WSD PVC stabilizer and many types of different combinations

PVC stabilizers, and many different types of combinations , generally can be divided according to the chemical composition of the lead salt , metal soaps ( such as stearic acid metal soaps, including barium, cadmium , calcium, lead and zinc soaps , etc. ) , organic tin epoxy esters and chelating agents ( such as phosphorous acid ) and the like. Currently, lead salt stabilizer is still the largest amount of a stabilizer . 1999 in North America , Western Europe, Japan, the consumption structure of heat stabilizers are listed in Table 1-1. Lead salt stabilizer total heat stabilizers PVC stabilizer in the share , with the countries and regions vary. 60,50 and 17% , accounting for the total heat stabilizers Western Europe, Japan and North America lead salt stabilizer. In these products , a product can be made into powder, granular, flake and pellets can melt and the like. " A package " is likely to exist between the additive type product synergies , thereby enhancing the stability of results, and eliminates the need for cumbersome calculation for each additive , easy to use and store the user , but also to reduce waste of resources and environmental pollution . Representative products in foreign markets have AKGros of Interlite series. Development of rare earth and composite metal soaps such as non-toxic stabilizer is one of the development trend of heat stabilizer industry internationally . 1999 in North America, Western Europeplastic processing aid and Japan, consumption of heat stabilizers were about 8, 16 and 70 thousand tons / a, a total of about 310,000 t / a, is expected to demand in 2004 in North America and Western Europe, heat stabilizers are 10 and 170,000 tons in 1999 to 2004 , the average growth rates of 4.2% and 1.0%. Japanese demand is maintained at about 70,000 tons . Lead salt heat stabilizer below the average growth rate of demand growth or negative growth trend, and composite ( especially toxic Ca / Zn) heat stabilizers demand growth higher than the average growth rate , the reason is that strict environmental regulations worldwide technology , national attention to the environment due to human survival . Due to the global limit toxic heavy metal salts used in PVC processing , product adjustment to accelerate the pace of new products , development of new formulations of very active.

Environmental plasticizer widely used physical and chemical methods

 I produced the environmental plasticizers plasticity agent for the cold type environmental plasticizers, it has a high plasticizing effect, good compatibility with the product, no oil leakage, no overflow, non-volatile, and high brightness products, the product can replace the original plastic additives dibutyl, dioctyl, the price is much lower than similar products. It is widely used in PVC plastics, rubber, sealing  WSD aluminium stearate strips, car tires, footwear, cables, plastic sheeting, granulation, waterproofing membrane, polyurethane waterproof coating, leather, plate, sheet, PVC hoses, shoe soles materials, rubber boots, etc., is an environmentally friendly green rubber industry plasticizer.
  Plasticized rubber material that can be applied in some of the rubber, the rubber can make the interaction between the molecules is reduced, thereby reducing the glass transition temperature of the rubber, rubber-Sik plasticity, fluidity, easy rolling, extrusion molding, etc. operations, while also Some vulcanized rubber to improve mechanical properties such as hardness and reduced modulus, high elasticity and gives lower heat, cold, etc. improve.
The rubber can be plasticized by physical and chemical methods. Including chemical plasticizing the plasticized masticated masticated rubber processing technology are, at the time of plasticized synthetic rubber in the rubber through chemical reaction the introduction of the flexible molecular chain structure of the molecule can be increased to achieve the purpose of the plasticized . Not because of the chemical plasticized material from the plasticizing effect of volatile or precipitates lose its role plasticizing effect for a long time and therefore more attention. Physical plasticizing additional material refers to a method to achieve the purpose of plasticizing the purpose of said plasticized usually WSD Chrolinated polyethylene  refers to the physical plasticized physical plasticizing substances known to soften the external environmental plasticizers.
Rubber softening environmental plasticizers usually divided according to their polarity and use softeners and environmentally friendly plasticizer. Derived from natural substances, called for a non-polar rubber softener; mainly used polar synthetic rubber or plastic  WSD stearic acid material called environmentally friendly plasticizer. Currently the industry collectively environmental plasticizers.
Environmental plasticizer used in the production process should meet the following conditions: plasticizing effect, with less absorption speed, good compatibility with rubber, small volatility, do not migrate, cold is good, water, oil and solvent resistance, heat resistance, light resistance, electrical insulation, flame resistance and good resistance to bacteria, colorless, non-toxic, cheap and so on.

