impact modifier
2014年3月25日星期二
China is a major WSD one pack stabilizer producer of PVC is also the world 's largest consumer of
China is a major producer of PVC , but also the world's largest consumer. 2007 China PVC production capacity has reached 14.5 million , t increase of 45 % compared to 2006 , the average annual growth rate for the world nine times , accounting for 30 % of the world 's total PVC . With the further expansion of PVC production capacity , demand for PVC heat stabilizers also continue to rise. Since the mid- 1950s , China began producing self- supporting since PVC heat stabilizers , heat stabilizers for PVC consumption With the rapid development of the industry and a substantial increase in heat stabilizers developed into the second largest plastics additives products. At present, China plastic heat stabilizer production enterprises have more than 100 , while the low-end of the lead salt heat stabilizer is still overwhelmingly dominant , industry 60% of enterprises due to technical reasons plastic processing aid only to produce lead salt -based heat stabilizers , domestic PVC products in more than 65% or the use of lead salt heat stabilizer ( metal soap and composite metal soap is also part of the lead soap heat stabilizers ) , the annual amount of up to about 120 000 t. To avoid potential lead contamination , improve people's living environment , China since 2003 began a comprehensive campaign to ban lead . Ministry of Construction in 2004 began requiring the use of non- national lead salt water pipes PVC heat stabilizers ; Beijing from April 1, 2005 began restricting the use of lead- salt heat stabilizer PVC pipes for drinking water ; power system also introduced a ban within the grid regulations governing the use of chlorinated PVC protective lead salts and organic tin heat stabilizer to prevent environmental pollution, especially pollution of groundwater sources . PVC profiles have now begun to explore the lead-free. China's environmental PVC heat stabilizerprotection type calcium / zinc heat stabilizers are still dependent on foreign imports , but the price is expensive, imported calcium / zinc heat stabilizers are generally in the 3 to 5 million /; t because the domestic PVC heat stabilizer production of PVC heat stabilizers business technology behind domestic calcium / zinc complex heat organic pigments stabilizer market is still unable to meet performance requirements . Lead salt heat stabilizer deadline can not be disabled , to some extent hindered the goal of a comprehensive ban on schedule to achieve the lead pollution of the environment still exist and are widening. Carry out the role of non-toxic compound heat stabilizer technology research and development , and to achieve large-scale domestic production , to ensure the sustainable development of economy, society, environment build harmonious relationship between man and nature , have very important .
2014年3月2日星期日
Some excellent performance of one pack stabilizer
Multiple selection is based rare earth oxides and rare earth chlorides , oxides and chlorides mostly single one or a mixture of lanthanum, cerium , praseodymium, neodymium and other light rare earths.
Rare earth elements have similar chemical properties and abnormal active , with many tracks can be accepted as a central ion ligand lone pair of electrons, while the rare earth metal ion has a larger ion radius , with inorganic or organic ligands primarily by electrostatic attraction forming ions bond , as the central atom complex , often d2SP3, d4dP3, f3d5Ssp3 other hybrid forms form complexes with a median of 6-12 .
REE excellent mechanical properties and their grouping principles are concerned with the geometric properties of rare WSD Metallic stearate earth elements . Because the radius of the atoms and ions are important factors that determine the configuration , hardness , density and physical properties such as melting point of the crystals at room temperature , atmospheric conditions , rare earth metal lanthanum, praseodymium , neodymium, double- hexagonal crystal structure, and the cubic cerium crystal density ( centroid ) structure, when the temperature and pressure changes , the majority of the rare earth metal transition of crystal . Because lanthanide contraction lanthanide atomic radius , atomic volume decreases with increasing atomic number , the density increases with the atomic number , compared with lanthanum , cerium , praseodymium , neodymium , abnormal phenomenon .
Lanthanum , cerium, praseodymium , neodymium , lanthanum is the most chemically active , but only trivalent lanthanum C1 RECl being generated complex and this complex is unstable , and WSD Chlorinated paraffin cerium , praseodymium these expensive rare earth ions the ability to form complexes with Cl stronger than the trivalent lanthanum , they form a stable complex ions and negative Cl ligands , therefore , in the selection of rare earth thermal stabilizer to comprehensive lanthanum, cerium , praseodymium, neodymium respective advantages in different applications , one with its high-purity single , hybrid , or a reasonable match.
The rare earth ion is typically hard cations, i.e. ions easily deformed polarization , which base is equipped with hard metal atoms , such as oxygen strong complexing ability . The rare earth compound of CaC03 coupling effect due to the presence of the chain between the rare earth ions and chloride ions in the strong PVC ligand interactions conducive transmit shear force so that the rare earth compounds can effectively accelerate the gelation of PVC , can be promote PVC plasticizers , processing aids, but also play a role in the ACR . Meanwhile, the rare earth metal ions and ligands CPE in C1 , can play its role more CPE toughening modification . The adequacy of these performance play balance or not, and in the rare earth complex compound additive has a significant relationship , complex lubrication system , processing the modified system is crucial , so complex process of good bad a direct impact on the performance of multi-functional complexes of rare earth stabilizer . Excellent performance rare earth stabilizer should have the following features:
( 1 ) excellent thermal stability
Static and dynamic thermal stability, both tin WSD Polyethylene wax and Beijing 8831 is quite good in the lead salts and metallic soaps , four times three times and lead salts Ba / Zn composite stabilizer. Complex can become toxic, transparent, and may partially replace the organotin stabilizers are widely used. Mechanism for the capture of rare earth stabilizer HCl and allyl chloride atom replaced with an auxiliary stabilizer epoxy has good synergy.
( 2 ) coupling effect
Coupled with excellent effect , compared with the lead salt , good compatibility with PVC role for the PVC-CaCO, system coupling effect is better, help to improve the PVC plastic door and window profile strength. Weld strength rare earth stabilizer processing PVC profiles PVC profiles weld strength than lead salt stabilizer to high raw material prices are also higher.
Rare earth elements have similar chemical properties and abnormal active , with many tracks can be accepted as a central ion ligand lone pair of electrons, while the rare earth metal ion has a larger ion radius , with inorganic or organic ligands primarily by electrostatic attraction forming ions bond , as the central atom complex , often d2SP3, d4dP3, f3d5Ssp3 other hybrid forms form complexes with a median of 6-12 .
REE excellent mechanical properties and their grouping principles are concerned with the geometric properties of rare WSD Metallic stearate earth elements . Because the radius of the atoms and ions are important factors that determine the configuration , hardness , density and physical properties such as melting point of the crystals at room temperature , atmospheric conditions , rare earth metal lanthanum, praseodymium , neodymium, double- hexagonal crystal structure, and the cubic cerium crystal density ( centroid ) structure, when the temperature and pressure changes , the majority of the rare earth metal transition of crystal . Because lanthanide contraction lanthanide atomic radius , atomic volume decreases with increasing atomic number , the density increases with the atomic number , compared with lanthanum , cerium , praseodymium , neodymium , abnormal phenomenon .
Lanthanum , cerium, praseodymium , neodymium , lanthanum is the most chemically active , but only trivalent lanthanum C1 RECl being generated complex and this complex is unstable , and WSD Chlorinated paraffin cerium , praseodymium these expensive rare earth ions the ability to form complexes with Cl stronger than the trivalent lanthanum , they form a stable complex ions and negative Cl ligands , therefore , in the selection of rare earth thermal stabilizer to comprehensive lanthanum, cerium , praseodymium, neodymium respective advantages in different applications , one with its high-purity single , hybrid , or a reasonable match.
The rare earth ion is typically hard cations, i.e. ions easily deformed polarization , which base is equipped with hard metal atoms , such as oxygen strong complexing ability . The rare earth compound of CaC03 coupling effect due to the presence of the chain between the rare earth ions and chloride ions in the strong PVC ligand interactions conducive transmit shear force so that the rare earth compounds can effectively accelerate the gelation of PVC , can be promote PVC plasticizers , processing aids, but also play a role in the ACR . Meanwhile, the rare earth metal ions and ligands CPE in C1 , can play its role more CPE toughening modification . The adequacy of these performance play balance or not, and in the rare earth complex compound additive has a significant relationship , complex lubrication system , processing the modified system is crucial , so complex process of good bad a direct impact on the performance of multi-functional complexes of rare earth stabilizer . Excellent performance rare earth stabilizer should have the following features:
( 1 ) excellent thermal stability
Static and dynamic thermal stability, both tin WSD Polyethylene wax and Beijing 8831 is quite good in the lead salts and metallic soaps , four times three times and lead salts Ba / Zn composite stabilizer. Complex can become toxic, transparent, and may partially replace the organotin stabilizers are widely used. Mechanism for the capture of rare earth stabilizer HCl and allyl chloride atom replaced with an auxiliary stabilizer epoxy has good synergy.
( 2 ) coupling effect
Coupled with excellent effect , compared with the lead salt , good compatibility with PVC role for the PVC-CaCO, system coupling effect is better, help to improve the PVC plastic door and window profile strength. Weld strength rare earth stabilizer processing PVC profiles PVC profiles weld strength than lead salt stabilizer to high raw material prices are also higher.
2014年2月17日星期一
Some simple exposition Heat stabilizer for
Environmental problems due to the toxicity of lead and, in the most common case of a zinc, barium and calcium-zinc stabilizers are quickly replaced by a more efficient formulation of barium-lead. Lead systems can be provided close to the processing stability of the novel stabilizer is continuously developed in order to achieve lead-free stabilizer. This occurs due to government regulations and the high cost of waste disposal.
A combination of zinc and secondary phosphite stabilizer components with food grade calcium in the food packaging film has been applied aspects.
Most plasticizers used in soft products, the plasticizer-containing epoxy esters, such as diglycidyl ester, epoxy fatty acid ester. Reacting the epoxide with hydrogen chloride as an auxiliary stabilizer.
Because of the unique electrical properties of the lead compound, in the wire and cable coating dominate the market, some of the metal in the coating mix applied as an auxiliary stabilizer.
Hard products: rigid PVC products in the North American market, although there are some wrong, mixed metal, antimony esters using flow-based, but most are using stabilizers containing tin. In other parts of the world, especially when used as a profile, is gradually replacing lead stabilizers barium a stabilizer, which is due to the problems discussed above pan. However, due to the potential environmental factors in these applications CKS gradually calcium-zinc and organic tin instead of lead.
Pipe: PVC rigid PVC pipe is unique to the largest market, the majority of the pipe is in the twin-screw extruder processing. Since the heating time is short, and therefore the use of lower concentrations of organotin stabilizers stream. These pipe grade tin content of the stabilizer may use to 4-10% less, per 100 parts of the polymer is generally 0.4 parts (twin screw extrusion), while the single screw extruder 0.6-1 .0 copies. Stabilizer for drinking water pipes must comply with the requirements of independent certification bodies.
Injection: With the emergence reciprocating screw injection molding resins suitable for the requirements, and has successfully developed a highly efficient stabilizers and obtained a very large WSD Chrolinated polyethylene part (35 pounds).
While the lower molecular weight resin is more easily processed, but the high shear injection mold typically require a 25% containing 14% tin organotin ester stream.
