The main ingredient of PVC stabilizer

PVC stabilizer on the original white and gradually turn yellow - red - brown - black. PVC resin decomposition reaction is due to the de-HCL caused a chain reaction, leading to macromolecules strand breaks. PVC heat stabilizers to prevent thermal decomposition mechanism is through the following aspects to achieve. (1) by capturing the thermal  PVC lubricants decomposition of PVC HCl, to prevent catalytic degradation of HCl. The main mechanism of action of lead salts class here, in addition to metal soaps, organic tin, phosphorous lipids and epoxy 2) replacement lively allyl chloride atoms. Metallic soaps, lipids and organic phosphorous tin can here the role of the mechanism. 3) the reaction with free radicals, the radical termination reaction. Organic tin and phosphorous lipid mechanism role here. (4) with conjugated double bond, inhibit growth of conjugated chain. Organotin role and  PVC plasticizer mechanism of epoxy here. (5) the decomposition of peroxide to reduce the number of free radicals. Organic tin and phosphorous lipid mechanism role here. 6) HCl passivation effect of a catalytic metal ion removal. PVC stabilizer with a stabilizer according to several different mechanisms to achieve thermal stability purposes. Composite stabilizer can be divided into the following categories: (1) liquid barium zinc composite stabilizer is generally pale yellow to yellow-brown oily liquid, specific gravity 1.0-1.1, good heat resistance at room temperature, without sulfide pollution, and epoxy plasticizers and stabilizing effect can be improved by, it can activate the foaming agent. 2 main  Polyethylene wax ingredient liquid calcium zinc composite stabilizer nontoxic liquid calcium zinc stabilizers are calcium stearate, castor oil, calcium, zinc stearate, castor oil, zinc and epoxy soybean oil, ultraviolet absorber. Hugh liquid calcium zinc stabilizers are generally used more soluble in organic solvents having a carbon number of less fat fat calcium and zinc. Because of the different components, varied in nature, usually pale yellow to yellow clear oily liquid at room temperature gravity of 1.0-1.05. It is non-toxic PVC stabilizer, mainly for food packaging films, containers leather foam stabilizers.

WSD PVC stabilizer and many types of different combinations

PVC stabilizers, and many different types of combinations , generally can be divided according to the chemical composition of the lead salt , metal soaps ( such as stearic acid metal soaps, including barium, cadmium , calcium, lead and zinc soaps , etc. ) , organic tin epoxy esters and chelating agents ( such as phosphorous acid ) and the like. Currently, lead salt stabilizer is still the largest amount of a stabilizer . 1999 in North America , Western Europe, Japan, the consumption structure of heat stabilizers are listed in Table 1-1. Lead salt stabilizer total heat stabilizers PVC stabilizer in the share , with the countries and regions vary. 60,50 and 17% , accounting for the total heat stabilizers Western Europe, Japan and North America lead salt stabilizer. In these products , a product can be made into powder, granular, flake and pellets can melt and the like. " A package " is likely to exist between the additive type product synergies , thereby enhancing the stability of results, and eliminates the need for cumbersome calculation for each additive , easy to use and store the user , but also to reduce waste of resources and environmental pollution . Representative products in foreign markets have AKGros of Interlite series. Development of rare earth and composite metal soaps such as non-toxic stabilizer is one of the development trend of heat stabilizer industry internationally . 1999 in North America, Western Europeplastic processing aid and Japan, consumption of heat stabilizers were about 8, 16 and 70 thousand tons / a, a total of about 310,000 t / a, is expected to demand in 2004 in North America and Western Europe, heat stabilizers are 10 and 170,000 tons in 1999 to 2004 , the average growth rates of 4.2% and 1.0%. Japanese demand is maintained at about 70,000 tons . Lead salt heat stabilizer below the average growth rate of demand growth or negative growth trend, and composite ( especially toxic Ca / Zn) heat stabilizers demand growth higher than the average growth rate , the reason is that strict environmental regulations worldwide technology , national attention to the environment due to human survival . Due to the global limit toxic heavy metal salts used in PVC processing , product adjustment to accelerate the pace of new products , development of new formulations of very active.

PVC stabilizer heat discoloration Comment

Ideal PVC structure is the first - the tail structure-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CHCl-, is quite stable. But so far the synthesis method can not be like PVC synthetic butadiene rubber as a catalyst in the role  WSD PVC flame retardant of Jigger be oriented so that there are rules cis-butadiene polymerization. All kinds of heat stabilizer heat discoloration Comment
 Thermal stabilizers should preferably absorb both HCL, to eliminate the active site, the addition of a conjugated polyene chain, carbenium salt damage, etc. to prevent auto-oxidation, which does not produce the product of the catalytic degradation of PVC. The actual heat stabilizers have different functions due to exhibit different thermal stability characteristics, can WSD Titanium dioxide rutile  be divided into early-type, long-term, intermediate-and versatile four. A) cadmium, zinc soap is typical of early-type heat stabilizers, can quickly absorb HCL, and effectively substituted with carboxylate PVC unstable chlorine atom in the catalytic chain Cd, Zn, thereby effectively suppressing early degradation and coloring , but because of the consumption of fast and transformation products CdC12, ZnC12, but also off the HCL efficient catalyst PVC, PVC and thus lead to the degradation of the material suddenly vicious black, so poor long-term thermal stability. 2) barium, calcium soaps are typically long-term thermal stabilizers, absorption HCL function only and therefore can not inhibit coloring PVC, but the conversion WSD one pack stabilizer  product BaC12, CaC12 do not have catalytic activity, does not cause a sudden black PVC, long-term heat stability better. 3) fatty acids, organic tin are intermediate, both absorption HCL, can effectively replace with carboxylate unstable chlorine atoms PVC chain, and transformation products do not have catalytic activity. 4) mercaptan organotin it has versatile features, while a variety of mechanisms can stabilize PVC, transformation products do not have catalytic activity, and therefore both excellent initial and long-term thermal stability effect.