Status and trends of non-toxic PVC heat stabilizers

Status and trends of non-toxic PVC heat stabilizers
Polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride PVC is second only to the world's second-largest synthetic resin production over 90,000 , however , PVC , there are some shortcomings difficult to overcome , including poor thermal stability was most prominent. PVC due to poor thermal stability , softening temperature and decomposition temperature difference is small , has caused great difficulties to the process , so the process  Aluminum hydroxide must be added a certain amount of heat stabilizers to improve its thermal stability. Currently , lead salt is the largest amount of heat stabilizer. In building a harmonious society and ensure the sustainable development of the premise that people 's awareness of environmental protection and health gradually strengthened, therefore , low toxicity , no pollution, has become complex and efficient development direction of PVC heat stabilizers .
Thermal stability of PVC resin
PVC is one of the oldest  plastic additive synthetic thermoplastics , has difficulty burning, good mechanical properties, low prices, abundant sources of raw materials , synthetic mature technology , which is widely used in construction, telecommunications , transportation, electronics, chemicals , packaging and other industries. PVC heat stabilizers in the heat or subjected to high energy radiation, such as ultraviolet light , "the impact of de- hcl autocatalytic reaction occurs , the thermal decomposition mechanism is generally believed that there are zinc stearate  three kinds of radical mechanism oxygenated environment ; . ( 2 ) ion mechanism under a nitrogen atmosphere ; main factors ( 3 ) single molecular mechanism under vacuum conditions affect the thermal decomposition is pvc chain structure , refers to a branched , double, allyl chloride, head structure and molecular weight of conjugated double bonds etc. "effect ; addition, oxygen , HCL additives and other external factors also have an impact .

metal soap stabilizers simple hungry applications

Metal soap as a stabilizer , mainly for the plastics industry , particularly PVC use more. Stabilizers for PVC , mostly cadmium, barium, calcium, zinc , aluminum, magnesium salts of higher  Acrylic processing aid fatty acids , especially stearic acid and lauric acid salts. They play the role of hydrogen chloride acceptor , a carboxyl group and a metal soap PVC replacement reaction of the chlorine atoms , the esterification of PVC stabilized. In most cases, the esterification reaction rate ZnCdPdCaBa. Because cadmium toxicity, have now banned . Zinc soap is best complementary stabilizer, but long-term stability is poor , the price cheaper , non-toxic , can be used in food  carbon black powder packaging films . Common Ownership zinc stearate , zinc laurate , ... PVC heat stabilizers generally based on processing tribasic lead sulfate ( three salt ) , dibasic lead stearate ( two salt ) -based, then add a small amount of lead stearate ( hard lead ) and calcium stearate ( hard calcium ) , may be used alone , can be reasonable, made ​​of composite lead salt stabilizer. The toxicity of lead cause for great concern , three salt , two lead salt stabilizer higher indifferent people , and thus the metal soap -based heat stabilizer ( particularly a lead-free metal soap ) for people concerned , the thermal stability of the metal soap mechanism has become a hot topic. Because PVC heat stabilizers in the production aspect is  Plastic chemical protected by patents , so there is no reported its exact composition and content . Commercial heat stabilizers are commercially available mixture of various compounds . Mixture is better than pure substances stabilizing effect . Meanwhile , in dealing PVC heat stabilizers are required to carefully consider its toxicity. PVC, processors and consumers should pay attention to warnings about the toxicity of stabilizer .