Blow molding: the proper selection of the organic tin blow molding is critical because there is a starting color, fragrance, transparency additional requirements play a decisive role in the generic article are sulfuric acid ester and dibutyltin tin methyl ester. Although the methyl esters of tin and tin have FDA permission, but the main use of food-grade applications octyl tin.
Membrane and sheet: extrusion and calendering are used to process rigid PVC sheet and membrane, the membrane and the WSD Titanium dioxide rutile sheet is typically used as stabilizers for use with bottles.
Siding and outer profiles: For stabilizers for PVC siding and window frame materials, weather resistance and durability to maintain color of the additional requirements. Long term studies have determined the structure of these organotin optimal use.
In North America, the single / double sulfates are present preferred organotin stabilizers have been traditionally used in the European metal mixture also increases its appeal.
In North America, the high amount of titania used WSD Aluminum hydroxide well to prevent ultraviolet. This fact coupled with higher productivity are required to provide more organotin excellent processing stability.
A combination of zinc and secondary phosphite stabilizer components with food grade calcium in the food packaging film has been applied aspects.
Most plasticizers used in soft products, the plasticizer-containing epoxy esters, such as diglycidyl ester, epoxy fatty acid ester. Reacting the epoxide with hydrogen chloride as an auxiliary stabilizer.
Because of the unique electrical properties of the lead compound, in the wire and cable coating dominate the market, some of the metal in the coating mix applied as an auxiliary stabilizer.
Hard products: rigid PVC products in the North American market, although there are some wrong, mixed metal, antimony esters using flow-based, but most are using stabilizers containing tin. In other parts of the world, especially when used as a profile, is gradually replacing lead stabilizers barium a stabilizer, which is due to the problems discussed above pan. However, due to the potential environmental factors in these applications CKS gradually calcium-zinc and organic tin instead of lead.
Pipe: PVC rigid PVC pipe is unique to the largest market, the majority of the pipe is in the twin-screw extruder processing. Since the heating time is short, and therefore the use of lower concentrations of organotin stabilizers stream. These pipe grade tin content of the stabilizer may use to 4-10% less, per 100 parts of the polymer is generally 0.4 parts (twin screw extrusion), while the single screw extruder 0.6-1 .0 copies. Stabilizer for drinking water pipes must comply with the requirements of independent certification bodies.
Injection: With the emergence reciprocating screw injection molding resins suitable for the requirements, and has successfully developed a highly efficient stabilizers and obtained a very large WSD Chrolinated polyethylene part (35 pounds).
While the lower molecular weight resin is more easily processed, but the high shear injection mold typically require a 25% containing 14% tin organotin ester stream.
Blow molding: the proper selection of the organic tin blow molding is critical because there is a starting color, fragrance, transparency additional requirements play a decisive role in the generic article are sulfuric acid ester and dibutyltin tin methyl ester. Although the methyl esters of tin and tin have FDA permission, but the main use of food-grade applications octyl tin.
Membrane and sheet: extrusion and calendering are used to process rigid PVC sheet and membrane, the membrane and the WSD Titanium dioxide rutile sheet is typically used as stabilizers for use with bottles.
Siding and outer profiles: For stabilizers for PVC siding and window frame materials, weather resistance and durability to maintain color of the additional requirements. Long term studies have determined the structure of these organotin optimal use.
In North America, the single / double sulfates are present preferred organotin stabilizers have been traditionally used in the European metal mixture also increases its appeal.
In North America, the high amount of titania used WSD Aluminum hydroxide well to prevent ultraviolet. This fact coupled with higher productivity are required to provide more organotin excellent processing stability.
2014年2月9日星期日
Some of the major purposes of Heat stabilizer
1, Ca-Zn composite heat stabilizer non-toxic, non-harmful heavy metals, can replace traditional lead salt heat stabilizer, safety and health, conducive to environmental protection;
2, has excellent thermal stability and excellent weather resistance, good initial color, light, anti-sulfide contamination, can WSD Metallic stearate significantly improve the outdoor use of PVC products;
3, calcium, zinc and PVC heat stabilizer dispersion, compatibility, anti-precipitated, forming a good processing stability, has a wide processing characteristics can be improved extrusion speed and extend the production cycle;
4, has a unique role in coupling, giving a good filler dispersion, promote and package resin, improve product performance, both toughened and promote melting, can significantly improve the mechanical properties of PVC products, enhanced products compressive blasting Performance. 1) Heat stabilizer salt: salt stabilizer is the combination of the "base" of lead salts of inorganic and organic acids, such stabilizer having excellent heat resistance, weather resistance and electrical insulating properties, low cost transparency is poor, there is a certain toxicity, dosage is generally 0.5% to 5.0%. 2) a fatty acid-based heat stabilizer: Such a thermal stabilizer is a compound consisting of a fatty acid with a metal ion root, also known as hot metal soap stabilizers, its performance and the kind of metal ions and acid WSD chromium oxide radicals, generally in an amount of 0.1% ~ 3.0%. 3) organotin heat stabilizers: class PVC heat stabilizer molecule with chlorine atoms to form unstable ligand and the ligand organotin carboxylate group and a chlorine atom unstable replacement. Features such heat stabilizers are high stability, good transparency, heat resistance, the downside is expensive. Ca-Zn composite heat stabilizer in an efficient, high environmental protection is known, no smell, dispersion, mobility, stability, weather resistance, excellent transparency. At present, both plates, areas of production and processing profiles or plastics, composite stabilizer have become integral. When adding calcium zinc composite heat stabilizer, you first need to consider compatibility with the polymer is added between. If you add a composite stabilizer and polymer compounds produce a certain reaction, eroding the additive effect but will be counterproductive. Compatibility between various plastics additives is also important, not simply add a stabilizer during plastic processing, will add time to pay attention to the role of auxiliaries and additives occur between each other. Different plastics composite stabilizer for added performance, odor, stability, thermal properties and other characteristics different WSD Polyethylene wax requirements, in operation to do to analyze specific issues, select the appropriate composite stabilizer. Also note that when you add another calcium zinc composite heat stabilizer moderation, too much or too little will not achieve the intended stabilizing effect.
2, has excellent thermal stability and excellent weather resistance, good initial color, light, anti-sulfide contamination, can WSD Metallic stearate significantly improve the outdoor use of PVC products;
3, calcium, zinc and PVC heat stabilizer dispersion, compatibility, anti-precipitated, forming a good processing stability, has a wide processing characteristics can be improved extrusion speed and extend the production cycle;
4, has a unique role in coupling, giving a good filler dispersion, promote and package resin, improve product performance, both toughened and promote melting, can significantly improve the mechanical properties of PVC products, enhanced products compressive blasting Performance. 1) Heat stabilizer salt: salt stabilizer is the combination of the "base" of lead salts of inorganic and organic acids, such stabilizer having excellent heat resistance, weather resistance and electrical insulating properties, low cost transparency is poor, there is a certain toxicity, dosage is generally 0.5% to 5.0%. 2) a fatty acid-based heat stabilizer: Such a thermal stabilizer is a compound consisting of a fatty acid with a metal ion root, also known as hot metal soap stabilizers, its performance and the kind of metal ions and acid WSD chromium oxide radicals, generally in an amount of 0.1% ~ 3.0%. 3) organotin heat stabilizers: class PVC heat stabilizer molecule with chlorine atoms to form unstable ligand and the ligand organotin carboxylate group and a chlorine atom unstable replacement. Features such heat stabilizers are high stability, good transparency, heat resistance, the downside is expensive. Ca-Zn composite heat stabilizer in an efficient, high environmental protection is known, no smell, dispersion, mobility, stability, weather resistance, excellent transparency. At present, both plates, areas of production and processing profiles or plastics, composite stabilizer have become integral. When adding calcium zinc composite heat stabilizer, you first need to consider compatibility with the polymer is added between. If you add a composite stabilizer and polymer compounds produce a certain reaction, eroding the additive effect but will be counterproductive. Compatibility between various plastics additives is also important, not simply add a stabilizer during plastic processing, will add time to pay attention to the role of auxiliaries and additives occur between each other. Different plastics composite stabilizer for added performance, odor, stability, thermal properties and other characteristics different WSD Polyethylene wax requirements, in operation to do to analyze specific issues, select the appropriate composite stabilizer. Also note that when you add another calcium zinc composite heat stabilizer moderation, too much or too little will not achieve the intended stabilizing effect.
2014年1月19日星期日
Several Theoretical Issues of PVC heat stabilizers
1 Overview
PVC heat stabilizers are of practical value resin can become
indispensable plastic additives, for decades, the study of the thermal
decomposition mechanism and PVC heat stabilizers of the action, have a
great development, but heat stabilizers some theoretical issues, such
as the commonly used metal soap heat stabilizers, why zinc, cadmium,
aluminum soap in PVC in class early color small, and barium, calcium,
strontium initial coloring on larger? Same as Sn, Sb initial heat
stabilizer why organic carboxylate thermal stabilizer coloring big? And
its corresponding thiol salts early color WSD PVC plasticizer on the small? And so on very
rare reports, the authors try to use the theory of atomic structure
theoretical analysis on some issues, engaged in the production and
application of heat stabilizers colleagues or some benefit.
2, organotin more excellent heat stability of the same alkyl mercaptan
more excellent than the initial thermal stability than the tin
carboxylate organotin carboxylate. The reason is due to the structure
of the tin atoms linked sulfur and oxygen caused by different. Oxygen
and sulfur cycle in the same element as the sixth element, the
difference lies in their different electronic structure. Here I want to
emphasize is: since heat stabilizers stable reaction types, only the
elimination of PVC unstable reactive WSD stearic acid chlorine atoms and anti-oxidation
reaction is fundamentally prevent the degradation of PVC on the cross
Union, others, such as the absorption of hydrogen chloride, carbon ions
and undermine the positive reaction of the double bond are more serious
in PVC has exploded later (already de-HCL, after the formation of a
number of double bonds) remedy, which can eliminate unstable heat
stabilizers have a chlorine atom good initial hue (no or less to form a
double bond).
PVC heat stabilizers eliminate unstable premise that two chlorine
atoms, one of the stabilizer and the metal ions have a strong
complexation unstable chlorine atom; the other is an organic anion of a
strong carbon (C? ?) initial significant complexing capacity, only two
were strong complexing ability of PVC was small. (Nearly colorless,
both strong and mercaptan, the tin mercaptide heat stabilizer for PVC,
PVC excellent in hue, hue holding time is longer).
3, the initial metal soap coloration WSD Chlorinated paraffin and long-term thermal stability of
organotin
3.1 is the beginning of soap coloring
I found an interesting phenomenon at work, the nature of Mg and Ca
soap soap is very similar (initial coloring serious, but a better long
-term thermal stability), and Al and Zn soap soap is very similar
(excellent initial hue and serious "zinc burn" phenomenon); Mg, Ca, Sr,
Ba are the second main group of the periodic elements are similar in
nature, well understood, but it is the third main element Al, and Zn,
Cd is the second sub-group elements, their chemical properties very
similar to what it? Of course, there are diagonal periodicity principle
can explain this phenomenon, but the similarities and differences
between the chemical properties of the elements, the fundamental reason
is the similarities and differences between their atomic structure, its
external representation is characteristic of the original rare earth
heat stabilizer is a unique " Coupling resistance. " Because of this
feature to make it appear to have in the processing of the lubricant
additives and processing characteristics, promote resin plasticizing;
show excellent impact resistance agent effectiveness in increasing the
PVC toughness, improve the mechanical properties of products in the
finished product; with When oxygen-fillers such as CaCO3 and other
effects, the performance of "Capacity" effect, without affecting the
mechanical properties of the conditions that can increase the amount of
CaCO3.
