What are the advantages of PVC stabilizer

Advantages: the same as a heat stabilizer, a lead compound PVC material without compromising the excellent electrical properties,
low water absorption and outdoor weatherability. Disadvantages: Toxic; would cross contamination; generate lead chloride, forming
streaks on finished products; than Stabilizers for pipe  significant; immediately so often lead stabilizers in PVC products become opaque, and soon after
continuous heat discoloration. With the ban of lead, "Twelve Five" period while the proportion of lead stabilizers in PVC heat
stabilizers will be reduced year by year. Metal soap stabilizer monomer salt (acid salts): zinc stearate, barium stearate, calcium
stearate, lead stearate, cadmium stearate Metal soap  Aluminum hydroxide salt composite stabilizer: calcium zinc stabilizers, barium zinc stabilizer, barium cadmium stabilizers, barium cadmium
zinc stabilizer organic tin stabilizer
Advantages: PVC stabilizer organotin heat stabilizers for the most efficient, transparent and non-toxic products in the most widely
used of a class, its outstanding advantages: good thermal stability, transparency, and most of the non-toxic.
 Disadvantages: PVC stabilizer high prices, no lubrication.
 Most of the liquid organic tin, only a few PVC plasticizer  solid. May be used alone, often with a metal soap. Rare Stabilizer: no lubrication,
should join with the lubricant, the current production of rare earth compound stabilizer is rare, heat stabilizers and lubricants
compound formed, the amount is usually 4-6 copies. Another class of organic antimony stabilizer, a liquid stabilizer.

China is a major WSD one pack stabilizer producer of PVC is also the world 's largest consumer of

China is a major producer of PVC , but also the world's largest consumer. 2007 China PVC production capacity has reached 14.5 million , t increase of 45 % compared to 2006 , the average annual growth rate for the world nine times , accounting for 30 % of the world 's total PVC . With the further expansion of PVC production capacity , demand for PVC heat stabilizers also continue to rise. Since the mid- 1950s , China began producing self- supporting since PVC heat stabilizers , heat stabilizers for PVC consumption With the rapid development of the industry and a substantial increase in heat stabilizers developed into the second largest plastics additives products. At present, China plastic heat stabilizer production enterprises have more than 100 , while the low-end of the lead salt heat stabilizer is still overwhelmingly dominant , industry 60% of enterprises due to technical reasons plastic processing aid only to produce lead salt -based heat stabilizers , domestic PVC products in more than 65% or the use of lead salt heat stabilizer ( metal soap and composite metal soap is also part of the lead soap heat stabilizers ) , the annual amount of up to about 120 000 t. To avoid potential lead contamination , improve people's living environment , China since 2003 began a comprehensive campaign to ban lead . Ministry of Construction in 2004 began requiring the use of non- national lead salt water pipes PVC heat stabilizers ; Beijing from April 1, 2005 began restricting the use of lead- salt heat stabilizer PVC pipes for drinking water ; power system also introduced a ban within the grid regulations governing the use of chlorinated PVC protective lead salts and organic tin heat stabilizer to prevent environmental pollution, especially pollution of groundwater sources . PVC profiles have now begun to explore the lead-free. China's environmental PVC heat stabilizerprotection type calcium / zinc heat stabilizers are still dependent on foreign imports , but the price is expensive, imported calcium / zinc heat stabilizers are generally in the 3 to 5 million /; t because the domestic PVC heat stabilizer production of PVC heat stabilizers business technology behind domestic calcium / zinc complex heat organic pigments stabilizer market is still unable to meet performance requirements . Lead salt heat stabilizer deadline can not be disabled , to some extent hindered the goal of a comprehensive ban on schedule to achieve the lead pollution of the environment still exist and are widening. Carry out the role of non-toxic compound heat stabilizer technology research and development , and to achieve large-scale domestic production , to ensure the sustainable development of economy, society, environment build harmonious relationship between man and nature , have very important .