Quotes optimistic about the domestic PVC stabilizer

Heat stabilizers for PVC processing mainly , it can reduce the degradation of PVC due to heat discoloration and light effects occur , effectively extending the life of the article . The PVC has high strength , corrosion resistance, fire retardant, insulation, transparency advantages, use very extensive. PVC products in the country has been a dominant species . In recent years, the amount of domestic production and processing of PVC resin significant growth for several years , with an average growth rate above 20 %. Soft PVC export-oriented products has been a greater impact , but not a big part of the proportion accounted for a large amount of consumption of PVC plastic pipe head , plastic profiles and wire and cable products is still very optimistic about the prospects for the . Particularly in order to cope with the adverse effects of the global financial crisis brought to China , the Chinese government plans to invest from the beginning of the end of last four trillion yuan , deploy and implement 10 measures to expand domestic demand . In the 10 measures to boost domestic demand , the major water conservancy projects will be extensive use of PVC pipe and film material ; in affordable housing projects , the construction of low-cost housing in shantytowns , nomadic population of plastic doors and windows are indispensable less ; in urban power grids , rail roads and airports and other major infrastructure construction, PVC wire and cable are basic materials, each laying a kilometer high-speed rail , you need a variety of cables up to 5 km; car industry, electronic information industry and light industry revitalization , will be more directly increase demand for various PVC products and spare parts . Huge investment in these projects , and many pre-project funds are already in place, is under construction. These favorable for heat stabilizer industry is real. Piece of cake in the heat stabilizer industry assigned to a small cup of soup as long as it has been very tempting.

Our industry is facing a major problem of calcium stearate

 The main problem facing the industry of calcium stearate is irrational allocation of resources. Domestic producers can be divided into three kinds of production types: one has its own raw material resources, and second, there is a downstream product support, three are two in appearance (no upstream raw materials, no downstream product). Currently the first three types of calcium stearate companies have not considered how profitable, but only in the defenses of the losses do everything possible to maintain survival.
 Followed by the consumption ratio is irrational. Consumption of calcium stearate From a global perspective, unsaturated  Chrolinated polyethylene polyester resins are generally 45% to 50%. In China, the proportion of consumption of calcium stearate in the field in 2003 was as high as 72%. This shows that the scope of application of calcium stearate small and simple. Thus, calcium stearate domestic industry's market risk is relatively increased.
The role of calcium stearate and calcium stearate characteristic is often used as a heat stabilizer and a variety of plastics processing PVC lubricants, mold release agents. In rigid products, and the base of lead salts, lead soap can increase the rate of gelation. Also used in food packaging, medical equipment and other requirements of non-toxic soft film and equipment. Calcium stearate can be made of polyethylene, polypropylene, halogen absorbers to eliminate the adverse effects of residual catalyst on the color and stability. As plasticizers in rubber processing, enabling  stearic acid natural rubber and synthetic rubber to soften the whole, and almost no effect on curing. Also used as polyolefin fibers and molded plastic lubricants, grease thickening agent, textile waterproofing agent, paint flatting agent, plasticizer manufacturing plastic labels and so on.
 Zinc stearate Uses: mainly used styrene resin, phenolic resin, amino resin, lubricant and release agent. While also having a rubber vulcanizing agent, softening function. Can be used as  non-toxic PVC heat stabilizers, coloring and suppress initial lubrication, and no curing pollution, but limited thermal stability, the formation of zinc chloride with  PVC flame retardant catalytic degradation of PVC, is generally not used alone, more than with calcium soap, barium soap stabilizers used in conjunction with, mainly for soft products.

Describes the advantages and disadvantages of plasticizer intermittent production

In continuous production , the esterification reactor can be divided into a tower reactor and stepped reactors in series two categories. When using the optional tower acidic esterification catalyst is more reasonable ; When using non-acidic catalyst or without a catalyst , the Calcium stearate  reaction mixture was due to stay longer , so the use of a stepped tandem reactors more appropriate.
Advantages: 1 ) less investment, quick construction 2 ) easy to switch products , produces a variety of plasticizers
3) The technology is simple, easy to meet the quality of personnel shortcomings : 1 ) large fluctuations in product quality , less stable
2) The technology behind the labor intensity 3 ) high energy and material consumption
Intermittent production is suitable for small-scale production of a variety of plasticizers , less investment and quick . Continuous production process
Since the DOP, DBP plasticizer in great demand , and therefore DOP, DBP -based continuous production process has been widely used , currently China's largest DOP -line production capacity of 50,000 tons / year, the largest single-line production capacity of 2 DBP tons / year. In continuous production , the esterification reactor can be divided into a tower reactor and stepped reactors in series two categories. When using the optional tower acidic esterification catalyst is more reasonable ; When using non-acidic catalyst or without a catalyst , the reaction mixture was Chrolinated polyethylene  due to stay longer , so the use of a stepped tandem reactors more appropriate. Plasticizer phthalate plasticizers largest amount , about 80% plasticizer production, mainly in the country such plasticizer dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and phthalic dibutyl (DBP) based.
( 1 ) and the resin has good compatibility ; high ( 2 ) plasticizing efficiency ; ( 3 ) of the thermo-optical stability ; ( 4 ) low volatility ; ( 5 ) migration of small ; ( 6 ) water , oils and organic solvents extraction ; ( 7 ) good low temperature flexibility ; ( 8 ) flame retardant ; ( 9 ) electrical insulation ; ( 10 ) is colorless, odorless , non-toxic ; ( 11 ) anti- fungal good ; ( 12 ) anti- pollution good ; ( 13 ) plastisol viscosity stability ; ( 14 ) cheap.
Plasticizer phthalate plasticizers largest Titanium dioxide rutile  amount , about 80% plasticizer production, mainly in the country such plasticizer dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and phthalic dibutyl (DBP) based. Due to limitations of the source material alcohol , heptyl phthalate (DHP), di-iso -decyl phthalate (DIDP), di-iso -octyl phthalate (DIOP) , excellent performance varieties, production is not large .
Production DBP five continuous esterification process , and, dealcoholization , bleaching, filtering operations are continuous .