The main impact modifiers some simple effects

The reason why certain polymers show brittle at room temperature , which is mainly determined by the structure of the polymer itself . Polymer
The brittleness and its molecular main chain flexibility , the molecular chain of the more flexible , its brittleness is smaller , whereas the greater brittleness . All Movies
A flexible polymer chain affected by factors such as the main chain structure , a substituted group, the polymerization degree , crosslinking degree of the polymer can affect the brittle
Sex . To improve the toughness of the  heat stabilizer for foaming board material , the following three main ways : in
Rubber component introduced into the polymer structure , as in the bulk polymerization of styrene butadiene component may be introduced in
Preparation of high-impact polystyrene
HIPS, which in situ in the reaction kettle modification techniques suitable for mass production . In
Introducing the polymer backbone monomers low glass transition temperature , such as bisphenol
A polycarbonate raw
Production . Through
After some modification method would have the effect of toughening complexes were blended with polymer materials ,
Thereby enhancing the impact properties of polymeric materials . Such complexes known as impact modifiers , these additives is mainly used polyvinyl chloride
Ene, polystyrene and other plastics . The PVC lubricant  modified method has the freedom and flexibility characteristics.
1.1
Mechanism of impact modifier
The impact modifier in the polymer research, although there are a large number of scholars have carried out a series of fruitful work , but to
Today there are some issues unresolved , so it is no unified theory. Different scholars have proposed a different interpretation ,
Summarized in the following: rubber absorbs energy theory , shear yield theory, theory of cracks , crazing shear zone management
On other . Due to the use of rubber or elastomer -modified impact of plastics material will also reduce the rigidity of the self
Since there has been replaced by rigid particles of rubber and elastomer toughened polymers ideas, and the corresponding emergence of non-
Rigid polymer particle toughening machine theory .
Rubber absorbs energy theory
Is stretched when the cross section is substantially found not shrink , thereby setting
Want to cavitation occurs inside the material and the density becomes small ( approximately 8% reduction )
Year. They think its elongation stress whitening phenomenon
Is generated within the material of the hole caused by the scattering of light . Therefore, the argument put forward : when the material strain , in its internal generated a lot of very fine cracks , then there must be a
Of rubber particles across the crack , thus preventing rapid crack
Rapid expansion , while the rubber particles in its consumption of energy during deformation due
, Thereby improving the toughness of the material . As shown, located
Rubber particles in a growth of the crack face , such that material by
To break the impact absorbed energy equal to the PVC profile stabilizer  Brittle Fracture
We can add on to be broken rubber particles acting combined. While
Explained tensile yield , must assume the formation of a large number of micro- cracks in the rubber particles absorb energy schematic
And each micro-cracks were blocked by rubber particles , micro-cracks are adjacent the substrate a thin layer of polystyrene are separated . Thus, a large tensile strain can be micro- cracks open, the rubber particles are
Elongated and polystyrene layers bend to achieve. Accordingly, they assume that the rubber particles have a "bridge " effect as well as particles having a high flexibility and good adhesion to the substrate with the premise . This theory is that it is the lack of attention to the rubber , while ignoring the polymer matrix . Toughened polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride is concerned, both in the fracture behavior of a significant difference , which is not easy to explain the theory of micro-cracks

zinc stearate some of the main hazards

Zinc stearate : Mixture Zn (C18H35O2) 2 632.2
WARNING ! Dust in the air to form an explosive concentration
Hazard class hazardous .
Health Hazard Class 2 - Moderate ( biological )
Ene hazard class 2 can - Moderate
Reactivity level 1 - mild
Zinc stearate : skin contact, eye contact , chronic exposure , medical history contraindications , excessive inhalation PVC heat stabilizer for profile  of dust can cause coughing and breathing difficulties. Eating large doses can cause abdominal cramps and diarrhea. Cause skin irritation ; prolonged contact may cause skin eczema. Cause eye swelling and pain . Excessive inhalation may cause long-term worsening of the chemical pneumoconiosis, verticillium wilt and pulmonary edema. Persons suffering from skin diseases, respiratory failure or pulmonary disease who avoid exposure to such dust calcium stearate dissolved in toluene , ethanol, benzene and other  Polyethylene wax organic solvents , insoluble in water , slowly heated to 400 ℃, decomposition, combustible , case decomposition of stearic acid and corresponding calcium salt , water absorption, non-toxic. Calcium stearate as PVC stabilizers and lubricants , non-toxic , non- polluting sulfide . Long-term thermal stability.
Calcium stearate uses:
 Calcium stearate heat stabilizer for PVC and a variety of plastics processing lubricant , release agent . In rigid products , and the base of lead salts , lead soap can increase the coagulation of speed. Also used in food packaging, medical equipment and other requirements nontoxic soft iron oxide yellow  film and equipment. Can be made of polyethylene , polypropylene , halogen absorbent to remove residual catalyst and stability of color adverse effects. As a plasticizer in rubber processing , grease thickening agent, textile waterproofing agent , paint flatting agents, plasticizers and other manufacturing plastic album . Also used in pencil manufacturing and pharmaceutical , perfume industry .