WSD PVC stabilizer and many types of different combinations

PVC stabilizers, and many different types of combinations , generally can be divided according to the chemical composition of the lead salt , metal soaps ( such as stearic acid metal soaps, including barium, cadmium , calcium, lead and zinc soaps , etc. ) , organic tin epoxy esters and chelating agents ( such as phosphorous acid ) and the like. Currently, lead salt stabilizer is still the largest amount of a stabilizer . 1999 in North America , Western Europe, Japan, the consumption structure of heat stabilizers are listed in Table 1-1. Lead salt stabilizer total heat stabilizers PVC stabilizer in the share , with the countries and regions vary. 60,50 and 17% , accounting for the total heat stabilizers Western Europe, Japan and North America lead salt stabilizer. In these products , a product can be made into powder, granular, flake and pellets can melt and the like. " A package " is likely to exist between the additive type product synergies , thereby enhancing the stability of results, and eliminates the need for cumbersome calculation for each additive , easy to use and store the user , but also to reduce waste of resources and environmental pollution . Representative products in foreign markets have AKGros of Interlite series. Development of rare earth and composite metal soaps such as non-toxic stabilizer is one of the development trend of heat stabilizer industry internationally . 1999 in North America, Western Europeplastic processing aid and Japan, consumption of heat stabilizers were about 8, 16 and 70 thousand tons / a, a total of about 310,000 t / a, is expected to demand in 2004 in North America and Western Europe, heat stabilizers are 10 and 170,000 tons in 1999 to 2004 , the average growth rates of 4.2% and 1.0%. Japanese demand is maintained at about 70,000 tons . Lead salt heat stabilizer below the average growth rate of demand growth or negative growth trend, and composite ( especially toxic Ca / Zn) heat stabilizers demand growth higher than the average growth rate , the reason is that strict environmental regulations worldwide technology , national attention to the environment due to human survival . Due to the global limit toxic heavy metal salts used in PVC processing , product adjustment to accelerate the pace of new products , development of new formulations of very active.

Processing aids Some simple instructions

Many of the same means, a simple structure repeating units connected by covalent bonds formed by the high molecular weight (usually up to 104 ~ 106) compound. Such as polyvinyl chloride molecule is composed of many molecules of vinyl chloride repeating structural unit-ch2chcl-concatenated, so-ch2chcl-also known as structural units or segments. Structural units can be formed by a small molecule composed of compounds known as monomers, synthetic polymer materials. Polyvinyl chloride can be abbreviated to:
n represents the number of repeating units, also PVC window stabilizer  known as polymerization degree of polymerization of the polymer is a measure of an important indicator. A low degree of polymerization (1 to 100) of the polymer is called oligomers, only when the molecular weight of up to 104 to 106 (such as plastic, rubber, fiber, etc.) to be referred to as polymers. Made of a polymer by polymerization of monomers called homopolymers as described above, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene and the like. Copolymerizing two or more monomers from the polymer is called copolymers, such as vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate copolymer. So that natural rubber into practical engineering materials research has made key progress. baekeland reported the synthesis of a thermosetting phenolic resin, this conclusion is the establishment of modern polymer science foundation. Since the establishment of the concept of macromolecules decades, synthetic polymers and achieved rapid development, many important polymers have achieved industrialization. Classification of polymers from different angles can be classified on the polymer, such as oxidized PE WAX  from a single source, synthesis method, the end use, the heating behavior of the polymer structure. (1) according to the molecular structure of the main chain of the elements can be divided into the carbon chain of the polymer, mixed chain and organic elements into three categories.
The polymer main chain carbon chain molecules composed entirely of carbon atoms. Most vinyl and diene polymers fall into this category, such as polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, etc. Hetero-chain polymer molecules, in addition to carbon atoms in the main chain, there are titanium dioxide  oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms. Such as polyether, polyester, polyamide, polyurethane, polysulfide rubber. Plastics, synthetic fibers, heat-resistant polymer is mostly mixed chain polymer. Macromolecular organic elements no carbon atoms in the main chain, mainly composed of silicon, boron, aluminum and oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus atoms, but the side groups was formed by the organic group such as methyl, ethyl, vinyl group. Organic silicone rubber is a typical example.
Organic elements, also known as semi-organic hybrid polymer chain, the main chain and the side groups if no carbon atoms, it becomes the inorganic polymer.
(2) the nature and purpose by material classification, can be divided into high polymer plastics, rubber and fibers.