Fireproof cement foam insulation board dedicated calcium stearate successful development

Cement foam board dedicated calcium stearate , also known as the cement foam insulation board dedicated calcium stearate , fireproof cement foam insulation board dedicated calcium stearate , A grade cement foam insulation board dedicated calcium stearate ( hereinafter referred to as calcium stearate ) , the manufacturers of him not the same name , but the play was really a role in the fire cement foam insulation board production roughly
Calcium stearate is mainly used in cement  tribasic lead sulfate foam insulation board made ​​fireproof foam stabilizer , curing agent, water repellent ( hydrophobic agent ) . Currently the manufacturers for the production of cement foam insulation board fire recipe varies. Useful sulfur aluminate cement , ordinary Portland cement are also useful for different cement per cubic meter of production of fire insulation board quality and amount of calcium stearate is not like.
Foam stabilizer : calcium stearate effectively prevent fire insulation board was up too high and the lack of material and keep the aperture fine, uniform cell size did not make cement foam PVC stabilizer for wire  insulation board does not collapse in the foam, foam completed after the semi-finished table no holes or cracks.
Curing agent: calcium stearate itself there are a lot of calcium , which can effectively increase the intensity of fire insulation board firmly to prevent fire insulation panels fold out powder , produced by calcium stearate fire insulation board with calcium ions in the late the chemical reaction will be more firm , more rugged .
Waterproofing agent : calcium stearate produced by the fire insulation board materials, basically when water does not absorb moisture during transport can reduce transportation costs, saving manpower and material resources in the installation phase.
According to tests, produced by calcium stearate fire insulation board than simply initiator and other small fireproof  one pack stabilizer insulation board materials produced with stearic acid or AC, both in appearance , strength, water resistance is much better, stearic calcium can significantly improve product quality, enhance the corporate brand .

hard polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) of the injection molding process some of the detailed analysis

UPVC known as hard PVC, vinyl chloride monomer which is formed by the polymerization reaction of amorphous thermoplastic resin and certain additives (such as stabilizers, lubricants, fillers, etc.). pvc called hard pvc, vinyl chloride monomer which is formed by the polymerization reaction of amorphous thermoplastic resin and PVC stabilizer for cable  certain additives (eg stabilizers, lubricants, fillers, etc.). In addition to the additive, but also other resins used for blending with the modified approach
upvc called hard pvc, vinyl chloride monomer which is formed by the polymerization reaction of amorphous thermoplastic resin and certain additives (such as stabilizers, lubricants, fillers, etc.).
In addition to the additive, but also other resins used for blending with the modified approach, it has obvious practical value. These resins are cpvc, pe, abs, eva, mbs like.
upvc high melt viscosity, poor mobility, even when the injection pressure and melt temperature fluidity will not change much. In addition, the resin molding temperature and thermal decomposition temperature are very close to the temperature for forming a very narrow range, is a hard molded material.
1, plastic processing
After 24 hours at room temperature, water less than 0.02%, and therefore without drying. If must be dry, can be placed in 60-70 ℃ hot air oven for 3 hours or 80 ℃ 1-1.5 hours in a dryer.
Up to 20% recycled material and new material mixed, the amount of recycled material depends on the end use of the product. Abuse of recycled material injection can fail, not only the composition of recovered much more is due to the material after repeated re-processing. Every once more recycled material decline in the quality recycling more.
2, injection molding machine selection
upvc Since the melt viscosity, easy PVC heat stabilizer for fittings  to decompose, decomposition products have a corrosive effect on iron, which must be dedicated to the plastics injection molding components and temperature control system.
Ramada products covered in each of the clamping force model, has specialized upvc plastics injection system, and with upvc pipe fittings Pulling requirements with a dedicated security gate devices. Under normal circumstances as long as the injection volume to meet the weight requirements, the choice of this series of injection molding device can be molded upvc high-quality products.
3, mold and gate design
Mold temperature can be set to 40 ℃. Flow channel length should be short, will have a large diameter to reduce the pressure loss and the holding pressure can be passed into the mold cavity. Gate as short as possible, cutting surface to be circular, the diameter of the smallest nozzle orifice 6mm,, into a conical angles to 5 °.
Sprue cutting surfaces have circular, with a combination of cold slug well by connecting section sprue and gate radius, diameter of 7mm.
Gate application tangentially connecting radius of the surface shape plastic parts, the shorter the better, cutting surface to be smooth.
Cold slug well to prevent semi-solidified material into the mold cavity, its importance is often overlooked.
Position of the gate to the right, so that the material in the stream flowing smoothly trail, will not stay in sharp corners, debris and metal traces in order to avoid compression or decompression situation, should maintain smooth flow smoothly.
Application of stainless steel casting mold, chromium content of at least 13%, preferably 16%, at least 55 Rockwell hardness, hard chrome-plated steel mold can be processed to form a protective effect.
After production, the application of a mild lye carefully cleaned and then sprayed mold surface quality oil spray or siliceous spray.
4, the melt temperature
Measure of available air-launched by 185-205 ℃ range. Smoothness of the material from the injection can know the exact upvc melt temperature. If the material in the injection after the rough, as evidenced by the material is not homogeneous (plastics insufficient), which means that the temperature set too low; eg, injection newcomer bubble and smoke  low molecular polyethylene a lot of smoke, it means the temperature is too high.
5, the injection speed
Slower rate of fire, or cause excessive shear degradation of materials, the use of upvc produce extremely smooth, thick-walled products should be used multi-stage injection mold filling speed.
6, the screw speed
Should match the molding cycle may be. Screw face velocity shall not exceed 0.15-0.2m / s
7, the back pressure
Up to 150bar, the lower the better, common to 5bar.
8, the retention time
At a temperature of 200 ℃, barrel residence time can not exceed five minutes. When the temperature is 210 ℃, cylinder residence time should not exceed 3 minutes.