plasticizer industry continues to change

 Plasticizer is the world's largest production and consumption of plastic additives . In recent years, environmental awareness around the world , pharmaceutical and food packaging, daily Aluminum hydroxide  necessities , toys and other plastic products such as the primary plasticizer DOP of a higher purity and hygiene requirements.
Plasticizer is the world's largest production and consumption of plastic additives . In recent years , China has become Asia plasticizer production and consumption of most countries. With environmental awareness around the world , pharmaceutical and food packaging, daily necessities , toys and other plastic products such as the primary plasticizer DOP of a higher purity and hygiene requirements. But the current domestic Chlorinated paraffin  production of primary plasticizer in many performance especially health , low toxicity and so difficult to meet environmental requirements. EU imports from China and Russia have found plastic toys originating in China some of the plastic toys found to contain toxic PVC plasticized N- a isononyl phthalate (DINP) and dibutyl phthalate ethylhexyl (DEHP, or called DOP).
For a long time mainly phthalate plasticizer products, but with the DOP in the food , pharmaceutical and industrial applications more widely , it is more and more attention to its toxicity . It was stearic acid  found that when people type in a PVC bag storage of blood, in the human body , especially in the lungs were found to have DOP products exist.

PVC heat stabilizers commonly used test method

To introduce PVC heat stabilizers are two common test methods. A process called : Torque Rheometer test method ; second is called roll blackening pilot testing method .
PVC heat stabilizers torque  plastic flame retardant rheometer test method
Mimic the actual torque rheometer PVC processing a typical small pilot-type apparatus . Outside of the instrument a closed processing tank , connected to the instrument by the computer can control the machining tank temperature, and within two roll speed , torque rheometer added quality of materials is generally 60 ~ 80 g, depending on the apparatus and different models . Experimental steps of: preparing in advance with different thermal stabilizer masterbatch based on PVC masterbatch formulation , in addition to other ships and ACR, CPE, CaCO3, TiO2, lubricants and the like . Torque Rheometer advance the set temperature , when the temperature rose to specify and steady speed , will be weighed mixture added processing chamber , quickly closed records  aluminium stearate on a computer connected to a variety of parameters , namely flow curve . After processing , you can also get different extrudate physical characteristics , such as whiteness, whether shaping , smoothness and so on. These parameters can determine the corresponding potential industrial heat stabilizers , heat stabilizers suitable shall have suitable torque and plasticizing time of the extrudate should be preferably molded and whiteness, surface smoothing . Torque rheometer in laboratory studies and between industrialized mass production to build a convenient bridge.
PVC heat stabilizers roll blackening test
Determination of thermal stability as a PVC stabilizer for fittings  dynamic effect of a class of helper methods , dynamic two-roll used in the absence of the rheometer , the experiment instrument select double rolled sheet , which together with the high-speed mixed powder , compression molding , the resulting samples were subjected to extruded repeatedly until the black test piece until completely black record time , the time is called blackening . Blackening by comparing the length of time to determine the type of thermal stabilizer effect of the thermal stability of PVC .

