensile test , study its effect on the mechanical properties of PVC . Use visible spectrophotometer, characterize the impact of PVC transparent . By FT-IR, DSC, DMTA lanthanum  titanium dioxide content in combination with the ionomer inquiry structure and the performance impact of PVC causes.
Processing aids in the carboxylic acid content of PVC performance. Congo red method of using the different carboxylic acid content of lanthanum -based ionomer thermal stability of PVC . Huck  iron oxide black torque rheometer use of PVC plastics study its performance. By FT-IR, DSC, DMTA conjunction with, explore the carboxylic acid content processing aid in the thermal stability of PVC and plasticizers performance reasons .

PVC heat stabilizers - glycerin zinc experiment

 PVC heat stabilizers many different types, the article describes the principles and conclusions, mainly to introduce this experimental process.
 The main raw material
PVC, CPM-31, industrial grade, Chenzhou, Hunan Hydro plant; vinegar dioctyl phthalate (DOP), industrial grade, Changsha plastic eight plants; zinc stearate, AR, 99%, city of Hubei Province  PVC heat stabilizer Plastics Additives Plant; calcium stearate, AR, 99%, city of Hubei Province plastic additives plant: Glycerin zinc, homemade; triphenyl phosphite vinegar, industrial, Danyang City, Chang and chemical additives Ltd.;
Epoxy soybean oil, industrial grade, Danyang City, Chang and chemical additives Limited.
Major equipment and instruments
Torque rheometer, XSS a 300, Shanghai Branch Chong Rubber Machinery Co., Ltd.;
Aging test box, 40lB, Shanghai Experimental Instrument Factory;
Electronic universal testing machine, 1) W a 4005, Changchun Institute of Science the new company test equipment;
UV light box, 500W, Beijing Institute of electric light.
Sample Preparation
Formulations shown in Table 1 for quantity, after mixing plus O ~ 100mmx clean glass plate to a thickness of about 0.5 square cladding, plasticized at 160 ℃ 6min, made with Acrylic impact modifier  different stabilizers PVC film, and then were cut into 10mmx20mm samples for performance testing. Performance Testing and Characterization
Determination with Congo red Thermal stability test: GB2917-82 by a predetermined amount of dry mixture to release the tube, and the tubes were not certain depth in an oil bath at an oil bath temperature of 180 ℃ when the measured time of Congo red paper color ; compare the thermal drying heat drying discoloration observed: PVC film on each of the claimed dry aging test chamber set at 180 ℃ heat aging test carried out, test pieces taken every 10min, chromaticity variation test piece was observed, experiment has been extended to appear dark black so far. On the thermal aging specimens quantify the number, color code: 0 a transparent or white, one a pale yellow, 2 a pale yellow, 3 a yellow, four a yellowish brown, 5 a brown, 6 a reddish brown, 7 a deep brown, brown 8-9, a dark brown, 10 to black; dynamic thermal stability test: the torque rheometer mixing chamber temperature reaches 180 ℃, rotor black iron oxide  speed of 45 :/ min when, respectively, according to Table 1 609 Samples were added rheometer dynamic thermal stability test, significantly increased the slope of the torque curve corresponds to the time when the mind is the thermal decomposition time; specimens UV weathering performance test: PvC film release in accelerated aging and UV light box with light stability tests. 40h after sampling by
79 tested GHI040 a tensile strength and breaking elongation, the loading speed of 5 ~ / min, the initial tensile strength and elongation at break compared calculate tensile strength retention ratio and the fracture elongation retention.

PVC lubricants - PVC lubricants Introduction

Application: PVC lubricants in the dibasic lead phosphite  plastics industry mainly used as mold release agents , plasticizers , antistatic agents , especially suitable for plastic foam products, anti-shrinkage agent. In the  production of PVC products as an internal lubricant , and alkyd resin can be used as a modifier , plasticizer nitrocellulose . Lubricant in the plastics processing flowability of the blowing agent  resin to improve the releasability and products to prevent the machine or mold adhesion and internal defects . General increase in the molding cavity or onto the surface . Common lubricants are fatty acids and their salts, long chain aliphatic hydrocarbons. The mechanism of action based lubricants can be divided into external lubricant and internal lubricant.
( 1) External Lubricant: The lubricant for molding resin compatibility is poor , so commonly used in the molding machine or the mold, it forms a lubricating layer between the resin , to facilitate resin flow and mold release products such as paraffin .
( 2 ) an internal lubricant : Lubricant such good compatibility with the resin , often incorporated into the yellow iron oxide  resin , reduce the melt viscosity of the resin , to improve their mobility . Such as butyl stearate , lead stearate . Stearic acid salts as well a lubricant is effective stabilizers.