Four kinds of uses calcium stearate

1 is used as a non-toxic PVC heat stabilizers , and has excellent lubricity. Thermal stabilizing effect as barium stearate , lead stearate, tin and cadmium stearate . But cheap, low toxicity , good processing performance . And an epoxy compound with the zinc soap , a synergistic effect , can improve the thermal stability. Commonly used in food packaging films , medical equipment and other requirements nontoxic soft products . And  Acrylic processing aid the base of lead salts and lead soaps and for rigid products , can increase the speed of gelation . This product is used for polyethylene and polypropylene , can eliminate residual catalyst on the resin color and stability adverse effects. This product is also widely used as a polyolefin , polyester reinforced plastic , phenolic resin, amino resin, thermosetting plastics lubricant and release agent. The disadvantage of this product is the initial color , at above 100 ℃ heating time is longer, will become slightly red white PVC , particularly in the formulation the presence of titanium dioxide , coloring particularly serious. The large amount of goods , there is segregation fouling . (2) is used as a lubricant in the oil field operations Stuck agent. Also heat stabilizers for PVC and a variety of plastics processing lubricant , release agent . In rigid products , and the base of lead salts , lead soap can increase the gelation speed. Also used in food packaging, medical equipment and  Diethylene glycol dibenzoate other requirements nontoxic soft film and equipment. Can be made of polyethylene , polypropylene, halogen absorbent to remove the residual catalyst on the adverse effects of color and stability . As a plasticizer in rubber processing , natural rubber and synthetic rubber can soften and almost no effect on curing . Also used as a grease thickening agent, textile waterproofing agent, paint flatting agent , when manufacturing plastic LP plasticizers.
3 Calcium stearate is an excellent non-toxic heat stabilizers and lubricants , but also adhesives, coatings and waterproofing agent flatting agents in the plastic and rubber is widely used titanium dioxide  in chemical production processes . Thermal stabilizing effect as barium stearate , lead stearate, tin and cadmium stearate . But cheap, low toxicity , good processing performance . And an epoxy compound with the zinc soap , a synergistic effect , can improve the thermal stability. Commonly used in food packaging films , medical equipment and other requirements nontoxic soft products . Also widely used as a polyolefin , polyester reinforced plastic , phenolic resin, amino resin, thermosetting plastics lubricant and release agent.
4 in cosmetics for face powder . Added to the powder in the powder adhesion, lubricity , spread the powder evenly and formability is good.

Simple exposition of sodium

Sodium stearate, calcium stearate and sodium chloride by metathesis reaction derived fine white powder , metallic calcium content of 6.5% , mp 149-155 ℃, heating loss is less than 2% , the relative density of 1.08 , fineness by 0.075mm sieve 99.5% , free acid ( as stearic acid ) 0.5% , in  red iron oxide the air, water absorption .
Sodium stearate, calcium stearate and sodium chloride by metathesis reaction derived fine white powder , metallic calcium content of 6.5% , mp 149-155 ℃, heating loss is less than 2% , the relative density of 1.08 , fineness by 0.075mm sieve 99.5% , free acid ( as stearic acid ) 0.5% , in the air, water absorption .
The product can be used as a thermal stabilizer of polyethylene , has excellent lubricity, good processability , and an epoxy compound  black iron oxide with zinc soap and having a synergistic effect , can improve the thermal stability, and the base of lead salts and lead soap and used hardware products , you can improve the speed of gelation . This product can be used in polyethylene and polypropylene resins to eliminate residual catalyst on the adverse effects of color and stability . This product is also widely used as a polyolefin , polyester reinforced plastic , phenolic resin, amino resin, thermosetting plastics lubricants and release agents.
Sodium stearate of formula Na (C18H35O2) { i.e. (C17H35COO) Na}, molecular weight 306.46 . 7.51% sodium containing stearic acid 92.50 , purity 99.5%. White powder or white block, with creamy , fatty taste , soluble Plastic chemical  in  water or alcohol-water solution is alkaline due to hydrolysis . Melting point 100 ~ 110 ℃, should be kept in kept in a cool , dry, well ventilated place . Sodium stearate, polyethylene can be used as a heat stabilizer , has excellent lubricity, good processability , and an epoxy compound with zinc soap and having a synergistic effect , can improve the thermal stability, and the base of lead salts and lead soaps and for hard products , the gelling speed can be improved . This product can be used in polyethylene and polypropylene resins to eliminate residual catalyst on the adverse effects of color and stability . This product is also widely used as a polyolefin , polyester reinforced plastic , phenolic resin, amino resin, thermosetting plastics lubricants and release agents .