Some important flame

 Flame retardant; can increase the flame resistance of the material called material flame retardant. Most of them are of the Periodic Table V, VII and compound III element burning rate: the sample unit of time means the length of the combustion. Synergistic effect: refers to two or more of the additives used in conjunction with, the total effect is greater than when used alone, the sum of the individual effects. Synergy system: the Metal stearate  complex flame retardant with the interaction between the use and thus to improve flame retardant performance system called synergistic effect. Synergy systems commonly antimony - halogen system, phosphorus halide system, phosphorus - nitrogen system. Burning speed: samples per unit time  glyceryl monostearate is the length of the combustion. Burning velocity combustion method with horizontal and vertical burning method to measure, too. Oxygen index: is the sample continued to burn like a candle shape when in a nitrogen - oxygen mixture stream in the oxygen content to a minimum. External friction: polymer materials in the molding process, the polymer melt and the friction between the surface processing equipment. Internal friction: forming polymer materials, the molten polymer intermolecular friction. Lubricants; polymer to reduce internal friction and external friction, improved flow of plastic melt, prevent processing of polymeric materials sticking to the equipment, to ensure surface smoothness of the added substance called lubricant. Lubricants: before the ingredients in the plastic processing, the added polymer has a compatibility with a lubricant, and uniformly dispersed into the material, the resin can reduce the friction between the molecules sky lubrication. External lubrication in  tio2 rutile two ways: one is the time of molding of the polymer material, the lubricant coated on the surface of processing equipment, so that in the melt processing temperature and the metal surface to form a "thin layer" will plastic melt and processing equipment to isolate, without adhering to the device, easy stripping or separating roller; Another is the compatibility with the polymer is very small, in the process it is easy to migrate from the polymer inside On the surface, thereby forming an isolation layer of the material, in the processing of the ingredients are added to and dispersed in the plastic, and in the process of migration to the surface, the grease. Release agent: for processing mold and material to be processed completely remain chemically inert substance known as release agent. Foaming; blowing agent can be in a class within a certain viscosity liquid rubber or plastic state, porous structure of the material formed of plastic

Titanium dioxide rutile titanium dioxide with the use of

Titanium dioxide ( titania ) chemically stable in general not react with most materials . In nature , there are three crystalline titanium dioxide : titanium plate , titanium dioxide anatase and rutile titanium dioxide . Titanium plate crystal form is unstable , no industrial use value, anatase titanium dioxide (Anatase) referred to as A -type , and plastic additive  rutile titanium dioxide (Rutile) referred to as R-type , have a stable crystal lattice , it is important white pigments and porcelain glaze , compared with other white pigments have superior whiteness, color strength, hiding power, weatherability, heat resistance , and chemical stability, especially not toxic.
Coatings industry is the largest user of titanium dioxide , especially rutile titanium dioxide , mostly consumed by the paint industry . Manufactured with titanium dioxide paint , colorful, high hiding power , tinting strength , dosage province , variety, stability of the media can play a protective role , and can enhance the mechanical strength and adhesion of the film to prevent cracks, prevent UV and moisture through , extend film life.
Plastics industry is the second largest user of titanium dioxide added in plastics , plastic products can improve the heat resistance , light resistance , weather resistance, the physical  Metallic stearate and chemical properties of plastic products to improve and enhance products, mechanical strength, prolong life.
The paper industry is the third  Zinc stearate largest user of titanium dioxide as filler paper , mainly used in fine paper and the paper thin . In the paper by adding titanium dioxide , can make the paper has good whiteness, gloss , high strength , thin and smooth , printing does not penetrate , quality of light. Papermaking general use without a surface treatment of titanium dioxide anatase titanium dioxide, can play the role of optical brighteners , increasing whiteness of the paper . But requires the use of laminated paper surface treated rutile type titanium dioxide , in order to meet light and heat requirements. Or advanced ink titanium white pigment is indispensable . Durable ink containing titanium dioxide does not change color , surface wettability , easy to disperse . Ink industry has used titanium dioxide rutile , anatase have . Textile and chemical fiber industry is another important application of titanium dioxide . Chemical fiber titanium dioxide is mainly used as a matting agent . Since anatase type soft than gold, red , general use anatase . Fiber surface with titanium dioxide generally do not need treatment, but some special varieties in order to reduce photochemical effect of titanium dioxide , titanium dioxide to avoid fibers degrade the photocatalytic effect , the need for surface treatment.