to protect the safety of people's lives - non-toxic plasticizer

When it comes to plasticizers, plasticizers what we will think, ah, ah how I heard that some such similar problems, in fact, we have a lot of life added plasticizer things. We want PVC shoes stabilizer  some drunk beverage plastic bottle washer, it is to add a plasticizer effect. This is what we have to say in health problems.
We have some kids are not only a drink, it is often in direct contact with the bottle mouth, thus indirectly and plastic washers contacts among which there is a security risk. Although China has been developing and this demanding but non-toxic plasticizer, but our research and production is still a large gap with the developed countries, which we need aluminium hydroxide  to work with the plasticizer manufacturers struggled. So a lot of our attention on these small issues, in order to avoid unwittingly endanger our own health. But we need not live in fear face plasticizer is not necessary anxious fact, according to the way of life of modern society is entirely escape phthalate esters is almost impossible, but there is no need to over-nervous, because normal life the exposure to the  tio2 rutile plasticizer risk of harm to the human body can be ignored.
In the next time we come together to talk about how to reduce plasticizer in life hazard.

plastics processing aids

Global plastics industry is growing very rapidly, with an annual growth

rate of 4% to 6%, exceeding the growth rate of global GDP. The main reason

is that this growth to continue in the aluminum hydroxide  alternative plastic materials

traditional materials such as metal, wood, and minerals. In fact, various

additives in the resin for the successful application of plastic materials

are of great help. In the use of various types of additives to the polymer

impact modifiers and processing aids for the polymer to provide the most

unique and most valuable superior performance, but also improve the

processing performance of the product. Toughening treatment, rheology

control, beautiful appearance, processing performance, and economic factors

that are important to the nature of the property. Many of these additives

have been used for many years, after a long development derived from a wide

range of varieties. A major reason for this situation is the emulsion

polymerization process varied, which makes scientists continue to design

suitable polymer components, polymer structure, polymer morphology and

molecular weight / weight distribution. Low cost of production, and the

resulting product is easy to separate the iron oxide  emulsion, therefore, in the

commercial production of emulsion polymerization is very attractive.

In 1956, a first polymer additives for emulsion polymerization technique

was developed, which is a methacrylate - butadiene - styrene (MBS) prepared

as core-shell impact modifier. Subsequent to a variety of acrylic

processing aid and an acrylic impact modifier. Initially, these additives

are primarily used to improve the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) processability

and toughness. And processing aids for PVC mainly to promote fusion of PVC,

to enhance the melt strength, to improve the dispersion properties and

surface quality. High molecular weight PVC foam processing aid is an

important component. Means of processing aids, PVC foams can be obtained in

a more homogeneous foam structure, and to reduce the breakdown of closed

cell foam density will be lower. Act as a lubricant processing aids can

effectively prevent the molten plastic bonded to the metal surface to

improve the surface quality of products, improve production efficiency.

There are many applications of plastic materials is very limited, because

they either do not have the required physical properties, or its processing

performance is very poor, processing aids, is used to enhance the plastics

melt processing, increase production, reduce parking maintenance time and

provide better quality products.  the development of the first commercial production of processing aids product

that is used for the production of rigid PVC. After this, this

unprecedented technology will  chromium oxide soon be known to the industry, and thus

triggered a boom in the production of PVC industry. Since the 1980s

onwards, this research and development work began against other

thermoplastic materials and polymer blends product unfolded. Most of the

processing aid is generally added in PVC, and in other thermoplastics

processing aids used in little (only 0.5% to 5%), but in spite of these

processing aids able to significantly improve the processing performance,

while not affect other applications significantly affect performance.