What is aluminum sulfate gel

Aluminum sulfate is the use of aluminum sulfate gel alumina prepared with agglutination made. Some people will have a unifying role of aluminum sulfate adsorption called aluminum sulfate gel. Sodium silicate as  PVC foaming board stabilizer silica source, aluminum sulfate was prepared as the aluminum source is called aluminosilicate gel alumina xerogel. The use of aluminum sulfate sulfur aluminate-based high-water gel material modification
What is a gel
Gel refers to the zinc borate flame retardant  particle size between 1 Å to 10 Å mixture. Polymer solution and some of the sol, under the right conditions, the entire system will be converted into a flexible thick semi-solid material, loss of mobility. This phenomenon is called gelation, the resulting product is called a gel or gel.
What is the role of aluminum sulfate gel and
Aluminum sulfate gels and sintered iron-aluminum sulfate can also be used as raw material for production of high purity alumina, the latter as advanced ceramics and abrasives. Aluminum sulfate in the treatment of industrial and municipal waste water is used as a coagulant. To be PVC flame retardant   added to water, the reaction gelatinous precipitate alumina trihydrate, absorption settlement bacteria, colloids and other suspended substances. Aluminum sulfate gel medicine, aluminum sulfate gel has a virus removal effect, such as endotoxin, protein nucleic acids, viruses and microorganisms, commonly used in pediatric diarrhea, treatment of stomach problems.
Aluminum sulfate gel also serves as apples, watermelon rind pectin and so on. As the peel pectin gel precipitated salt and ferrous sulfate gel, polyacrylamide gel and the potassium permanganate gel.

cleaning products contain fluorescent agents

 Cleaning products on the market containing more fluorescent agents, and too alkaline , which will stimulate the child's skin . Many readers call the urban women reported , saying some cleaning products potassium stearate  are not marked as containing such ingredients, which can explain cleaning products do not fluorescent agent ? Current urban women reported news Laboratories, select market sales of five kinds of cleaning products for testing, at a wavelength of 365nm was observed under a UV lamp , only special infant detergent contain fluorescent agents , and the PH value of the minimum . Experts said fluorescent agents have potential carcinogenic fluorescent agent is a fluorescent dye , is a complex organic compounds. " A wash industry staff, said fluorescent agent attached to the clothes can absorb ultraviolet light, so the clothes glow bright white light. Due whitening effect is obvious, add it to the  heat stabilizer for panel detergent is common industry practice . Currently, marketed detergent , laundry detergent mostly contain this ingredient , those who claim to have "bright whiten and brighten ", " white factor " the efficacy of detergents containing fluorescent agent is more likely . " infants delicate skin, containing fluorescent agent products stimulate stronger. "
" Fluorescent agents as chemicals , absorbed by the body , it will become a potential carcinogen ." School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Professor Liu Si -chuan , a fluorescent agent is not easy to be broken , it will accumulate in the body , its toxic accumulation in the  aluminium distearate liver and other organs, and harm. Although the liquid detergent and washing powder fluorescent agent , diluted and rinse residual small, but personal clothing and infant clothes still need special care . " Washing agent containing a fluorescent product labeling ' infant clothing, underwear same applies " inappropriate . "
PH value reflects the absorption index irritation to human skin , too alkaline or too acidic stimulation to the skin both . He said that usually the normal washing powder PH value should be about 8 , if the washing powder PH value greater than 10, then are highly alkaline products. "Although beneficial alkaline washing clothes , but
Is an excess of alkaline substances will bring harm to clothing and skin . "He said , the public can buy PH value test strips at home cleaning products pH .