PVC heat stabilizers are of practical value resin can become
indispensable plastic additives, for decades, the study of the thermal
decomposition mechanism and PVC heat stabilizers of the action, have a
great development, but heat stabilizers some theoretical issues, such
as the commonly used metal soap heat stabilizers, why zinc, cadmium,
aluminum soap in PVC in class early color small, and barium, calcium,
strontium initial coloring on larger? Same as Sn, Sb initial heat
stabilizer why organic carboxylate thermal stabilizer coloring big? And
its corresponding thiol salts early color WSD PVC plasticizer on the small? And so on very
rare reports, the authors try to use the theory of atomic structure
theoretical analysis on some issues, engaged in the production and
application of heat stabilizers colleagues or some benefit.
2, organotin more excellent heat stability of the same alkyl mercaptan
more excellent than the initial thermal stability than the tin
carboxylate organotin carboxylate. The reason is due to the structure
of the tin atoms linked sulfur and oxygen caused by different. Oxygen
and sulfur cycle in the same element as the sixth element, the
difference lies in their different electronic structure. Here I want to
emphasize is: since heat stabilizers stable reaction types, only the
elimination of PVC unstable reactive WSD stearic acid chlorine atoms and anti-oxidation
reaction is fundamentally prevent the degradation of PVC on the cross
Union, others, such as the absorption of hydrogen chloride, carbon ions
and undermine the positive reaction of the double bond are more serious
in PVC has exploded later (already de-HCL, after the formation of a
number of double bonds) remedy, which can eliminate unstable heat
stabilizers have a chlorine atom good initial hue (no or less to form a
double bond).
PVC heat stabilizers eliminate unstable premise that two chlorine
atoms, one of the stabilizer and the metal ions have a strong
complexation unstable chlorine atom; the other is an organic anion of a
strong carbon (C? ?) initial significant complexing capacity, only two
were strong complexing ability of PVC was small. (Nearly colorless,
both strong and mercaptan, the tin mercaptide heat stabilizer for PVC,
PVC excellent in hue, hue holding time is longer).
3, the initial metal soap coloration WSD Chlorinated paraffin and long-term thermal stability of
organotin
3.1 is the beginning of soap coloring
I found an interesting phenomenon at work, the nature of Mg and Ca
soap soap is very similar (initial coloring serious, but a better long
-term thermal stability), and Al and Zn soap soap is very similar
(excellent initial hue and serious "zinc burn" phenomenon); Mg, Ca, Sr,
Ba are the second main group of the periodic elements are similar in
nature, well understood, but it is the third main element Al, and Zn,
Cd is the second sub-group elements, their chemical properties very
similar to what it? Of course, there are diagonal periodicity principle
can explain this phenomenon, but the similarities and differences
between the chemical properties of the elements, the fundamental reason
is the similarities and differences between their atomic structure, its
external representation is characteristic of the original rare earth
heat stabilizer is a unique " Coupling resistance. " Because of this
feature to make it appear to have in the processing of the lubricant
additives and processing characteristics, promote resin plasticizing;
show excellent impact resistance agent effectiveness in increasing the
PVC toughness, improve the mechanical properties of products in the
finished product; with When oxygen-fillers such as CaCO3 and other
effects, the performance of "Capacity" effect, without affecting the
mechanical properties of the conditions that can increase the amount of
CaCO3.
2013年10月21日星期一
processing aids in the characteristics of different processing methods
Processing aids action principle : PVC melt poor scalability , easily lead to melt broken ; PVC melt relaxation is slow, easily lead to the product surface rough, dull and shark skin and titanium dioxide anatase so on. Therefore , PVC processing often necessary to add processing aids to improve the melt of the above-mentioned drawbacks . Processing aids as a class can improve the performance of resin processing aids, which consists of three main modes of action : promoting resin melt , the melt rheology modifiers and gives lubrication. 1 PVC resin promoting resin is melted when heated under shear force , processing modifier first melted and adhered to the surface of the PVC resin particles , based on their compatibility with the magnesium hydroxide flame retardant resin and the molecular weight, the viscosity of PVC and friction increases, thereby effectively the shear stress and heat transfer to the PVC resin, PVC accelerate melting . (2) has a melt rheology modified PVC melt strength is poor, poor scalability and melt fracture and other shortcomings, while processing modifier can improve the melt above problems. Its mechanism of action is: to increase the melt viscoelasticity of PVC , thereby improving the die swell and increased melt strength. 3 gives lubricity compatibility with PVC processing modifier part first melting molten play a catalytic role ; partly incompatible with PVC molten resin to migrate outside the system , thereby improving mold release . ACR processing aids commonly used species category , ACR is methyl methacrylate . PVC can be plastic additive added to improve the melt strength and melt elongation . ACR-201 is mainly used for rigid PVC profiles , pipes, bottles and sheets, the amount of 0.5 to 2 parts . ACR-401, methyl methacrylate , ethyl acrylate , butyl acrylate and styrene monomer from four kinds , are core - shell copolymers , AMS class , AMS -based oligomeric α- methyl styrene material , which is also called hexamer M-80, it is non-toxic and transparency , and can improve the processability of PVC resistance and luster of products . AMS for rigid PVC , the hard tube add 2 to 5 parts , 3 parts of a transparent film , was added 10 parts of the floor . Copolymers of butadiene and acrylonitrile P83 , the surface treatment by the PVC latex , can be used as processing aids, added in an amount up to about 20 parts . 820-G is a chlorinated paraffin and polypropylene oxide - ethylene made by free radical grafting , which can improve the processability of PVC , gloss and feel, added in an amount up to 5 to 10 parts .
2013年10月8日星期二
Hard some introduction of sodium
Sodium stearate, calcium stearate is carried out with sodium chloride metathesis reaction derived fine white powder , metallic calcium content of 6.5% , mp 149-155 ℃, heating loss is less than 2% , the PVC heat stabilizer relative density of 1.08 , fineness by 0.075mm sieve 99.5% , free acid ( as stearic acid ) 0.5% , in the air, water absorption .
The product can be used as a thermal stabilizer of polyethylene , has excellent lubricity, good processability , and an epoxy compound with zinc soap and having a synergistic effect , can improve the fluorescent brightener thermal stability, and the base of lead salts and lead soap and used hardware products , you can improve the speed of gelation . This product can be used in polyethylene and polypropylene resins to eliminate residual catalyst on the adverse effects of color and stability . This product is also widely used as a polyolefin , polyester reinforced plastic , phenolic resin, amino resin, thermosetting plastics lubricants and release agents .
Sodium stearate of formula Na (C18H35O2) { i.e. (C17H35COO) Na}, molecular weight 306.46 . 7.51% sodium containing stearic acid 92.50 , purity 99.5%. White powder or white block, with creamy , fatty taste , soluble in water or alcohol-water solution is alkaline due to hydrolysis . Melting point 100 ~ 110 ℃, should be kept in kept in a cool , dry, well Barium soap ventilated place .
Main purpose:
1 . Detergent : for controlling foam in the rinse .
2 . Emulsifying or dispersing agent: for the polymer emulsion and antioxidants medium .
3 . Corrosion inhibitors: polyethylene packaging films it has protective properties.
4 . Cosmetics: shaving gel , transparent viscose
5 . Adhesive: natural rubber and then paste paper used .
The product can be used as a thermal stabilizer of polyethylene , has excellent lubricity, good processability , and an epoxy compound with zinc soap and having a synergistic effect , can improve the fluorescent brightener thermal stability, and the base of lead salts and lead soap and used hardware products , you can improve the speed of gelation . This product can be used in polyethylene and polypropylene resins to eliminate residual catalyst on the adverse effects of color and stability . This product is also widely used as a polyolefin , polyester reinforced plastic , phenolic resin, amino resin, thermosetting plastics lubricants and release agents .
Sodium stearate of formula Na (C18H35O2) { i.e. (C17H35COO) Na}, molecular weight 306.46 . 7.51% sodium containing stearic acid 92.50 , purity 99.5%. White powder or white block, with creamy , fatty taste , soluble in water or alcohol-water solution is alkaline due to hydrolysis . Melting point 100 ~ 110 ℃, should be kept in kept in a cool , dry, well Barium soap ventilated place .
Main purpose:
1 . Detergent : for controlling foam in the rinse .
2 . Emulsifying or dispersing agent: for the polymer emulsion and antioxidants medium .
3 . Corrosion inhibitors: polyethylene packaging films it has protective properties.
4 . Cosmetics: shaving gel , transparent viscose
5 . Adhesive: natural rubber and then paste paper used .
2013年9月24日星期二
introduces some major stearate
Stearate is an additive for a wide range , the most important role of the polymer with very good results. Such as polyolefins can be used as an acid neutralizer , the article has a good lubricating effect , increase heat
stabilizer for panel life expectancy ( in terms of the thermoset product ) . Market , stearate great demand, generally focused on: calcium stearate, zinc stearate, sodium stearate these types . Lianyungang Huaming Tai Material Technology Co., Ltd. is mainly engaged in three types of stearate.
Production of stearic acid salt is a complex process, after several in-depth exchanges , flash dryer as stearate final process section . More than two years , the use of easy -degree flash dryer for n-butyl stearate drying stearate effect is remarkable, not only high production efficiency, and fewer human resources needed , greatly reducing the cost of doing business .
Drying stearate ( calcium stearate, zinc stearate, sodium stearate ), the main difficulty lies in mesh powder is too low, the drying time is not a good collection of dust than expected . Choose the traditional bag dust removal equipment can not solve this problem. Our response to this situation , the traditional baghouse has been improved, under the heat stabilizer for pipe premise of ensuring the production , making the maximum amount of material was collected . Stearate using flash dryer drying , the effect is remarkable, and , again using the flash drying equipment high production requirements under full load operation. Tailored for the enterprise is the most suitable drying equipment drying machine I designed purpose . Communicate constantly , constantly solving puzzles , and constantly break through the self .
Production of stearic acid salt is a complex process, after several in-depth exchanges , flash dryer as stearate final process section . More than two years , the use of easy -degree flash dryer for n-butyl stearate drying stearate effect is remarkable, not only high production efficiency, and fewer human resources needed , greatly reducing the cost of doing business .
Drying stearate ( calcium stearate, zinc stearate, sodium stearate ), the main difficulty lies in mesh powder is too low, the drying time is not a good collection of dust than expected . Choose the traditional bag dust removal equipment can not solve this problem. Our response to this situation , the traditional baghouse has been improved, under the heat stabilizer for pipe premise of ensuring the production , making the maximum amount of material was collected . Stearate using flash dryer drying , the effect is remarkable, and , again using the flash drying equipment high production requirements under full load operation. Tailored for the enterprise is the most suitable drying equipment drying machine I designed purpose . Communicate constantly , constantly solving puzzles , and constantly break through the self .