impact modifier of some simple exposition

The reason why certain polymers show brittle at room temperature , which is mainly determined by the structure of the polymer itself . Polymer
The brittleness and its molecular  Diethylene glycol dibenzoate main chain flexibility , the molecular chain of the more flexible , its brittleness is smaller , whereas the greater brittleness . All Movies
A flexible polymer chain affected by factors such as the main chain structure , a substituted group, the polymerization degree , crosslinking degree of the polymer can affect the brittle
Sex . To improve the toughness of the material , the following three main ways : in
Rubber component introduced into the polymer structure , as in the bulk polymerization of styrene butadiene component may be introduced in
Preparation of high-impact polystyrene (
HIPS, which in situ in the reaction kettle modification techniques suitable for mass production . In
Introducing the polymer backbone monomers low glass transition temperature , such as bisphenol
A polycarbonate raw
Production . Through
After some modification method would have the effect of toughening complexes were blended with polymer materials ,
Thereby enhancing the impact properties of polymeric materials . Such complexes known as impact modifiers , these additives is mainly used polyvinyl chloride
Ene, polystyrene and other plastics . The modified method has the freedom and flexibility characteristics.
1.1
Mechanism of impact modifier
The impact modifier in the polymer research, although there are a large number of scholars have carried out a series of fruitful work , but to
Today there are some issues unresolved , so it is no unified theory. Different scholars have proposed a different interpretation ,
Summarized in the following: rubber absorbs energy theory , shear yield theory, theory of cracks , crazing shear zone management
On other . Due to the use of rubber or elastomer -modified impact of plastics material will also reduce the rigidity of the self
Since there has been replaced by rigid particles of rubber and elastomer toughened polymers ideas, and the aluminium distearate  corresponding emergence of non-
Rigid polymer particle toughening machine theory .
Rubber absorbs energy theory
Is stretched when the cross section is substantially found not shrink , thereby setting
Want to cavitation occurs inside the material and the density becomes small ( approximately 8% reduction )
Year. They think its elongation stress whitening phenomenon
Is generated within the material of the hole caused by the scattering of light . Therefore, the argument put forward : when the material strain , in its internal generated a lot of very fine cracks , then there must be a
Of rubber particles across the crack , thus preventing rapid crack
Rapid expansion , while the rubber particles in its consumption of energy during deformation due
, Thereby improving the toughness of the material . As shown, located
Rubber particles in a growth of the  PVC processing aid crack face , such that material by
To break the impact absorbed energy equal to the Brittle Fracture
We can add on to be broken rubber particles acting combined. While
Explained tensile yield , must assume the formation of a large number of micro- cracks in the rubber particles absorb energy schematic
And each micro-cracks were blocked by rubber particles , micro-cracks are adjacent the substrate a thin layer of polystyrene are separated . Thus, a large tensile strain can be micro- cracks open, the rubber particles are
Elongated and polystyrene layers bend to achieve. Accordingly, they assume that the rubber particles have a "bridge " effect as well as particles having a high flexibility and good adhesion to the substrate with the premise . This theory is that it is the lack of attention to the rubber , while ignoring the polymer matrix . Toughened polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride is concerned, both in the fracture behavior of a significant difference , which is not easy to explain the theory of micro-cracks