metal soap stabilizers simple hungry applications

Metal soap as a stabilizer , mainly for the plastics industry , particularly PVC use more. Stabilizers for PVC , mostly cadmium, barium, calcium, zinc , aluminum, magnesium salts of higher  Acrylic processing aid fatty acids , especially stearic acid and lauric acid salts. They play the role of hydrogen chloride acceptor , a carboxyl group and a metal soap PVC replacement reaction of the chlorine atoms , the esterification of PVC stabilized. In most cases, the esterification reaction rate ZnCdPdCaBa. Because cadmium toxicity, have now banned . Zinc soap is best complementary stabilizer, but long-term stability is poor , the price cheaper , non-toxic , can be used in food  carbon black powder packaging films . Common Ownership zinc stearate , zinc laurate , ... PVC heat stabilizers generally based on processing tribasic lead sulfate ( three salt ) , dibasic lead stearate ( two salt ) -based, then add a small amount of lead stearate ( hard lead ) and calcium stearate ( hard calcium ) , may be used alone , can be reasonable, made ​​of composite lead salt stabilizer. The toxicity of lead cause for great concern , three salt , two lead salt stabilizer higher indifferent people , and thus the metal soap -based heat stabilizer ( particularly a lead-free metal soap ) for people concerned , the thermal stability of the metal soap mechanism has become a hot topic. Because PVC heat stabilizers in the production aspect is  Plastic chemical protected by patents , so there is no reported its exact composition and content . Commercial heat stabilizers are commercially available mixture of various compounds . Mixture is better than pure substances stabilizing effect . Meanwhile , in dealing PVC heat stabilizers are required to carefully consider its toxicity. PVC, processors and consumers should pay attention to warnings about the toxicity of stabilizer .

Stearate some simple methods

One kinds of stearyl alcohol ester synthesis method in the case of organic synthesis technology esters , stearic acid and stearyl alcohol as raw materials , characterized in that the metal oxide catalyst PVC processing aid  under nitrogen esterification atmosphere , alcohol , filtration obtained stearyl stearate ; said metal oxide is magnesium oxide or stannous oxide or iron oxide , etc., added in an amount of stearic acid and stearyl alcohol, total 0.03 to 0.12% by weight . Rational use of the present invention the metal oxide as a catalyst , such catalysts have high selectivity , non-corrosive equipment, production process is simple, can be removed by filtration , the inganic pigments  product quality is stable ; while the metal oxide catalyst according to requirements, optimized design and trial research , reasonably determine the ratio of raw materials , amount of catalyst , reaction temperature, time and other parameters and conditions , mild reaction conditions , using simple equipment, so that equipment investment is more savings.
018 words a dry method production process and apparatus stearate
0002 Preparation of stearate
8005 stearate step synthesis method
1003 stearate prepared nanocrystalline ceramic powder
3008 improved stearate composition and preparation method
| 017 stearic acid complexation preparing nanoscale dispersion whitening agent  strengthened metal alloy powder method using pre-
3013 emissions- step synthesis method for the production of calcium stearate
8001 non-aqueous stearate step Synthesis
0010 improved stearate composition and preparation method
1007 adhesive lubricant containing metal powder composition comprising glyceryl stearate , and the adhesive lubricant
3012 Screw Reactor reactive extrusion process to produce heavy stearate methods
3006 Preparation of stearate
8004 stearate prepared novel nano ceramic powder materials technology

impact modifier and processing modifier some of the main features

Impact modifiers and processing modifier
( A ) impact modifiers and processing modifier function
1 , the performance of impact modifier
To improve the impact properties of plastic additives added for the purpose referred to as impact modifier . These  Plastic chemical additives can not only improve the impact strength of the resin , but also to improve the processability of the resin . Impact modifier is typically used in rigid PVC , but in polypropylene, polystyrene and modified plastics has universal application. Currently , rigid PVC impact modifier used mainly some copolymer resin or a modified resin such as ABS, MBS, EVA, CPE , and thermoplastic rubber , thermoplastic elastomers , which are widely used as PVC, PE, PP, PS, AS, ABS, PMMA, PA, PC, PBT, PET and so on. Impact modifier may be added into a ductile plastic brittle plastics can be applied only in the normal temperature of the plastic into a plastic used at low temperatures , in addition , can effectively improve the processing properties of plastics .
Ideal resistance modifier should have the following properties:
① and modification of the substrate must have a good compatibility.
② modifier particle size, morphology medium a diameter of about 200nm is appropriate to protect the effect is a high impact strength .
③ modifier to lower the glass transition temperature is preferred.
④ impact modifier preferably has slightly crosslinked to improve the reinforcing effect .
⑤ modifier processing properties of the resin without prejudice to its apparent performance and physical and mechanical properties without  plastic additive adverse effects.
⑥ requires non-toxic, non-polluting and affordable.
2 , the processing performance modifier
Processing modifier for plastic processing performance is poor and development of a class of additives that are added to improve the polymer in the molten resin flow , and a thermal stability, heat distortion resistance and surface gloss of the material products . Currently, the processing modifier is mainly to improve the melt viscosity of PVC , improved flowability and processability.
Processing modifier primarily polymer, the application is more acrylic copolymer , such as methyl methacrylate / acrylic acid copolymer system (MMA / FA system ) , methyl methacrylate / butyl methacrylate acrylate / ethyl acrylate / methyl methacrylate copolymer systems (MMA / BMA / EA / EMA system ) , methyl methacrylate / ethyl acrylate / acrylonitrile copolymer system (MMA / EA / AN system ), etc. The amount of resin added is usually from 3% to 8%.
( Two ) impact modifiers and processing modifier classification and species
1 , impact modifiers and species classification
① acrylonitrile - butadiene - styrene copolymer (ABS): ABS resin is a graft copolymer of polybutadiene latex is added to the styrene and acrylonitrile monomers copolymerized . Impact modifier for PVC, ABS has a good effect, the toughening effect, while the tensile strength and elongation decrease is small, the general amount of 10% to 20%. ABS resin due  antimony flame retardant to the presence of unsaturated structures , weather is poor, so products should not be long-term outdoor use . ABS resin is less than the compatibility with PVC, MBS, the product transparency is not as good MBS copolymer ; such as a transparent ABS and PVC blends can obtain a transparent products. When the ABS dosage of 20% to 30 %, the impact strength with excellent results.