2013年9月22日星期日
The main impact modifiers some simple effects
The reason why certain polymers show brittle at room temperature , which is mainly determined by the structure of the polymer itself . Polymer
The brittleness and its molecular main chain flexibility , the molecular chain of the more flexible , its brittleness is smaller , whereas the greater brittleness . All Movies
A flexible polymer chain affected by factors such as the main chain structure , a substituted group, the polymerization degree , crosslinking degree of the polymer can affect the brittle
Sex . To improve the toughness of the heat stabilizer for foaming board material , the following three main ways : in
Rubber component introduced into the polymer structure , as in the bulk polymerization of styrene butadiene component may be introduced in
Preparation of high-impact polystyrene
HIPS, which in situ in the reaction kettle modification techniques suitable for mass production . In
Introducing the polymer backbone monomers low glass transition temperature , such as bisphenol
A polycarbonate raw
Production . Through
After some modification method would have the effect of toughening complexes were blended with polymer materials ,
Thereby enhancing the impact properties of polymeric materials . Such complexes known as impact modifiers , these additives is mainly used polyvinyl chloride
Ene, polystyrene and other plastics . The PVC lubricant modified method has the freedom and flexibility characteristics.
1.1
Mechanism of impact modifier
The impact modifier in the polymer research, although there are a large number of scholars have carried out a series of fruitful work , but to
Today there are some issues unresolved , so it is no unified theory. Different scholars have proposed a different interpretation ,
Summarized in the following: rubber absorbs energy theory , shear yield theory, theory of cracks , crazing shear zone management
On other . Due to the use of rubber or elastomer -modified impact of plastics material will also reduce the rigidity of the self
Since there has been replaced by rigid particles of rubber and elastomer toughened polymers ideas, and the corresponding emergence of non-
Rigid polymer particle toughening machine theory .
Rubber absorbs energy theory
Is stretched when the cross section is substantially found not shrink , thereby setting
Want to cavitation occurs inside the material and the density becomes small ( approximately 8% reduction )
Year. They think its elongation stress whitening phenomenon
Is generated within the material of the hole caused by the scattering of light . Therefore, the argument put forward : when the material strain , in its internal generated a lot of very fine cracks , then there must be a
Of rubber particles across the crack , thus preventing rapid crack
Rapid expansion , while the rubber particles in its consumption of energy during deformation due
, Thereby improving the toughness of the material . As shown, located
Rubber particles in a growth of the crack face , such that material by
To break the impact absorbed energy equal to the PVC profile stabilizer Brittle Fracture
We can add on to be broken rubber particles acting combined. While
Explained tensile yield , must assume the formation of a large number of micro- cracks in the rubber particles absorb energy schematic
And each micro-cracks were blocked by rubber particles , micro-cracks are adjacent the substrate a thin layer of polystyrene are separated . Thus, a large tensile strain can be micro- cracks open, the rubber particles are
Elongated and polystyrene layers bend to achieve. Accordingly, they assume that the rubber particles have a "bridge " effect as well as particles having a high flexibility and good adhesion to the substrate with the premise . This theory is that it is the lack of attention to the rubber , while ignoring the polymer matrix . Toughened polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride is concerned, both in the fracture behavior of a significant difference , which is not easy to explain the theory of micro-cracks
The brittleness and its molecular main chain flexibility , the molecular chain of the more flexible , its brittleness is smaller , whereas the greater brittleness . All Movies
A flexible polymer chain affected by factors such as the main chain structure , a substituted group, the polymerization degree , crosslinking degree of the polymer can affect the brittle
Sex . To improve the toughness of the heat stabilizer for foaming board material , the following three main ways : in
Rubber component introduced into the polymer structure , as in the bulk polymerization of styrene butadiene component may be introduced in
Preparation of high-impact polystyrene
HIPS, which in situ in the reaction kettle modification techniques suitable for mass production . In
Introducing the polymer backbone monomers low glass transition temperature , such as bisphenol
A polycarbonate raw
Production . Through
After some modification method would have the effect of toughening complexes were blended with polymer materials ,
Thereby enhancing the impact properties of polymeric materials . Such complexes known as impact modifiers , these additives is mainly used polyvinyl chloride
Ene, polystyrene and other plastics . The PVC lubricant modified method has the freedom and flexibility characteristics.
1.1
Mechanism of impact modifier
The impact modifier in the polymer research, although there are a large number of scholars have carried out a series of fruitful work , but to
Today there are some issues unresolved , so it is no unified theory. Different scholars have proposed a different interpretation ,
Summarized in the following: rubber absorbs energy theory , shear yield theory, theory of cracks , crazing shear zone management
On other . Due to the use of rubber or elastomer -modified impact of plastics material will also reduce the rigidity of the self
Since there has been replaced by rigid particles of rubber and elastomer toughened polymers ideas, and the corresponding emergence of non-
Rigid polymer particle toughening machine theory .
Rubber absorbs energy theory
Is stretched when the cross section is substantially found not shrink , thereby setting
Want to cavitation occurs inside the material and the density becomes small ( approximately 8% reduction )
Year. They think its elongation stress whitening phenomenon
Is generated within the material of the hole caused by the scattering of light . Therefore, the argument put forward : when the material strain , in its internal generated a lot of very fine cracks , then there must be a
Of rubber particles across the crack , thus preventing rapid crack
Rapid expansion , while the rubber particles in its consumption of energy during deformation due
, Thereby improving the toughness of the material . As shown, located
Rubber particles in a growth of the crack face , such that material by
To break the impact absorbed energy equal to the PVC profile stabilizer Brittle Fracture
We can add on to be broken rubber particles acting combined. While
Explained tensile yield , must assume the formation of a large number of micro- cracks in the rubber particles absorb energy schematic
And each micro-cracks were blocked by rubber particles , micro-cracks are adjacent the substrate a thin layer of polystyrene are separated . Thus, a large tensile strain can be micro- cracks open, the rubber particles are
Elongated and polystyrene layers bend to achieve. Accordingly, they assume that the rubber particles have a "bridge " effect as well as particles having a high flexibility and good adhesion to the substrate with the premise . This theory is that it is the lack of attention to the rubber , while ignoring the polymer matrix . Toughened polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride is concerned, both in the fracture behavior of a significant difference , which is not easy to explain the theory of micro-cracks
2013年9月21日星期六
Plasticizer industry continues to expand
Plasticizer is the world's largest production and consumption of plastic additives . . With environmental awareness around the world , pharmaceutical and food packaging, daily necessities , toys and other plastic products such as the primary plasticizer DOP of a higher purity and iron
oxide yellow hygiene requirements.
Plasticizer is the world's largest production and consumption of plastic additives . In recent years , China has become Asia plasticizer production and consumption of most countries. With environmental awareness around the world , pharmaceutical and food packaging, daily necessities , toys and other plastic products such as the primary plasticizer DOP of a higher purity and hygiene requirements. But the current domestic production of primary plasticizer in many performance especially health , low toxicity and titanium dioxide so difficult to meet environmental requirements. EU imports from China and Russia have found plastic toys originating in China some of the plastic toys found to contain toxic PVC plasticized N- a isononyl phthalate (DINP) and dibutyl phthalate ethylhexyl (DEHP, or called DOP).
For a long time mainly phthalate plasticizer products, but with the DOP in the food , pharmaceutical and industrial applications more widely , it is more and more attention to its toxicity . It was zinc borate flame retardant found that when people type in a PVC bag storage of blood, in the human body , especially in the lungs were found to have DOP products exist.
Plasticizer is the world's largest production and consumption of plastic additives . In recent years , China has become Asia plasticizer production and consumption of most countries. With environmental awareness around the world , pharmaceutical and food packaging, daily necessities , toys and other plastic products such as the primary plasticizer DOP of a higher purity and hygiene requirements. But the current domestic production of primary plasticizer in many performance especially health , low toxicity and titanium dioxide so difficult to meet environmental requirements. EU imports from China and Russia have found plastic toys originating in China some of the plastic toys found to contain toxic PVC plasticized N- a isononyl phthalate (DINP) and dibutyl phthalate ethylhexyl (DEHP, or called DOP).
For a long time mainly phthalate plasticizer products, but with the DOP in the food , pharmaceutical and industrial applications more widely , it is more and more attention to its toxicity . It was zinc borate flame retardant found that when people type in a PVC bag storage of blood, in the human body , especially in the lungs were found to have DOP products exist.
2013年9月15日星期日
plasticizer industry continues to change
Plasticizer is the world's largest production and consumption of plastic additives . In recent years, environmental awareness around the world , pharmaceutical and food packaging, daily Aluminum hydroxide necessities , toys and other plastic products such as the primary plasticizer DOP of a higher purity and hygiene requirements.
Plasticizer is the world's largest production and consumption of plastic additives . In recent years , China has become Asia plasticizer production and consumption of most countries. With environmental awareness around the world , pharmaceutical and food packaging, daily necessities , toys and other plastic products such as the primary plasticizer DOP of a higher purity and hygiene requirements. But the current domestic Chlorinated paraffin production of primary plasticizer in many performance especially health , low toxicity and so difficult to meet environmental requirements. EU imports from China and Russia have found plastic toys originating in China some of the plastic toys found to contain toxic PVC plasticized N- a isononyl phthalate (DINP) and dibutyl phthalate ethylhexyl (DEHP, or called DOP).
For a long time mainly phthalate plasticizer products, but with the DOP in the food , pharmaceutical and industrial applications more widely , it is more and more attention to its toxicity . It was stearic acid found that when people type in a PVC bag storage of blood, in the human body , especially in the lungs were found to have DOP products exist.
Plasticizer is the world's largest production and consumption of plastic additives . In recent years , China has become Asia plasticizer production and consumption of most countries. With environmental awareness around the world , pharmaceutical and food packaging, daily necessities , toys and other plastic products such as the primary plasticizer DOP of a higher purity and hygiene requirements. But the current domestic Chlorinated paraffin production of primary plasticizer in many performance especially health , low toxicity and so difficult to meet environmental requirements. EU imports from China and Russia have found plastic toys originating in China some of the plastic toys found to contain toxic PVC plasticized N- a isononyl phthalate (DINP) and dibutyl phthalate ethylhexyl (DEHP, or called DOP).
For a long time mainly phthalate plasticizer products, but with the DOP in the food , pharmaceutical and industrial applications more widely , it is more and more attention to its toxicity . It was stearic acid found that when people type in a PVC bag storage of blood, in the human body , especially in the lungs were found to have DOP products exist.
PVC plasticizer type of presentation
In the processing of PVC , the plasticizer used in applications with various additives to the largest , so it is much higher than other additives investment , even in some formulations softer material than the main raw material of vinyl chloride resin investments. Therefore, the importance of a plasticizer selected without saying lose.
The choice of plasticizers
PVC is a highly polar polymer , a great intermolecular force , to be heated to a certain temperature in order to show aluminium stearate the plastic . PVC strong intermolecular forces to make products become hard and inflexible and flexibility. The role of a plasticizer PVC to weaken the force between molecules , thereby reducing the softening temperature , reducing the melt viscosity , increase mobility and improve the processing properties of PVC and products of flexibility.