metal soap heat stabilizers some of the described

 Metal soap heat stabilizers
Metal soap heat stabilizers narrative theory and literature very much, this article highlights only some of the most easily accepted to be introduced . As it relates to compatibility with the  plastic additive majority of the metal soap heat stabilizers are not suitable for rigid PVC products . Soft PVC products contain a significant proportion of plasticizer , thereby PVC resin solubility parameter range becomes wide , metal soap heat stabilizers play space increases, so the metal soap heat stabilizers in the market mostly focused on soft or semi- rigid PVC products.
Metal soap heat stabilizers heat agencies
Hydrochloric acid or free chlorine atoms caused by both the decomposition of PVC resin starting material , in principle, as long as the source of HCl cut decomposition of PVC resin can be prevented . Metal soaps (Metal Soap) basic role is to pyrolysis of PVC resin in the release of hydrochloric acid or free chlorine atoms immediately be absorbed , and finally then transferred into harmless metal chlorides . Called " harmless metal chlorides ," theoretically no longer continue the catalytic decomposition of PVC resin capacity .
Metal soap is a metal part of the capture hydrochloric acid or free chlorine , hydrogen radical part of the acceptance ; capture hydrogen chloride and receive capability must be some balance . After absorption of hydrochloric acid metal soap will be converted into metal chlorides , however, some of the metal chloride in PVC resin accumulated to a certain concentration , the still enough to endanger PVC resin . At this point a second metal soap harmful to metal chlorides manner by chemical reactions consumed , and then into another harmless metal chloride .
To meet the above requirements , the recipe must be merged within the two metals usually soap . The first stage is chemically immediate and effective absorption of hydrochloric acid, macroscopic manifestation is excellent early color . The second stage is formed after the absorption of hydrochloric acid metal chloride into harmless non-acidic or metal  organic pigments chloride , this step refers to a final desired coloring .
Although the first metal soap formed after absorption of HCl may still acidic metal chloride , PVC resin, or will continue to catalytic decomposition. However, selecting the first one metallic soap still tend to focus only when the "immediate and effective absorption of HCl ," so the first PVC resin, a metal soap in the ability to be absorbed very strong acid . The second metal soap in function stress " will be accumulated consumed metal chloride or exclusion " , so choose the time of the second metal soap must focus on whether or not it has a strong tendency and metal chlorides react. The use of a second metal soap acidic metal chlorides into no acidic metal chloride , and finally achieve full protection PVC resin effect.
Heat resistant metal soap stabilizer mechanism may briefly expressed as follows :
A first metallic soap + HCl → a first fatty acid metal chloride + first + second metal chlorides of metals soaps → first metal of the second metal chloride soap +
In the earliest cadmium stearate , barium stearate powder stabilizers , for example, to play a chemical reaction heat function is as follows. Powder barium cadmium heat stabilizer chemical reactions are involved
Cd (C17H35COO) 2 + 2HCl → CdCl2 + 2C17H35COOH
( Cadmium stearate ) ( hydrochloric acid ) ( cadmium chloride ) ( stearic acid )
Ba (C17H35COO) 2 + CdCl2 → BaCl2 + Cd (C17H35COO) 2
( Barium stearate ) ( cadmium chloride ) ( barium chloride ) ( cadmium stearate )
Question: Why does not directly or barium stearate alone ?
Metal chlorides species very much, but in the field of thermal stabilizers , zinc, cadmium , antimony and aluminum chloride ( e.g. , zinc chloride, cadmium chloride , etc. ) or a strong acid itself , will still be catalyzed PVC resin continuation of decomposition. The barium and calcium chloride because it is not acidic , so even if the concentration is not accumulated to a considerable extent induce deterioration of PVC resin . In other words , PVC resin accumulated too much if the zinc chloride or cadmium chloride , will accelerate the decomposition of PVC resin ; if barium or calcium accumulated in the PVC resin has no effect .
If the recipe is only within the cadmium or zinc stearate, stearic acid , even if the initial processing will have a good effect of heat , can be expected to post machining heat effect is not ideal . Only within the formula barium stearate , it is a final coloring is very good, but not good initial coloring . Individual hot metal soap stabilizers single product , the heat effect is very poor, so commercial heat stabilizer metallic soap must be at least a combination of two or more metal soaps.
The characteristics of a single product metal soap
Barium soaps are very polar metallic soap a thermal stabilizer , its heat resistance is very good. A high melting point of barium soap , the processing temperature is not enough to melt most of the barium complex soap . Hot liquid barium zinc stabilizer , and white blowing agent  barium zinc cadmium heat stabilizer composition is very complex, difficult soluble barium soaps wherein a metallic soap . Barium soap following features:
Final color is very good, but not exceptional initial coloring .
No UV protection , it does not have a weather resistance.
Add excessive, machine surface precipitation trend stronger ; fact precipitated barium soap machine surface phenomena are all metal soaps in the most obvious .
Suitable for use with all types of metal soaps , play synergistic effect .
Hard or soft machining are no problem.
Cadmium soap gelling properties of exceptional merit , is the most traditional one metal soap heat stabilizers . Cadmium soap that require transparency and weather resistance of soft PVC products , the play