According to the type of functionality, processing aids can be divided into

flux, melt rheology modifiers, lubricants and dispersing accelerator. In

fact, each type of processing aids and have more than one effect. Any one

processing aid functionality and application results to be dependent on its

chemical composition, the polymer structure, molecular weight and type of

the polymer matrix.

new pvc composite stabilizer

A climate conducive to the production of plastic products to prevent PvC contamination occurred during the  PVC window stabilizer new additive-Pvc composite stabilizer, recently developed.
The stabilizer system using advanced composite synthesis system. Its appearance white flakes, the proportion 29/cm3 so, volatile matter less than 0.5% lead oxide content of greater than 50% for the production of PVC products have high efficiency and stability with the PVC heat stabilizer for fittings  traditional Pvc stabilizer compared to lower amount of 10 to 30 percent, and no grinding, kneading pot inputs can be directly mixed for 70. insulation level, insulation class 1050, 700,900 nursing-level and low-cost cable containing paraffin grip compound, and compatibility, good dispersion, can maintain product good electrical properties and  butyl stearate mechanical properties, easy to use, low-cost formula, advanced production technology, no dust pollution.

PVC heat stabilizers tribasic acid leaden taking process (two)

The first part to introduce the  iron oxide yellow coating amount of tribasic lead sulfate on the thermal stability. Then this one to introduce lead salt concentration of PVC heat stabilizers performance. It can be seen as the lead concentration of the solution (in PbO dollars) from 300 g / L to 400 g / L, thermal stabilization time from 65 minutes to 72 minutes, followed by an increase as the concentration of thermal stabilization time is no longer growing , tends to level up to 500 g / L, which then  chrome green began to decrease. Pb concentration is too low, inevitably prolonged coating time to affect production capacity, is not conducive to the formation of a good coating layer is too high or if the lead concentration dropped fast, can cause local too thick, the first portion and the second portion respectively, to introduce the PVC heat stabilizers tribasic Lead sulfate process to take a factor. This section, to introduce two kinds of factors, they are: the ratio of water and slurry over time effects on the thermal stability; reaction temperature on the thermal stability of time effects.
First, the ratio of water and  tio2 anatase slurry over time effects on the thermal stability
Means the ratio of water to an aqueous suspension of the filler in water and the weight ratio of inert filler. Means the ratio of the filler slurry is an aqueous suspension of the water and the weight percent concentration of inert filler.
The following table shows the ratio of water and slurry concentration on the thermal stability of the effect of time can not be uniformly coated on each of inert filler particles, thus affecting the heat stabilizers thermal stabilization time.

Solvent-based pigment ink characteristics and their use

In today's new generation of colorful ink, so that people really feel the microelectronic technology has created a true representation of beauty, outdoor advertising people feel huge in progress throughout society: from apes to humans in order to create these as real now a huge screen ah. Can even say that without these, how explain social progress and human evolution? In the multi-level marketing confused intricate patterns analyzed, the rise of the advertising industry, inkjet printers inkjet printer with its strong performance, broad application prospects, as well as in relation to other media more cheaply, more convenient, and efficient production process, etc. advantages, increasingly favored by the advertising industry, is now widely used in posters, light boxes, exhibition stands and other fields. Plastic impact modifier
Printing industry from domestic to imported foreign inkjet printers inkjet printer, but its high price prohibitive for many advertising companies. But with the development of the domestic advertising industry and domestic brand competition, imported brands inkjet printers inkjet printer then gradually lowered prices for the majority of customers to accept. However, commonly used internationally pigment ink (pigment ink, water-based and solvent-divided), while many domestic advertising printing company because of cost considerations are using dye ink (dye ink). With the advertising industry and international standards, and the pursuit of higher quality advertisers advertising works, pigment ink will become the industry trend. PVC lubricant
Physical Performance Comparison: Solvent based pigment ink overcome photochemical activity of the dye, the pigment can be understood as a dye precipitate or similar inert material sand. Its leg color and change is extremely slow, outdoors can be maintained for a long time does not fade. Technological aspects: Dye ink in outdoor light irradiation will quickly fade, only suitable for indoor use, and does not scratch-proof. The use of solvent-based pigment ink, you can have three years without lamination weather force, can save the trouble gluing and coating manufacturing processes, where can achieve short delivery. Investment costs, the use of solvent-based paints do not need film processing machinery and materials, and without special coating printed materials, direct printing, direct use, you can achieve lower costs.
Printing efficiency, combined solvent printer using the new print head, the printer performance greatly improved. Domestic product in the outdoor pigment ink used when printing, and pigment ink suitable indoor and outdoor use, and in line with international trends advertising and printing, and continuous improvement in the product itself, to stimulate domestic enterprises solvent-based pigment ink study.