Less volatile plasticizer is usually a high boiling ester , a few are a low melting solid , they do not generally react with PVC . Conditions of use of plasticizers with the resin has good compatibility , low price, high plasticization efficiency , plasticized speed, durability ( low volatility Yi shift is small, high extraction resistance ) , environmental stability good ( light, heat resistance, bacterial resistance, chemical resistance and flame retardant ) , health is good ( to people, livestock and crops, non-toxic, non- polluting , tasteless ) , electrical insulation , good viscosity stability is good. However, a plasticizer does not satisfy all the conditions . In actual use , the majority is composed of two or more and for each other, to get the best plasticizing effect and achieve perfect performance requirements. Plasticizer in a formulation used to make the products have reached the optimum value of all the performance is impossible, therefore , to ensure that the choice of plasticizer when the first major performance requirements. Such as children's toys and food packaging and other requirements are mainly non-toxic , beautiful appearance ; plastic sheeting requirements Azodicarbonamide harmless to crops , light , heat ; wire and cable materials are the main requirements and good electrical insulation . In addition to these requirements, the plasticizer should also focus on the selection of the following factors : PVC resin performance ; product performance required ; plasticizer processing adaptability , cost . Consider the performance of the plasticizer itself , compatibility of the plasticizer most important, it is a plasticizer selected fundamental factors must be considered . Plasticizer and resin compatibility, then plasticized high efficiency , plasticizers no segregation, no exudation , product flexibility and long service life . In the production practice , plasticizers in polymers mainly based on the compatibility with the test quality and experience to determine. Compatibility evaluation method is simple plasticizers, resins , and a suitable solvent by mixing , to prepare a homogeneous solution was slowly cast into a film , its transparency is observed to judge. Homogeneous transparent film represents good compatibility , fuzzy means poor compatibility . Another method plasticizer PVC resin by mixing uniformly heated to plasticizing was cooled to room temperature, and observe any signs of exudate. No description plasticizer exudation good compatibility , oozing plasticizer compatibility explained more worse . According to a general rule, the more similar the easier it immiscible polar . Thus , the solubility parameter of the plasticizer and resin solubility parameter closer . Both compatibility as possible. Dielectric constant is a function of molecular polarity , dipole moment , and it is subject to great influence of hydrogen bonds . Determine the dielectric constant can be used as a plasticizer compatibility parameter. According to the solubility parameter of PVC , plasticizers generally used 8.4-11.4 solubility parameter , dielectric constant of 4-8.
A wide variety of plasticizers
Phthalate, di (2 - ethylhexyl ) ester referred to DOP, English name Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. It is phthalic anhydride , and 2 - ethylhexanol the ester obtained as a colorless or light yellow transparent oily liquid. There are two special smell octyl , molecular weight 391 , acid value (mgKOH / g) ≤ 0.10, ester content of 99% -100 % , the relative density of 0.980-0.986 (25 ℃), the viscosity of 80cp (20 ℃), refractive index 1.4830 - 1.4859 (20 ℃), volume resistivity of 1 × 1011Ω · cm. DOP is plastic processing one of the most widely used plasticizer , with excellent overall performance. DOP plasticized high efficiency, low volatility , resistance to ultraviolet light, water extraction , Yi shift is small , and cold resistance, flexibility and electrical performance so well, is a kind of ideal primary plasticizer , but also domestic consumption maximum plasticizer. In Hong Kong, Taiwan and foreign advanced production regions due octanol and price issues and debate on the issue DOP carcinogenic , it has been gradually replaced by other plasticizers . Di-n -butyl phthalate referred DBP, English name Di-n-butylphthalate, from phthalic anhydride and n-butanol esterification colorless oily liquid with an aromatic flavor. Jacket , plastic sheeting . This product is heated and easy to change , with the phenolic antioxidants ( such as bisphenol A) and used to improve this performance.
Phthalate isononylphtalate referred DINP, English name Dinonylphthalate. It is composed of phthalic anhydride with Oxo get nonanol ( mainly 3,5,5 - trimethyl- ethanol ) esterification colorless liquid , molecular weight 419 , acidity ( o- phthalic acid ) < 0.025% ester content of > 99% , the relative density of 0.965-0.972 (25 ℃), viscosity 78-120cp (20 ℃), flash point 219 ℃, refractive index 1.4812 (25 ℃). This product is mainly used as a general-purpose vinyl resin plasticizer , low volatility, Yi shift is small , can give products a good light resistance, heat resistance, aging resistance and electrical insulation. This product is water extractable than DOP good, but Stabilizers for pipe not as plasticizing efficiency DOP, cold resistance is also poor , not for low temperature applications products. As prices and superior quality reasons DOP, now Hong Kong and Taiwan and foreign advanced countries and regions as the primary plasticizer used to replace DOP use .
Paraffin English name is chlorinated-paraffin, chlorinated paraffin is obtained , having a similar structure of PVC , is a kind of incremental plasticizer. This product is volatile , electrically insulating excellent flame , to give the products a certain luster and tensile strength , can be used as an auxiliary plasticizer PVC resin , replacing part of the main plasticizer to reduce costs. Chlorinated paraffins susceptible to thermal decomposition processing , release hydrogen chloride , hydrogen chloride can catalyze the degradation of PVC resin accelerate decomposition. Therefore, the use of chlorinated paraffin , should match the appropriate thermal stabilizers to prevent decomposition. In addition , the compatibility with PVC, chlorinated paraffin poor elongation and cold products is poor.
Poly- α- methyl styrene resin English called poly α-methystyremeresin. By α- methyl styrene polymerization, has excellent thermal stability, chemical resistance and electrical properties. Its Yat shift is small, suitable for all kinds of PVC products, the general amount of 10% -20% , the product can improve the electrical insulation products , improve product appearance features and smooth feel .
The choice of plasticizers
PVC is a highly polar polymer , a great intermolecular force , to be heated to a certain temperature in order to show aluminium stearate the plastic . PVC strong intermolecular forces to make products become hard and inflexible and flexibility. The role of a plasticizer PVC to weaken the force between molecules , thereby reducing the softening temperature , reducing the melt viscosity , increase mobility and improve the processing properties of PVC and products of flexibility.
Less volatile plasticizer is usually a high boiling ester , a few are a low melting solid , they do not generally react with PVC . Conditions of use of plasticizers with the resin has good compatibility , low price, high plasticization efficiency , plasticized speed, durability ( low volatility Yi shift is small, high extraction resistance ) , environmental stability good ( light, heat resistance, bacterial resistance, chemical resistance and flame retardant ) , health is good ( to people, livestock and crops, non-toxic, non- polluting , tasteless ) , electrical insulation , good viscosity stability is good. However, a plasticizer does not satisfy all the conditions . In actual use , the majority is composed of two or more and for each other, to get the best plasticizing effect and achieve perfect performance requirements. Plasticizer in a formulation used to make the products have reached the optimum value of all the performance is impossible, therefore , to ensure that the choice of plasticizer when the first major performance requirements. Such as children's toys and food packaging and other requirements are mainly non-toxic , beautiful appearance ; plastic sheeting requirements Azodicarbonamide harmless to crops , light , heat ; wire and cable materials are the main requirements and good electrical insulation . In addition to these requirements, the plasticizer should also focus on the selection of the following factors : PVC resin performance ; product performance required ; plasticizer processing adaptability , cost . Consider the performance of the plasticizer itself , compatibility of the plasticizer most important, it is a plasticizer selected fundamental factors must be considered . Plasticizer and resin compatibility, then plasticized high efficiency , plasticizers no segregation, no exudation , product flexibility and long service life . In the production practice , plasticizers in polymers mainly based on the compatibility with the test quality and experience to determine. Compatibility evaluation method is simple plasticizers, resins , and a suitable solvent by mixing , to prepare a homogeneous solution was slowly cast into a film , its transparency is observed to judge. Homogeneous transparent film represents good compatibility , fuzzy means poor compatibility . Another method plasticizer PVC resin by mixing uniformly heated to plasticizing was cooled to room temperature, and observe any signs of exudate. No description plasticizer exudation good compatibility , oozing plasticizer compatibility explained more worse . According to a general rule, the more similar the easier it immiscible polar . Thus , the solubility parameter of the plasticizer and resin solubility parameter closer . Both compatibility as possible. Dielectric constant is a function of molecular polarity , dipole moment , and it is subject to great influence of hydrogen bonds . Determine the dielectric constant can be used as a plasticizer compatibility parameter. According to the solubility parameter of PVC , plasticizers generally used 8.4-11.4 solubility parameter , dielectric constant of 4-8.
A wide variety of plasticizers
Phthalate, di (2 - ethylhexyl ) ester referred to DOP, English name Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. It is phthalic anhydride , and 2 - ethylhexanol the ester obtained as a colorless or light yellow transparent oily liquid. There are two special smell octyl , molecular weight 391 , acid value (mgKOH / g) ≤ 0.10, ester content of 99% -100 % , the relative density of 0.980-0.986 (25 ℃), the viscosity of 80cp (20 ℃), refractive index 1.4830 - 1.4859 (20 ℃), volume resistivity of 1 × 1011Ω · cm. DOP is plastic processing one of the most widely used plasticizer , with excellent overall performance. DOP plasticized high efficiency, low volatility , resistance to ultraviolet light, water extraction , Yi shift is small , and cold resistance, flexibility and electrical performance so well, is a kind of ideal primary plasticizer , but also domestic consumption maximum plasticizer. In Hong Kong, Taiwan and foreign advanced production regions due octanol and price issues and debate on the issue DOP carcinogenic , it has been gradually replaced by other plasticizers . Di-n -butyl phthalate referred DBP, English name Di-n-butylphthalate, from phthalic anhydride and n-butanol esterification colorless oily liquid with an aromatic flavor. Jacket , plastic sheeting . This product is heated and easy to change , with the phenolic antioxidants ( such as bisphenol A) and used to improve this performance.
Phthalate isononylphtalate referred DINP, English name Dinonylphthalate. It is composed of phthalic anhydride with Oxo get nonanol ( mainly 3,5,5 - trimethyl- ethanol ) esterification colorless liquid , molecular weight 419 , acidity ( o- phthalic acid ) < 0.025% ester content of > 99% , the relative density of 0.965-0.972 (25 ℃), viscosity 78-120cp (20 ℃), flash point 219 ℃, refractive index 1.4812 (25 ℃). This product is mainly used as a general-purpose vinyl resin plasticizer , low volatility, Yi shift is small , can give products a good light resistance, heat resistance, aging resistance and electrical insulation. This product is water extractable than DOP good, but Stabilizers for pipe not as plasticizing efficiency DOP, cold resistance is also poor , not for low temperature applications products. As prices and superior quality reasons DOP, now Hong Kong and Taiwan and foreign advanced countries and regions as the primary plasticizer used to replace DOP use .
Paraffin English name is chlorinated-paraffin, chlorinated paraffin is obtained , having a similar structure of PVC , is a kind of incremental plasticizer. This product is volatile , electrically insulating excellent flame , to give the products a certain luster and tensile strength , can be used as an auxiliary plasticizer PVC resin , replacing part of the main plasticizer to reduce costs. Chlorinated paraffins susceptible to thermal decomposition processing , release hydrogen chloride , hydrogen chloride can catalyze the degradation of PVC resin accelerate decomposition. Therefore, the use of chlorinated paraffin , should match the appropriate thermal stabilizers to prevent decomposition. In addition , the compatibility with PVC, chlorinated paraffin poor elongation and cold products is poor.