Fluorescent brightener describes some

[ FWA ] fluorescence banknote paper with special fluorescent and fluorescent technology manufacturing yuan bill , authorities have not released on the " fluorescent note" For more  calcium zinc stabilizer information , allegedly belonging to state-issued "experimental" , circulation number is unknown, but compared with the general yuan , certainly much less.
Fluorescence note is the rise of a new kind of coin collection , allegedly considerable amount of surviving fluorescent banknote rare, belongs to all of the coins were only a fluorescence test banknote counterfeiting technology , is a special investment products, the antimony flame retardant  success rate of fluorescence banknote printing only a few percent , so the coin is extremely valuable.
Some experts believe that the fourth set of RMB fluorescent banknote will be the fourth set of RMB future mainstream collections , and fourth sets of Siamese will occupy the same position . Note in each one fluorescence under fluorescent lamp , with different special fine patterns.
Fluorescence notes in the fourth set of RMB and fifth set of RMB transition process occurs . Because of the  carbon black fourth set , collection rates have been five sets of RMB Scoop high, collectors began to study another version of the yuan , only to find a fluorescent note this phenomenon.
Money market began pursuit of speculation, " fluorescent note " name , are based on the RMB appears under fluorescent pattern named . For example , there is a fourth set of RMB version else a dime , under fluorescent light will shine like the blue skies of blue sky, white light shining silver , so called " blue sky day " ;

pvc heat stabilizers tribasic environmental pollution

The chemical synthesis of many of stabilizer on the environment are likely to cause environmental pollution , the tribasic pvc heat stabilizer is also the possibility of the existence of such . Now we are on pvc heat stabilizers tribasic whether to make an  titanium dioxide anatase environmental impact assessment of environmental pollution .
In general tribasic lead sulfate production process, waste mainly from lead dust and lead ions in wastewater, dust pollution comes mainly from feeding port , mill outlet , wastewater pollution from lead acetate containing a small amount of soluble waste .
H-1 of tribasic lead sulfate production process , including the non-toxic , inert filler dispersion inverted solution, then tio2 rutile  adding soluble lead salts , under the action of the polar molecules to coat the inert filler , solid-liquid separation and drying packaging derived products. This technology and traditional production of three salt , a decrease from the pulverizing step , one of which is important to reduce contamination. H-1 reproduction in three salt water , but the reaction with the conventional production of three different salts , lead acetate without formation of carbonate ions  low molecular polyethylene in water , with water can be combined to generate Pb + ions lead carbonate precipitate. Because of lead carbonate solubility product of only 5 * 10-13 . Solubility is very small , so the low levels of lead in water , the water treatment plant to generate funding for heavy metal wastewater treatment water treatment plant , emission concentrations up to 0.8mg / L below .

Fluorescent Brightener 207 Fluorescent Material Identification

Fluorescent Brightener ] fluorescent material identification diamond ring ring care Material Identification Method One: sensory testing the quality of wedding ring .
Look diamond color [ 1 ] : gold is yellow , K gold yellow , red , and white multicolor, while imitation gold PVC heat stabilizer for profile  products , mostly copper alloy, lighter in color . Weigh weight : Gold accounted for 19.3g/cm3 considerably higher than the proportion of imitation gold products , such as a gold ring is 5 grams, while the same size imitation gold products generally less than 3 grams.
Diamond ring ring care Material Identification Method Two: Check mark.
Origin should play with precious metal jewelry , manufacturers , materials and content mark, unimpressed product is substandard products. Inspection agencies such as quality problems can be  carbon black powder detected according to Mark to give judgment . Consumers want to buy according to their own needs imprint brands and different gold gold jewelry.
Diamond ring ring care Material Identification Method three : Professional bodies have been identified .
If you need to know exactly the content of precious metal jewelry or a quality dispute should go to the jewelry quality inspection agency , the use of physical or chemical analysis methods were identified. Need to check carefully when buying jewelry inlaid stone , welding is solid without fracture , glitches , such as trachoma . Diamond ring ring care Material Identification Method four : Platinum 950 Platinum 900 difference.
Platinum abbreviated PT, we basically know PT950, generally platinum oxidized polyehtylene  ring is used for this type of material means any material containing 95% platinum jewelry components , and the remaining 5% for other precious metals, imprint of Pt950. Relative T900 containing 90% platinum jewelry components , and the remaining 10% for other precious metals, imprint of Pt900. More hard suited diamonds PT900 , PT950 relatively pure and soft , higher purity , more preservation. Most are Pt900 platinum setting , but there are a few vendors with Pt950 production setting.