fluorescent dye some introductory

A fluorescent dye is a dye , such as certain types of vitamins (A, B2), biological pigments, lipids , elastic fiber, etc. autofluorescence under the microscope and imaging effects color effects are very weak, but significant as the time is short . Some organisms in the shortwave spectrum chemical composition under irradiation spontaneously excited fluorescence , called autofluorescence (Primaryfluorescence). Such dibasic lead stearate  as certain types of vitamins (A, B2), biological pigments, lipids , elastic fiber, etc. autofluorescence under the microscope and imaging effects color effects are very weak , and the imaging time is short . Biological specimens treated with a fluorescent dye after irradiation in the shortwave spectrum can inspire brilliant fluorescence , called secondary fluorescence, secondary fluorescence imaging effect color effects and very strong . So it occupies in fluorescence microscopy techniques most important position. Today synthesized in fluorescence microscopy techniques more efficient fluorescent dye , to develop more specific markers , fluorescent dye and the excitation wavelength of the variable relationship between the fluorescence intensity and quantitative determination of chromosome staining fluorescence scanning , etc. are classified material exploring the direction
Fluorescent pigments can be divided into three general categories .
1 fluorescent dye such alkaline  plastic additive dye in an acidic solution easily dissociate . The fluorescence component with a positive charge . So that is able and biological specimens acidic ion- binding group . In alkaline solution in a non- dissociated state.
2 Acid fluorescent dye in alkaline solution easily dissociated components of the fluorescence with a negative electrical charge.
3 fluorescent dye acidic neutral or weak alkaline electrically neutral dye fluorescent dye in the staining process of dissociation no practical significance. This pigment is used for display macromolecular structures .
Using a fluorescent dye vast areas, particularly for example mineral oil in mineralogy identified impurities , optical glass industry classification identified in quartz sand , hydrogeology identified magnesium hydroxide  reservoir leakage , forensic detection of blood, semen stains , mechanical industry to check metal cracks , classical art and fake identification, bacteriology , virology , immunology , oncology , genetics, fiber textile industry and various other specialized fluorescence techniques can be applied .

pvc heat stabilizer some elaborate

 With many countries in the world for environmental awareness and increasingly severe environmental problems , related health problems in people's daily lives by everyone concerned . PVC products used as an extremely wide range of general plastic surface , in the traditional PVC heat stabilizers , containing heavy metals such as lead salt heat stabilizer has a good cost advantage , is widely used . However, with the  chromium oxide deepening of understanding and found that in the manufacturing process have serious dust pollution, once absorbed by the body after can not be excreted , seriously affecting the health of production workers ; while PVC products containing lead salts in the course will be varies with time precipitation , which also affects the user 's health, especially in medicine and health, children's toys and food packaging-related products is particularly serious. Therefore, the traditional heavy metal toxic heat stabilizers will be fully replaced . Future PVC heat stabilizers are mainly concentrated in the direction of non-toxic calcium / zinc composite heat stabilizer and organic tin  dibasic lead phosphate in two ways. Ca / Zn compound stabilizer due to excellent overall performance and cost-effectiveness will ultimately shape the future country PVC stabilizer system of the subject. It is also about to become the next phase of PVC heat stabilizers hotspot.
In summary , pvc heat stabilizer study related subjects in previous studies , based on the liquid calcium / zinc composite heat stabilizer metal soap synthesis and complex research to improve synthesis process , improve heat stabilizer comprehensive performance to meet the  stearate aluminum future needs of multi-functional stabilizer for the relevant enterprises and research institutions to provide a reference . And soft , transparent PVC heat stabilizer complex study to improve thermal stability . If these problems are resolved , there will be our country's non-toxic environmentally friendly PVC heat stabilizers to a higher level , widening environmentally friendly composite heat stabilizer market and shorten the gap with foreign countries . For widening liquid calcium / zinc composite heat stabilizer field of use has a positive meaning , and will directly promote the upgrading and development of the PVC industry .