Poly- α- methyl styrene resin English called poly α-methystyremeresin. By α- methyl styrene polymerization, has excellent thermal stability, chemical resistance and electrical properties. Its Yat shift is small, suitable for all kinds of PVC products, the general amount of 10% -20% , the product can improve the electrical insulation products , improve product appearance features and smooth feel .
2013年9月13日星期五
PVC heat stabilizers commonly used test method
To introduce PVC heat stabilizers are two common test methods. A process called : Torque Rheometer test method ; second is called roll blackening pilot testing method .
PVC heat stabilizers torque plastic flame retardant rheometer test method
Mimic the actual torque rheometer PVC processing a typical small pilot-type apparatus . Outside of the instrument a closed processing tank , connected to the instrument by the computer can control the machining tank temperature, and within two roll speed , torque rheometer added quality of materials is generally 60 ~ 80 g, depending on the apparatus and different models . Experimental steps of: preparing in advance with different thermal stabilizer masterbatch based on PVC masterbatch formulation , in addition to other ships and ACR, CPE, CaCO3, TiO2, lubricants and the like . Torque Rheometer advance the set temperature , when the temperature rose to specify and steady speed , will be weighed mixture added processing chamber , quickly closed records aluminium stearate on a computer connected to a variety of parameters , namely flow curve . After processing , you can also get different extrudate physical characteristics , such as whiteness, whether shaping , smoothness and so on. These parameters can determine the corresponding potential industrial heat stabilizers , heat stabilizers suitable shall have suitable torque and plasticizing time of the extrudate should be preferably molded and whiteness, surface smoothing . Torque rheometer in laboratory studies and between industrialized mass production to build a convenient bridge.
PVC heat stabilizers roll blackening test
Determination of thermal stability as a PVC stabilizer for fittings dynamic effect of a class of helper methods , dynamic two-roll used in the absence of the rheometer , the experiment instrument select double rolled sheet , which together with the high-speed mixed powder , compression molding , the resulting samples were subjected to extruded repeatedly until the black test piece until completely black record time , the time is called blackening . Blackening by comparing the length of time to determine the type of thermal stabilizer effect of the thermal stability of PVC .
PVC heat stabilizers torque plastic flame retardant rheometer test method
Mimic the actual torque rheometer PVC processing a typical small pilot-type apparatus . Outside of the instrument a closed processing tank , connected to the instrument by the computer can control the machining tank temperature, and within two roll speed , torque rheometer added quality of materials is generally 60 ~ 80 g, depending on the apparatus and different models . Experimental steps of: preparing in advance with different thermal stabilizer masterbatch based on PVC masterbatch formulation , in addition to other ships and ACR, CPE, CaCO3, TiO2, lubricants and the like . Torque Rheometer advance the set temperature , when the temperature rose to specify and steady speed , will be weighed mixture added processing chamber , quickly closed records aluminium stearate on a computer connected to a variety of parameters , namely flow curve . After processing , you can also get different extrudate physical characteristics , such as whiteness, whether shaping , smoothness and so on. These parameters can determine the corresponding potential industrial heat stabilizers , heat stabilizers suitable shall have suitable torque and plasticizing time of the extrudate should be preferably molded and whiteness, surface smoothing . Torque rheometer in laboratory studies and between industrialized mass production to build a convenient bridge.
PVC heat stabilizers roll blackening test
Determination of thermal stability as a PVC stabilizer for fittings dynamic effect of a class of helper methods , dynamic two-roll used in the absence of the rheometer , the experiment instrument select double rolled sheet , which together with the high-speed mixed powder , compression molding , the resulting samples were subjected to extruded repeatedly until the black test piece until completely black record time , the time is called blackening . Blackening by comparing the length of time to determine the type of thermal stabilizer effect of the thermal stability of PVC .
2013年9月11日星期三
metal soaps major concepts waterproofing agent
Metal soaps waterproofing agents known to avoid water slurry, based fatty acid soap , sodium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, etc. variety of organic compounds , inorganic complex composition, a low molecular polyethylene waterproof , moisture , enhance and plasticization .
Metal soaps Appearance Milky white liquid waterproofing agent , a plasticizing effect, can reduce the water-cement ratio , after mixed with cement to form insoluble substances, the mortar filling small gap and clogging the capillary channel walls forming hydrophobic membrane , to improve cement mortar compactness and impermeability .
Second, the formulation and acrylic processing production process
Recipe: stearic acid ( 4.10% ) , sodium carbonate ( 0.15% ) , potassium hydroxide ( 0.72% ) , ammonia ( 3.16% ) and water ( 91.87% ) .
Production process:
First, the acid heated to melt on the pot , and then 1/ 2 the amount of water in the other pot was heated to 50-60 ℃, followed by adding sodium carbonate and kept constant .
Good will melt slowly adding stearic acid and quickly stir, this time will produce a lot of bubbles , to prevent overflow. All will be half of stearic acid added slowly added to the iron oxide red stirred water into soap .
When the soap is cooled to below 30 ℃ by adding a certain amount of ammonia stir, then use soap 0.6mm sieve sieve to remove blocks , granules and foam , the filtrate in a sealed plastic drum in a cool Department store .
Metal soaps Appearance Milky white liquid waterproofing agent , a plasticizing effect, can reduce the water-cement ratio , after mixed with cement to form insoluble substances, the mortar filling small gap and clogging the capillary channel walls forming hydrophobic membrane , to improve cement mortar compactness and impermeability .
Second, the formulation and acrylic processing production process
Recipe: stearic acid ( 4.10% ) , sodium carbonate ( 0.15% ) , potassium hydroxide ( 0.72% ) , ammonia ( 3.16% ) and water ( 91.87% ) .
Production process:
First, the acid heated to melt on the pot , and then 1/ 2 the amount of water in the other pot was heated to 50-60 ℃, followed by adding sodium carbonate and kept constant .
Good will melt slowly adding stearic acid and quickly stir, this time will produce a lot of bubbles , to prevent overflow. All will be half of stearic acid added slowly added to the iron oxide red stirred water into soap .
When the soap is cooled to below 30 ℃ by adding a certain amount of ammonia stir, then use soap 0.6mm sieve sieve to remove blocks , granules and foam , the filtrate in a sealed plastic drum in a cool Department store .
2013年9月8日星期日
fluorescent dye some introductory
A fluorescent dye is a dye , such as certain types of vitamins (A, B2), biological pigments, lipids , elastic fiber, etc. autofluorescence under the microscope and imaging effects color effects are very weak, but significant as the time is short . Some organisms in the shortwave spectrum chemical composition under irradiation spontaneously excited fluorescence , called autofluorescence (Primaryfluorescence). Such dibasic lead stearate as certain types of vitamins (A, B2), biological pigments, lipids , elastic fiber, etc. autofluorescence under the microscope and imaging effects color effects are very weak , and the imaging time is short . Biological specimens treated with a fluorescent dye after irradiation in the shortwave spectrum can inspire brilliant fluorescence , called secondary fluorescence, secondary fluorescence imaging effect color effects and very strong . So it occupies in fluorescence microscopy techniques most important position. Today synthesized in fluorescence microscopy techniques more efficient fluorescent dye , to develop more specific markers , fluorescent dye and the excitation wavelength of the variable relationship between the fluorescence intensity and quantitative determination of chromosome staining fluorescence scanning , etc. are classified material exploring the direction
Fluorescent pigments can be divided into three general categories .
1 fluorescent dye such alkaline plastic additive dye in an acidic solution easily dissociate . The fluorescence component with a positive charge . So that is able and biological specimens acidic ion- binding group . In alkaline solution in a non- dissociated state.
2 Acid fluorescent dye in alkaline solution easily dissociated components of the fluorescence with a negative electrical charge.
3 fluorescent dye acidic neutral or weak alkaline electrically neutral dye fluorescent dye in the staining process of dissociation no practical significance. This pigment is used for display macromolecular structures .
Using a fluorescent dye vast areas, particularly for example mineral oil in mineralogy identified impurities , optical glass industry classification identified in quartz sand , hydrogeology identified magnesium hydroxide reservoir leakage , forensic detection of blood, semen stains , mechanical industry to check metal cracks , classical art and fake identification, bacteriology , virology , immunology , oncology , genetics, fiber textile industry and various other specialized fluorescence techniques can be applied .
Fluorescent pigments can be divided into three general categories .
1 fluorescent dye such alkaline plastic additive dye in an acidic solution easily dissociate . The fluorescence component with a positive charge . So that is able and biological specimens acidic ion- binding group . In alkaline solution in a non- dissociated state.
2 Acid fluorescent dye in alkaline solution easily dissociated components of the fluorescence with a negative electrical charge.
3 fluorescent dye acidic neutral or weak alkaline electrically neutral dye fluorescent dye in the staining process of dissociation no practical significance. This pigment is used for display macromolecular structures .
Using a fluorescent dye vast areas, particularly for example mineral oil in mineralogy identified impurities , optical glass industry classification identified in quartz sand , hydrogeology identified magnesium hydroxide reservoir leakage , forensic detection of blood, semen stains , mechanical industry to check metal cracks , classical art and fake identification, bacteriology , virology , immunology , oncology , genetics, fiber textile industry and various other specialized fluorescence techniques can be applied .
2013年9月1日星期日
Fluorescent Brightener 207 Fluorescent Material Identification
Fluorescent Brightener ] fluorescent material identification diamond ring ring care Material Identification Method One: sensory testing the quality of wedding ring .
Look diamond color [ 1 ] : gold is yellow , K gold yellow , red , and white multicolor, while imitation gold PVC heat stabilizer for profile products , mostly copper alloy, lighter in color . Weigh weight : Gold accounted for 19.3g/cm3 considerably higher than the proportion of imitation gold products , such as a gold ring is 5 grams, while the same size imitation gold products generally less than 3 grams.
Diamond ring ring care Material Identification Method Two: Check mark.
Origin should play with precious metal jewelry , manufacturers , materials and content mark, unimpressed product is substandard products. Inspection agencies such as quality problems can be carbon black powder detected according to Mark to give judgment . Consumers want to buy according to their own needs imprint brands and different gold gold jewelry.
Diamond ring ring care Material Identification Method three : Professional bodies have been identified .
If you need to know exactly the content of precious metal jewelry or a quality dispute should go to the jewelry quality inspection agency , the use of physical or chemical analysis methods were identified. Need to check carefully when buying jewelry inlaid stone , welding is solid without fracture , glitches , such as trachoma . Diamond ring ring care Material Identification Method four : Platinum 950 Platinum 900 difference.
Platinum abbreviated PT, we basically know PT950, generally platinum oxidized polyehtylene ring is used for this type of material means any material containing 95% platinum jewelry components , and the remaining 5% for other precious metals, imprint of Pt950. Relative T900 containing 90% platinum jewelry components , and the remaining 10% for other precious metals, imprint of Pt900. More hard suited diamonds PT900 , PT950 relatively pure and soft , higher purity , more preservation. Most are Pt900 platinum setting , but there are a few vendors with Pt950 production setting.