impact modifier and processing modifier some of the main features

Impact modifiers and processing modifier
( A ) impact modifiers and processing modifier function
1 , the performance of impact modifier
To improve the impact properties of plastic additives added for the purpose referred to as impact modifier . These  Plastic chemical additives can not only improve the impact strength of the resin , but also to improve the processability of the resin . Impact modifier is typically used in rigid PVC , but in polypropylene, polystyrene and modified plastics has universal application. Currently , rigid PVC impact modifier used mainly some copolymer resin or a modified resin such as ABS, MBS, EVA, CPE , and thermoplastic rubber , thermoplastic elastomers , which are widely used as PVC, PE, PP, PS, AS, ABS, PMMA, PA, PC, PBT, PET and so on. Impact modifier may be added into a ductile plastic brittle plastics can be applied only in the normal temperature of the plastic into a plastic used at low temperatures , in addition , can effectively improve the processing properties of plastics .
Ideal resistance modifier should have the following properties:
① and modification of the substrate must have a good compatibility.
② modifier particle size, morphology medium a diameter of about 200nm is appropriate to protect the effect is a high impact strength .
③ modifier to lower the glass transition temperature is preferred.
④ impact modifier preferably has slightly crosslinked to improve the reinforcing effect .
⑤ modifier processing properties of the resin without prejudice to its apparent performance and physical and mechanical properties without  plastic additive adverse effects.
⑥ requires non-toxic, non-polluting and affordable.
2 , the processing performance modifier
Processing modifier for plastic processing performance is poor and development of a class of additives that are added to improve the polymer in the molten resin flow , and a thermal stability, heat distortion resistance and surface gloss of the material products . Currently, the processing modifier is mainly to improve the melt viscosity of PVC , improved flowability and processability.
Processing modifier primarily polymer, the application is more acrylic copolymer , such as methyl methacrylate / acrylic acid copolymer system (MMA / FA system ) , methyl methacrylate / butyl methacrylate acrylate / ethyl acrylate / methyl methacrylate copolymer systems (MMA / BMA / EA / EMA system ) , methyl methacrylate / ethyl acrylate / acrylonitrile copolymer system (MMA / EA / AN system ), etc. The amount of resin added is usually from 3% to 8%.
( Two ) impact modifiers and processing modifier classification and species
1 , impact modifiers and species classification
① acrylonitrile - butadiene - styrene copolymer (ABS): ABS resin is a graft copolymer of polybutadiene latex is added to the styrene and acrylonitrile monomers copolymerized . Impact modifier for PVC, ABS has a good effect, the toughening effect, while the tensile strength and elongation decrease is small, the general amount of 10% to 20%. ABS resin due  antimony flame retardant to the presence of unsaturated structures , weather is poor, so products should not be long-term outdoor use . ABS resin is less than the compatibility with PVC, MBS, the product transparency is not as good MBS copolymer ; such as a transparent ABS and PVC blends can obtain a transparent products. When the ABS dosage of 20% to 30 %, the impact strength with excellent results.

pvc heat stabilizer some elaborate

 With many countries in the world for environmental awareness and increasingly severe environmental problems , related health problems in people's daily lives by everyone concerned . PVC products used as an extremely wide range of general plastic surface , in the traditional PVC heat stabilizers , containing heavy metals such as lead salt heat stabilizer has a good cost advantage , is widely used . However, with the  chromium oxide deepening of understanding and found that in the manufacturing process have serious dust pollution, once absorbed by the body after can not be excreted , seriously affecting the health of production workers ; while PVC products containing lead salts in the course will be varies with time precipitation , which also affects the user 's health, especially in medicine and health, children's toys and food packaging-related products is particularly serious. Therefore, the traditional heavy metal toxic heat stabilizers will be fully replaced . Future PVC heat stabilizers are mainly concentrated in the direction of non-toxic calcium / zinc composite heat stabilizer and organic tin  dibasic lead phosphate in two ways. Ca / Zn compound stabilizer due to excellent overall performance and cost-effectiveness will ultimately shape the future country PVC stabilizer system of the subject. It is also about to become the next phase of PVC heat stabilizers hotspot.
In summary , pvc heat stabilizer study related subjects in previous studies , based on the liquid calcium / zinc composite heat stabilizer metal soap synthesis and complex research to improve synthesis process , improve heat stabilizer comprehensive performance to meet the  stearate aluminum future needs of multi-functional stabilizer for the relevant enterprises and research institutions to provide a reference . And soft , transparent PVC heat stabilizer complex study to improve thermal stability . If these problems are resolved , there will be our country's non-toxic environmentally friendly PVC heat stabilizers to a higher level , widening environmentally friendly composite heat stabilizer market and shorten the gap with foreign countries . For widening liquid calcium / zinc composite heat stabilizer field of use has a positive meaning , and will directly promote the upgrading and development of the PVC industry .