heat stabilizers, introduced species and their uses

PVC plastic profiles recipes, heat stabilizers, introduced species and their uses
PVC plastic profiles design principles formulation Formulation PVC plastic profiles mainly composed of PVC resin and additives, wherein the additives according to the functions are one pack stabilizer  divided into: a heat stabilizer,
Lubrication agents, processing modifier, impact modifiers, fillers, anti-aging agents, coloring agents. Before the design PVC formulation
Should first understand the PVC resin and various additives performance.
Raw materials and additives
PVC resin
Below the surface rule, solid, table tennis was like, easy to absorb plasticizers, loose type currently used more.
PVC can be divided into ordinary level (toxic PVC) and sanitary '(non-toxic PVC). Sanitary requirements of vinyl chloride (VC) content is low
At lOXl0-6, can be used for food and medicine. Synthesis process is different, PVC can be divided into suspension PVC and emulsion PVC. Root
According to the national standard GB/T5761-93 "general purpose PVC resin suspension test" provisions into suspension PVC
PVC-SGl to PVC-SG8Jk resins, wherein the smaller the number, the greater the degree of polymerization, the greater the molecular weight, the higher the strength, but
Melt flow more difficult, the processing is more difficult. Specific choice when doing soft products, the general use of PVC-SGl, PVC-SG2
PVC-SG3-type, who need to add a lot of plasticizer. Such as polyvinyl chloride resin film for SG-2, 50 to 80 parts of plasticizer
Agent. The machining of hard products, generally without adding a plasticizer or a very small amount, so use PVC-SG4, VC-SG5, PVC-SG6PVC-SG7, PVC-SG8 type. Such as rigid PVC pipes with SG-4 resin, plastic window profiles using the SG-5 resin, rigid transparent
Next sink using SG-6 resin, rigid foam profile with SG-7, SG-8 resin. And Emulsion PVC paste mainly used for artificial leather,
Wallpaper and floor covering and dipped plastic products. Some manufacturers factory PVC resin PVC resin by plastic lubricant  polymerization degree (degree of polymerization unit chain
The number of times the molecular weight of PEG degree of polymerization of the polymer molecular weight equal to) classification, such as Shandong Qilu Petrochemical Plant production PVC
Resin, manufactured products for the SK-700; SK-800; SK-1000; SK-1100; SK-1200 and so on. SG-5 resin, which corresponds to
The polymerization degree of 1000-1100. Physical and chemical properties of PVC resin see Part IV.
PVC powder as a white powder, density of 1.35-1.45g/cm3, the densities at 0.4-0.5g /
cm3. Depending on the size of the plasticizer content can be as soft and hard wares, usually 0-5 parts plasticizer content of 5 to 25 parts of hardware products for the semi-hard products, more than 25 parts of soft products. PVC is a non-crystalline, polar polymers, softening temperature and melting temperature is higher, pure PVC generally required
Energy. Moreover, PVC compound containing  Acrylic processing aid chlorine group, and when the temperature reaches 120 ~ C, the pure PVC began unraveling HCl to cause PVC heat
Degradation. Therefore, in the processing to add various additives modification and processing of PVC impact modifier, so that it can be processed into
Useful products.
PVC resin is mainly used to produce various types of film (such as daily printing film, industrial packaging film, agricultural greenhouse film and shrink film

PVC profile pipe special lubricant dispersant polyethylene wax

PVC profile pipe special lubricant dispersant polyethylene wax
Polyethylene wax, polyethylene wax Product  white foaming agent range Applications polyethylene wax dispersion effects · · masterbatch , lubrication , bright · PVC profile, pipe preparation · make high-efficiency compound stabilizers external lubricant · · improved dispersion and prevent · dust · Plastic additives improve wettability , transparency, better dispersion of hot melt adhesives · · improved heat resistance , hot- melt viscosity  Metal stearate adjustment · sign · improved heat resistance , viscosity adjustment · Rubber handle • Improved workability , carbon dispersant filler · improve heat resistance , a gelling agent , to increase the transparency candles · hard, abrasion resistance, gloss and widely used and PE, PP, PVC, ABS, LLDPE, LDPE, PS, phenolic, aminoplast such as resin agent out , blow molding, calendering, injection molding, wire and  tio2 anatase cable materials , hoses, rubber processing , paint . Hot melt adhesive mixture, high viscosity polyolefin processing, plastics concentrated masterbatch, PP masterbatch, functional masterbatch , add masterbatch , filler and other processing applications .

impact modifier narrative

 The reason why certain polymers show brittle at room temperature , which is mainly determined by the structure of the polymer itself . Polymer
The brittleness and  lead stearate its molecular main chain flexibility , the molecular chain of the more flexible , its brittleness is smaller , whereas the greater brittleness . All factors affecting the flexible polymer chain , such as the main chain structure , a substituted group, the polymerization degree , crosslinking degree of the polymer can affect the brittleness. To improve the toughness of the material , the following three main ways : in
Rubber component introduced into the polymer structure , as in the bulk polymerization of styrene butadiene component may be introduced in
Preparation of high-impact polystyrene (
HIPS, which in situ in the reaction kettle modification techniques suitable for mass production . In
Introducing the polymer backbone monomers low glass transition temperature , such as bisphenol
A polycarbonate raw
Production . Through
After some modification method would have the effect of toughening complexes were blended with polymer materials ,
Thereby enhancing the impact properties of polymeric materials . Such complexes known as impact modifiers , these additives is mainly used polyvinyl chloride
Ene, polystyrene and other plastics . The modified method has the freedom and flexibility characteristics.
1.1
Mechanism of impact modifier
The impact modifier in the oxidized PE WAX  polymer research, although there are a large number of scholars have carried out a series of fruitful work , but to
Today there are some issues unresolved , so it is no unified theory. Different scholars have proposed a different interpretation ,
Summarized in the following: rubber absorbs energy theory , shear yield theory, theory of cracks , crazing shear zone management
On other . Due to the use of rubber or elastomer -modified impact of plastics material will also reduce the rigidity of the self
Since there has been replaced by rigid particles of rubber and elastomer toughened polymers ideas, and the corresponding emergence of non-
Rigid polymer particle toughening machine theory .
Rubber absorbs energy theory
Is stretched when the cross section is substantially found not shrink , thereby setting
Want to cavitation occurs inside the material and the density becomes small ( approximately 8% reduction )
Year. They think its elongation stress whitening phenomenon
Is generated within the material of the hole caused by the scattering of light . Therefore, the argument put forward : when the material strain , in its internal generated a lot of very fine cracks , then there must be a
Of rubber particles across the crack , thus preventing rapid crack
Rapid expansion , while the rubber particles in its consumption of energy during deformation due
, Thereby improving the  titanium dioxide toughness of the material . As shown, located
Rubber particles in a growth of the crack face , such that material by
To break the impact absorbed energy equal to the Brittle Fracture
We can add on to be broken rubber particles acting combined. While
Explained tensile yield , must assume the formation of a large number of micro- cracks in the rubber particles absorb energy schematic
And each micro-cracks were blocked by rubber particles , micro-cracks are adjacent the substrate a thin layer of polystyrene are separated . Thus, a large tensile strain can be micro- cracks open, the rubber particles are
Elongated and polystyrene layers bend to achieve. Accordingly, they assume that the rubber particles have a "bridge " effect as well as particles having a high flexibility and good adhesion to the substrate with the premise . This theory is that it is the lack of attention to the rubber , while ignoring the polymer matrix . Toughened polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride is concerned, both in the fracture behavior of a significant difference , which is not easy to explain the theory of micro-cracks