Look diamond color [ 1 ] : gold is yellow , K gold yellow , red , and white multicolor, while imitation gold PVC heat stabilizer for profile products , mostly copper alloy, lighter in color . Weigh weight : Gold accounted for 19.3g/cm3 considerably higher than the proportion of imitation gold products , such as a gold ring is 5 grams, while the same size imitation gold products generally less than 3 grams.
Diamond ring ring care Material Identification Method Two: Check mark.
Origin should play with precious metal jewelry , manufacturers , materials and content mark, unimpressed product is substandard products. Inspection agencies such as quality problems can be carbon black powder detected according to Mark to give judgment . Consumers want to buy according to their own needs imprint brands and different gold gold jewelry.
Diamond ring ring care Material Identification Method three : Professional bodies have been identified .
If you need to know exactly the content of precious metal jewelry or a quality dispute should go to the jewelry quality inspection agency , the use of physical or chemical analysis methods were identified. Need to check carefully when buying jewelry inlaid stone , welding is solid without fracture , glitches , such as trachoma . Diamond ring ring care Material Identification Method four : Platinum 950 Platinum 900 difference.
Platinum abbreviated PT, we basically know PT950, generally platinum oxidized polyehtylene ring is used for this type of material means any material containing 95% platinum jewelry components , and the remaining 5% for other precious metals, imprint of Pt950. Relative T900 containing 90% platinum jewelry components , and the remaining 10% for other precious metals, imprint of Pt900. More hard suited diamonds PT900 , PT950 relatively pure and soft , higher purity , more preservation. Most are Pt900 platinum setting , but there are a few vendors with Pt950 production setting.
2013年8月25日星期日
Metal soaps waterproofing agent
Waterproofing agents of metal soaps soluble metal soaps waterproofing agent and a metal soap asphalt waterproofing agent II. Soluble metal soaps
Class waterproofing agent is stearic acid, potassium hydroxide, ammonia and water, by mixing the tribasic lead sulfate heat saponification preparation, mixed
The cement mortar or concrete, the cement particles and aggregates can form a hydrophobic adsorption layer and between the formation of insoluble matter, from the
Fill tiny pores and clogging the capillary channel effect. Bituminous waterproofing agent is a metal soap liquid petroleum asphalt, stone
Ash and water, mixing, grinding is made by drying, mixed in cement mortar and concrete, mainly from the fill tiny pores and blocking
Cypriot capillary channel effect. Within the mixed metal soaps waterproofing agents for concrete waterproofing and resistance to chloride ion effect study
Concrete is a porous material, a pore size in the nanometer to millimeter. If the surface in contact with the aqueous solution through
Wicking adsorbed to the titanium dioxide surface of concrete and further penetrate into the concrete; same time, harmful substances in solution,
Such as chloride ions, sulfate ions, it is easy to transport water into the concrete, a reinforced concrete structure serious
Corrosion damage [1]. At present, domestic and foreign has been widely adopted penetration waterproofing agent on the concrete surface water treatment
[2], but using the traditional processing methods, waterproofing agent, the penetration depth is very limited, in some special cases the anti-
Water, the effect is not very satisfactory. If you can mortar or concrete waterproofing agent is used as a component incorporated therein, then the protective
Would be better, this approach is within the mixed water treatment. This paper mainly uses four different types, two kinds of different doping
Amount of metal soap, add it to the pvc additive concrete mix to compare, test and research within the mixed metal soap of concrete anti-
Compressive strength, water absorption coefficient by capillarity, and anti-invasive ability of chloride ion. Raw materials and the preparation of the specimen
Test the water-cement ratio concrete specimens was 0.5, see the detailed mix. Raw materials used in the experiment are from Qingdao local,
Wherein the maximum particle size of gravel 25mm, sand fineness modulus of
Class waterproofing agent is stearic acid, potassium hydroxide, ammonia and water, by mixing the tribasic lead sulfate heat saponification preparation, mixed
The cement mortar or concrete, the cement particles and aggregates can form a hydrophobic adsorption layer and between the formation of insoluble matter, from the
Fill tiny pores and clogging the capillary channel effect. Bituminous waterproofing agent is a metal soap liquid petroleum asphalt, stone
Ash and water, mixing, grinding is made by drying, mixed in cement mortar and concrete, mainly from the fill tiny pores and blocking
Cypriot capillary channel effect. Within the mixed metal soaps waterproofing agents for concrete waterproofing and resistance to chloride ion effect study
Concrete is a porous material, a pore size in the nanometer to millimeter. If the surface in contact with the aqueous solution through
Wicking adsorbed to the titanium dioxide surface of concrete and further penetrate into the concrete; same time, harmful substances in solution,
Such as chloride ions, sulfate ions, it is easy to transport water into the concrete, a reinforced concrete structure serious
Corrosion damage [1]. At present, domestic and foreign has been widely adopted penetration waterproofing agent on the concrete surface water treatment
[2], but using the traditional processing methods, waterproofing agent, the penetration depth is very limited, in some special cases the anti-
Water, the effect is not very satisfactory. If you can mortar or concrete waterproofing agent is used as a component incorporated therein, then the protective
Would be better, this approach is within the mixed water treatment. This paper mainly uses four different types, two kinds of different doping
Amount of metal soap, add it to the pvc additive concrete mix to compare, test and research within the mixed metal soap of concrete anti-
Compressive strength, water absorption coefficient by capillarity, and anti-invasive ability of chloride ion. Raw materials and the preparation of the specimen
Test the water-cement ratio concrete specimens was 0.5, see the detailed mix. Raw materials used in the experiment are from Qingdao local,
Wherein the maximum particle size of gravel 25mm, sand fineness modulus of
2013年8月19日星期一
anti-rust paint with non-toxic paint Research Progress
Metals and their alloys applications throughout all areas of the national
economy. According to statistics, the global annual metal loss due to
corrosion caused by the tin stabilizer annual metal production capacity of up to 20% to
40%, about earthquakes, floods, typhoons and other natural disasters, the
sum of six times, resulting in huge economic losses. Meanwhile metal
corrosion damage of equipment and facilities will also affect the stability
of production and disrupt people's lives in order and even lead to
accidents resulting in personal injury. Therefore, the metal corrosion is
very important [1-3]. Organic coatings against corrosion has become by far
the most effective, most economical and most common method [4], with
excellent performance, ease of manufacture, low price and a number of other
methods can not match advantage. And more attention to environmental
protection today, the development of new anti-rust paint environmental
pollution became one of the trends [5,6].
Anti-rust paint anti-rust paint varieties and dosage, as well as with
anti-rust paint binder resin interactions occurring protective properties
of the coating greatly affected [7]. The traditional use of the anti-rust
paint coatings containing more chromium, lead, cadmium and other pigments
such as red lead, lead oxide, and dibutyl phthalate zinc, barium, lead chromate, with its
mixture of the coating while having good anti-corrosion , but in itself
toxic, and in the production and use of the process will pollute the
environment and health hazards, many countries have strict restrictions on
the use [8]. Therefore, the development of non-toxic anti-rust paint and
coatings efficiently has become imperative. Researchers at home and abroad
have developed a phosphates, molybdates, borates and flake pigments and
other non-toxic and efficient anti-rust paint .
This article describes a variety of non-toxic anti-rust paint corrosion
mechanism and application progress, according to their mechanism of action
divided into: ① physical rust paint; ② chemical rust paint; ③ both
physical and chemical mechanisms of the integrated anti-rust rust-
preventive pigment.
A physical anti-rust paint
Physical rust pigment itself more stable chemical properties, its anti
-rust pigment itself instead of relying on the mechanism of chemical
activity, but they have to rely on physical properties. Conventional non-
toxic physical rust red iron oxide pigments, mica iron oxide, mica, glass
flake, stainless steel scales, such as aluminum and aluminum paste.
1.1 Iron oxide red
Short red iron oxide red, formula Fe2O3, its crystalline phase with α
-Fe2O3 (used as pigments) and γ-Fe2O3 (used as a magnetic material), and
its crystal structure due to different methods of synthesis, there are
cubic, spherical, needle like type, hexagonal, diamond-and hexagonal
platelets. Red iron oxide is not soluble in water, alkali and acid, only in
the case of heating to dissolve in concentrated acid, insoluble in an
organic solvent and an organic base material, high heat resistance, α-
Fe2O3 general heat resistance up to 1200 ℃. Iron oxide red pigments are
inert, iron oxide pigments in the aluminum hydroxide most stable, with good weather
resistance, light, water, and the role of the atmosphere is stable, and can
strongly absorb ultraviolet radiation, leaving the protected goods from red
iron UV damage. For rust in the system is based on its dense coating of the
items covered by the shielding effect from physics [13,14], while iron red
rust on the substrate have the ability, the ability of polluted gases,
alkali, coloring force, hiding power. Due to low prices, is used widely in
rust, but the rust resistance 1.2 micaceous iron oxide
Micaceous iron oxide, the main chemical ingredient of α-Fe2O3, is
hexagonal single crystal flake, mica flake as having similar structures, so
called micaceous iron oxide. Its chemical stability, non-toxic and
tasteless, high temperature, UV, also has anti-chalking, rust resistance,
alkali resistance, salt spray resistance, weather resistance and excellent
performance [15].
MIO MIO divided into natural and synthetic micaceous iron oxide two kinds.
Natural micaceous iron oxide is made from natural minerals (eg iron ore)
crushing, sorting, crushing derived, heat resistance up to 800 ℃ or more,
contain more impurities, particle size distribution is uneven. Most of the
world use natural micaceous iron oxide. The synthetic micaceous iron oxide
due to high purity, particle size distribution, with a sense of three-
dimensional sense of strong light, heat resistance is even higher than the
natural micaceous iron oxide
economy. According to statistics, the global annual metal loss due to
corrosion caused by the tin stabilizer annual metal production capacity of up to 20% to
40%, about earthquakes, floods, typhoons and other natural disasters, the
sum of six times, resulting in huge economic losses. Meanwhile metal
corrosion damage of equipment and facilities will also affect the stability
of production and disrupt people's lives in order and even lead to
accidents resulting in personal injury. Therefore, the metal corrosion is
very important [1-3]. Organic coatings against corrosion has become by far
the most effective, most economical and most common method [4], with
excellent performance, ease of manufacture, low price and a number of other
methods can not match advantage. And more attention to environmental
protection today, the development of new anti-rust paint environmental
pollution became one of the trends [5,6].
Anti-rust paint anti-rust paint varieties and dosage, as well as with
anti-rust paint binder resin interactions occurring protective properties
of the coating greatly affected [7]. The traditional use of the anti-rust
paint coatings containing more chromium, lead, cadmium and other pigments
such as red lead, lead oxide, and dibutyl phthalate zinc, barium, lead chromate, with its
mixture of the coating while having good anti-corrosion , but in itself
toxic, and in the production and use of the process will pollute the
environment and health hazards, many countries have strict restrictions on
the use [8]. Therefore, the development of non-toxic anti-rust paint and
coatings efficiently has become imperative. Researchers at home and abroad
have developed a phosphates, molybdates, borates and flake pigments and
other non-toxic and efficient anti-rust paint .