Pigment ink and dye ink and optional performance comparison

I do not know is because the manufacturers of publicity or because pigment ink dye ink expensive than reason, many users in the choice of their precious ink and ink cartridges that they will think that the dye ink pigment ink than good. In fact, pigment ink and dye ink each have their own strengths, and can not say who is better than anyone else, but for users who use the cartridge nozzle, add dye ink is a more appropriate choice. impact modifier
Pigment inks are composed of molecules aggregate than its minimum unit of larger molecular diameter of the dye ink, ranging from 50 to 200 nm, usually in the form of an opaque liquid. Pigment ink right image point, which is powdered ink, of course, this is just kind of image of the statement, and not accurate enough. Be precise to say that it is the solid pigment grind into very small particles, in particular water soluble solvent is called a half solution or a suspension solution, with the nature of our pigment dyeing the same clothes. With dye-based inks penetrate into the media re-formation of color theory exactly the opposite, it is through the color material attached to the medium (such as copy paper or printing paper) to the surface of hair color. Thus, under the influence of the outside of the first etching only damage the molecular structure of the outermost layer, which the structure is not easily destroyed, the outer layer is damaged after molecules, fading and other phenomena will appear. For color printing, due to the outer polymeric pigment ink, it does not make good performance of color and vividness of color, even in the light printing on a flat surface such as paper can not be printed glossy images, which is why general use pigment ink print out the reason things are not shiny. PVC lubricant
Dye ink dye ink is fully dissolved molecular ink, usually 1 to 2 nanometers in diameter, Dan Chun supplies INKOOL leading technology brands of carbon ink is more in diameter and close to zero; This ink was complete complex solution, blocking Garra The probability is very small, easy to be absorbed by the material after printing, and print on paper in smooth, light radiation performance is very good, so the capacity is relatively strong color reproduction, print out the picture colorful, but cost and low cost; However, unlike the dye ink Pigment ink as a protective surface layer of the polymer, so harsh conditions, the molecules easily decomposed, resulting in discoloration.

Solvent-based pigment ink characteristics and their use

In today's new generation of colorful ink, so that people really feel the microelectronic technology has created a true representation of beauty, outdoor advertising people feel huge in progress throughout society: from apes to humans in order to create these as real now a huge screen ah. Can even say that without these, how explain social progress and human evolution? In the multi-level marketing confused intricate patterns analyzed, the rise of the advertising industry, inkjet printers inkjet printer with its strong performance, broad application prospects, as well as in relation to other media more cheaply, more convenient, and efficient production process, etc. advantages, increasingly favored by the advertising industry, is now widely used in posters, light boxes, exhibition stands and other fields. Plastic impact modifier
Printing industry from domestic to imported foreign inkjet printers inkjet printer, but its high price prohibitive for many advertising companies. But with the development of the domestic advertising industry and domestic brand competition, imported brands inkjet printers inkjet printer then gradually lowered prices for the majority of customers to accept. However, commonly used internationally pigment ink (pigment ink, water-based and solvent-divided), while many domestic advertising printing company because of cost considerations are using dye ink (dye ink). With the advertising industry and international standards, and the pursuit of higher quality advertisers advertising works, pigment ink will become the industry trend. PVC lubricant
Physical Performance Comparison: Solvent based pigment ink overcome photochemical activity of the dye, the pigment can be understood as a dye precipitate or similar inert material sand. Its leg color and change is extremely slow, outdoors can be maintained for a long time does not fade. Technological aspects: Dye ink in outdoor light irradiation will quickly fade, only suitable for indoor use, and does not scratch-proof. The use of solvent-based pigment ink, you can have three years without lamination weather force, can save the trouble gluing and coating manufacturing processes, where can achieve short delivery. Investment costs, the use of solvent-based paints do not need film processing machinery and materials, and without special coating printed materials, direct printing, direct use, you can achieve lower costs.
Printing efficiency, combined solvent printer using the new print head, the printer performance greatly improved. Domestic product in the outdoor pigment ink used when printing, and pigment ink suitable indoor and outdoor use, and in line with international trends advertising and printing, and continuous improvement in the product itself, to stimulate domestic enterprises solvent-based pigment ink study.