stearate dried to obtain opportunities

Drying snatched stearate
 Stearate is an additive for a wide range, the most important role for the polymers
Very good results. Such as polyolefins can be used as an methyl tin stabilizer  acid neutralizer, the article has a good lubricating effect,
Increase life expectancy (for thermosetting products concerned). Market, stearate great demand, generally focused on: Hard
Fat, calcium stearate, zinc stearate, sodium these types. Lianyungang Huaming Tai Material Technology Co., Ltd. is mainly engaged in it
Is that the three categories stearate. Flash dryer as stearate final process section. More than two years, the  foaming agent use of easy
Degree stearate flash dryer for drying effect is remarkable, not only high production efficiency, and human resources required
Source less, greatly reducing the cost of doing business. Drying stearate (calcium stearate, zinc stearate, sodium stearate), the main difficulty lies in mesh powder had
Low in the red iron oxide  dry dust collection can not be good when I expected. Choose the traditional bag dust removal equipment can not solve this
A problem. In response to this situation, the traditional baghouse has been improved, to ensure production of large front
Mention the next, so that the maximum amount of material is collected. Stearate using flash dryer drying, the effect is significant, and
Using flash drying equipment longer high production requirements under full load operation.

pigments basic classification

From the chemical composition of the pigment can be divided into inorganic and organic pigments into two categories, its origin can be divided into natural pigments and synthetic pigments. As a source of natural mineral pigment, such as: cinnabar, clay, realgar, malachite green and heavy calcium carbonate folk painting paint
, Wollastonite, barite powder, talc, mica, kaolin, etc. Biological as a source, such as those from animal: Carmines, natural scale powder; derived from plants are: Garcinia, Alizarin red, indigo and aluminium hydroxide  so on. Synthesized by synthetic pigments, such as titanium dioxide, lithopone, lead, chrome yellow, iron blue and other inorganic pigments and Big Pink, even yellow, phthalocyanine blue, quinacridone organic pigments. Function of the pigment to the classification, such as anti-rust pigments, magnetic pigments, luminescent pigments, pearlescent pigments, electrically conductive pigments. In color, it is convenient and the methods used. This pigment can be divided into white, yellow, red, blue, green, brown, purple, black, regardless of their origin or chemical composition. The famous "Colour Index" (ColorIndex) is used to color classification methods: If the pigment into pigment yellow (PY), pigment orange (PO), Pigment Red (PR), Pigment Violet (PV), Pigment Blue (PB) , Pigment Green (PG), Pigment Brown (PBr), pigment black (PBk), pigment white (PW), metallic paint (PM) and other ten categories, the same number of color pigments are arranged according to the order, such as titanium dioxide as the PW- 6, lithopone PW-5, Lead Chrome Yellow PY-34, quinacridone PR-207, red iron oxide PR-101, Phthalocyanine Blue PB-15 and so on. In order to find the chemical composition, there is another structure number, such as titanium dioxide PW-6C.I.77891, phthalocyanine blue is PB-15C.I.74160, you can make the pigment manufacturers and users to identify the pigments listed The composition and chemical structure of the. Therefore, the pigment in the international import and export trade industry have been widely adopted, some of the domestic paint manufacturers also use this pigment international classification standards. Using color. Each color has a sign pigments, such as white epoxidation of soybean oil  as BA, red for HO, yellow for the HU ...... combined with the chemical structure of the pigment composition code and serial models, such as rutile titanium dioxide BA-01-03, chrome yellow HU-02-02, red iron oxide HO-01-01, lithopone BA-11-01, toluidine red HO-02-01, BGS phthalocyanine blue LA-61-02 and so on.
The pigment contained in the compound according to the classification categories: inorganic pigments can be broken down as oxides, chromates, sulfates, silicates, borates, molybdates, phosphates, vanadates, iron cyanate , hydroxides, sulfides, metal, etc.; organic pigment into the chemical structure of compounds according to azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, anthraquinone, indigoid, quinacridone, dioxazine pigments such as polycyclic, aromatic CH pigments and so on.
From the manufacturing point of view can be classified into the titanium pigments, iron pigments, chromium pigments, lead pigments, zinc pigments, metallic pigments, synthetic organic pigments, this classification method has practical significance, often PVC profile stabilizer  a system will on behalf of a professional production of the pigment industry.
From the application point to the classification can be divided into paint pigment, ink pigment, plastic pigment, rubber paint, ceramics and enamel pigments, pigment for cosmetic medicine, art with paint and so on. Various special pigments have some unique properties, in order to meet the application requirements. Pigment production plant can be targeted to professional users recommended a series of paint products.