This article describes a variety of non-toxic anti-rust paint corrosion
mechanism and application progress, according to their mechanism of action
divided into: ① physical rust paint; ② chemical rust paint; ③ both
physical and chemical mechanisms of the integrated anti-rust rust-
preventive pigment.
A physical anti-rust paint
Physical rust pigment itself more stable chemical properties, its anti
-rust pigment itself instead of relying on the mechanism of chemical
activity, but they have to rely on physical properties. Conventional non-
toxic physical rust red iron oxide pigments, mica iron oxide, mica, glass
flake, stainless steel scales, such as aluminum and aluminum paste.
1.1 Iron oxide red
Short red iron oxide red, formula Fe2O3, its crystalline phase with α
-Fe2O3 (used as pigments) and γ-Fe2O3 (used as a magnetic material), and
its crystal structure due to different methods of synthesis, there are
cubic, spherical, needle like type, hexagonal, diamond-and hexagonal
platelets. Red iron oxide is not soluble in water, alkali and acid, only in
the case of heating to dissolve in concentrated acid, insoluble in an
organic solvent and an organic base material, high heat resistance, α-
Fe2O3 general heat resistance up to 1200 ℃. Iron oxide red pigments are
inert, iron oxide pigments in the aluminum hydroxide most stable, with good weather
resistance, light, water, and the role of the atmosphere is stable, and can
strongly absorb ultraviolet radiation, leaving the protected goods from red
iron UV damage. For rust in the system is based on its dense coating of the
items covered by the shielding effect from physics [13,14], while iron red
rust on the substrate have the ability, the ability of polluted gases,
alkali, coloring force, hiding power. Due to low prices, is used widely in
rust, but the rust resistance 1.2 micaceous iron oxide
Micaceous iron oxide, the main chemical ingredient of α-Fe2O3, is
hexagonal single crystal flake, mica flake as having similar structures, so
called micaceous iron oxide. Its chemical stability, non-toxic and
tasteless, high temperature, UV, also has anti-chalking, rust resistance,
alkali resistance, salt spray resistance, weather resistance and excellent
performance [15].
MIO MIO divided into natural and synthetic micaceous iron oxide two kinds.
Natural micaceous iron oxide is made from natural minerals (eg iron ore)
crushing, sorting, crushing derived, heat resistance up to 800 ℃ or more,
contain more impurities, particle size distribution is uneven. Most of the
world use natural micaceous iron oxide. The synthetic micaceous iron oxide
due to high purity, particle size distribution, with a sense of three-
dimensional sense of strong light, heat resistance is even higher than the
natural micaceous iron oxide
2013年8月11日星期日
wetting dispersing aids application
Application of wetting dispersing aids
The base of the pigment in the paint wetting and dispersing is an important process in the manufacture of paints, paint wetting dispersing additives on the quality of a great movie
Rang. Wet grinding and dispersion of dispersing agents can shorten the time and reduce energy consumption, to ensure a steady state dispersion coating, the coating of the many performance plays a decisive role.
Pigment dispersion is a group of the aluminium distearate secondary particles and agglomerates of aggregates broken into finer abrasive particles or primary particle size, it
Become a stable dispersion suspension. Yan moist grain: It is the process of changing the surface properties of the pigment, the pigment surface remove adsorbed water and air, to change its polarity, lower liquid / solid interface between the tension and increase the affinity for pigments and paints. Humectant is in the role of this phase additives. Wetting agent is to improve the effectiveness of the pigment dispersing surfactant wetting agent. It
Pigment surface has a strong affinity. Orientation can be adsorbed on the surface of the pigment, pigment surface adsorbate substituted: water and air. Enhance the affinity of paints and pigments, pigment in paints shorten grinding dispersion time. Because the pigment surface run process is actually a replacement project pigment wetting agent should be and therefore has a strong affinity for the pigment. The dispersion process, formed by mechanical grinding paint pigment fine particles and form a uniform suspension, the external force, to maintain a stable dispersion state is usually referred to as dispersed phase, also known as stabilization phase, the dispersant is at this stage play The additive effect. Dispersing agent is able to maintain a stable dispersion coating to improve the surface-active substances. Adding a dispersing agent in the coating can be pulverized into fine particles adsorbed on the pigment surface, constituting an adsorption layer, the charge-generating steric repulsion effect of the air to prevent re-dispersed pigment particles form harmful flocculation, can be maintained in a stable suspension system state. Dispersant of general
Large child, and can form a thick adsorption layer. Dispersant if used properly, can not only prevent pigment settling, the paint has
Good storage stability, but also to improve leveling, prevent pigment blurs to obtain a uniform color coating to improve
Coloring pigment strength, opacity, gloss increase the film, but also reduce the viscosity of the paste, increase the liquid stabilizer pigment grind paste
Content, improve grinding efficiency and achieve savings in manpower and energy effects.
1, a wetting dispersant, additive manufacturers have introduced general, but adding the scope and amount of the coating should be based on
Species and required to make specific decisions. To do this, we must first understand the characteristics of the resin used, and secondly to grasp the characteristics of the pigment surface, in particular acid resistance, specific surface area of the size, shape, etc., to set the added amount, generally higher than the amount of surface area a little more, a small is less. If insufficient amount, the pigment surface spare too many points, could easily lead to flocculation, be counterproductive. Such as: the specific surface area is small, the amount of excess, the formation of micelles in the paint, it will affect the water resistance of the coating. So be sure to use suitable screening test must be repeated. 2, a wetting agent added dispersing procedure: pigment wetting dispersant is generally added when the ingredients to make the grinding and dispersion of the pigment surface adsorption, to achieve the desired purpose. If the compound used in the non-polar hard dispersed pigment, preferably blended in a small amount first additive resin solution and then mixed with the pigment soaked, so that the application would be more effective.
Dispersing pigment in the paint pigment in the dispersion process is more complicated, but at least through three processes, namely wet depolymerization (dispersion) and stabilized.
Providing paint pigment production, the vegetable stearic acid production of the pigment particles formed are subtle, and its particle size is generally in between 5nm to 1um, the dispersion system can be formed easily.
But the paint pigment plant put into production, mostly in the original-sized particles, agglomerates and aggregates mixtures exist. Primary-particle: a pigment formed in the manufacturing process of associating a single crystal or crystals is relatively fine grain size. Agglomerates: the original sized particles connected edges and corners, a combination of the structure is relatively loose, large particle group. Aggregates: a primary-particle combination of two-sided, or the growing crystal surface together, the structure is compact, large particle group.
Most of the pigment agglomerates of Lu cake drying and subsequent formation of a dry mill.
Aggregates of pigment manufacturing process precipitate formed during the curing. Agglomerates and aggregates secondary particles as pigments together. 1, pigment wetting:
Production of the pigment used in paints are generally adsorbed surface layer of air and water, the voids between the particles are filled by air, dispersing the pigment in the paint the most important prerequisite is the need to use paints instead of air and moisture, and exposure of the pigment the formation of a new layer on the surface of coated film, which instead of air and moisture with the paints and coating film formed on the surface of the pigment in the process, referred to as pigment wetting process. 2, the pigment depolymerization (dispersion): In the dispersion process, only the surface of the secondary particles is not enough to wet paints, because such a large size, small surface
Group product of pigment particles can not meet the requirements and maintain a film forming paint liquid paint a stable dispersion state.
Must therefore be subjected to external mechanical forces (shear forces primarily) deaggregation these large particles, to restore back to the original level at or near the particle size to small particles form a large surface area exposed to the paint and so that all surfaces are exposed by wet paints. This means the applied mechanical force, the pigment agglomerates and aggregates restored or nearly restored to the original level of particles or depolymerization process called dispersion process called. Pigment in the paint in the paint manufacturing process depolymerization is the main, the most energy consuming processes. Depolymerization can paint the outer
To mechanical force, usually by grinding and dispersion we normally use equipment, such as a sand mill, ball mill, three-roll machine, high speed disperser and two roll machine generated. As a dispersion medium in order to create a liquid vehicle for the pigment (filling) material particles penetrate the surface of the conditions necessary to color (fill) material aggregates and agglomerates can be applied to promote its breakdown external mechanical force, the color (fill) depolymerization material particles, it is better to paint the wetting liquid, which requires grinding and dispersion equipment. Paint the polishing slurry, the pigment particles depolymerization process, not only can be sufficiently liquid so that wet paint color (fill) material particle surface to improve the stability of the millbase, and with a higher level of pigment dispersion, coloring pigments, cover will be a corresponding increase in strength, gloss and other paint film performance is also improved. So the selection of an efficient grinding and dispersion device, can greatly improve the dispersion of pigment in the paint level, thereby improving the millbase while reducing the amount of pigment stability, improve the quality of paint and coatings. 3, the stabilization: depolymerization has been wetted pigment particles distributed to a large number of paints continue to go, so there is enough paint coated on the periphery of pigment particles, and isolated from one another, thereby reducing the pigment particles attraction between avoid the phase between the pigment particles
Contact with each other, such that each has to be gathered and the solution of the pigment particles are moistened sufficiently thick, continuous, non-volatile dispersion of film-forming material is permanently open, the dispersion in the absence of the control of the applied mechanical force, pigment particles does not occur again coalesce into large particles in the process, called the stabilization process, the stability of the pigment dispersion obtained, the ultimate goal is the production of paint. Thus, the dispersion of pigment in the paint is wet, and stabilization depolymerization process three major components.
But, in fact, these three processes are not completely separate, but simultaneous and alternating conducted. For dispersing the pigment in the paint dispersion is formed, the relationship between the three: a wet basis, in order to more fully depolymerization wetting, and to achieve steady state of the ultimate goal.
If the pigment is dispersed in the paint well, to reach a relatively stable state, then had been dispersed pigment particles likely will re-close and gathered into large particles, forming what we call a pigment floc flocculation of pigments is distributed among the inverse process. Floc pigments and aggregates and agglomerates, although the original-sized particles made of large particle coalescence particle group, but the floc and the latter are essentially different, although it still paints the surface of the package cover, paint particles have been filled the gap, the pigment aggregates and agglomerates the surface of the cladding is air and water, the gap is filled by air, but the micro-flocculation state, in the production of coatings as well as its the use of the Department.
2013年8月1日星期四
Flame retardant properties of the test evaluation
In accordance with existing international standards or special provisions for some out trials to test the following parameters to assess the material Flammability:
(1) ignitability and flammability: It is the ease of ignition;
(2) the PVC flame retardant propagation speed: the flame retardant spread rate along the surface of the material;
(3) Fire resistance: the speed of the fire barrier material components;
(4) the release rate: the heat released during combustion of materials and the speed of release;
(5) ease of self-extinguishing;
(6) Health smoke: including raw tobacco consumption, tobacco smoke release rate and composition;
(7) the generation of toxic gases include: the amount of gas release rate and composition.
(1) ignitability and flammability: It is the ease of ignition;
(2) the PVC flame retardant propagation speed: the flame retardant spread rate along the surface of the material;
(3) Fire resistance: the speed of the fire barrier material components;
(4) the release rate: the heat released during combustion of materials and the speed of release;
(5) ease of self-extinguishing;
(6) Health smoke: including raw tobacco consumption, tobacco smoke release rate and composition;
(7) the generation of toxic gases include: the amount of gas release rate and composition.
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