PVC lubricants - PVC lubricants Introduction

Application: PVC lubricants in the dibasic lead phosphite  plastics industry mainly used as mold release agents , plasticizers , antistatic agents , especially suitable for plastic foam products, anti-shrinkage agent. In the  production of PVC products as an internal lubricant , and alkyd resin can be used as a modifier , plasticizer nitrocellulose . Lubricant in the plastics processing flowability of the blowing agent  resin to improve the releasability and products to prevent the machine or mold adhesion and internal defects . General increase in the molding cavity or onto the surface . Common lubricants are fatty acids and their salts, long chain aliphatic hydrocarbons. The mechanism of action based lubricants can be divided into external lubricant and internal lubricant.
( 1) External Lubricant: The lubricant for molding resin compatibility is poor , so commonly used in the molding machine or the mold, it forms a lubricating layer between the resin , to facilitate resin flow and mold release products such as paraffin .
( 2 ) an internal lubricant : Lubricant such good compatibility with the resin , often incorporated into the yellow iron oxide  resin , reduce the melt viscosity of the resin , to improve their mobility . Such as butyl stearate , lead stearate . Stearic acid salts as well a lubricant is effective stabilizers.

PVC stabilizers status

Compared with other plastics, under the same conditions in the stabilization of PVC requires more significant problem. Mainly due to
If the PVC is unstable, then it magnesium stearate  can not be processed, and immediately be severe degradation and severe discoloration is
Elephant. PVC with suitable additives and stabilizers are varied, so that the development of the work into a specific
Industry sector. Which accounted for the heat stabilizer for panel  first based on barium / Fort Worth-based organometallic compounds of lead, in addition, some organic stabilizers
Has a certain importance. For future development, to discuss a given purpose "stable compound" possibilities. Affect
PVC PVC degradation factors as thermal decomposition activation energy minimum (except than polyvinyl alcohol), so
Its specialized stabilization is very necessary. Whether fast (processing) or slow (aging) thermal degradation, the degradation
The most obvious feature of the tio2 rutile  process is the presence of oxygen in the air with automatic catalytic dehydrochlorination of nature "'
]. Due to the complex ions and radicals chemical processes, reconciliation set PVC action by gathering damage mountains. Multiple
Total playing double generation and Springboard base by base and oxidation caused a color change in the Ming and mechanical properties. Trace metals, especially
Do not iron and zinc will accelerate the degradation process yang. Terminal groups of the polymer and the additive materials of the reaction is also a great shadow ...

the nature of the pigment

 1 Color pigment: a pigment component of the white light selective absorption results. Physical properties of the pigment dispersion, within certain limits affect the color, because the pigment dispersion effect reflection condition, generally the smaller the particle by, the deeper the color, the greater the brightness.
(2) Opacity: pigment in the  tin stabilizer paint film that can be exposed from the coating film covering the surface of the coating film is that it is not exposed through capability.
3. Tinting strength: a color with another color mixing ability to form color intensity, tinting strength, dosage less.
4 Oil absorption: the size of the pigment oil absorption and dispersion degree, but not alone decide the  white blowing agent degree of dispersion.
5 particle size: not only determines the characteristics of the pigment, but also determines the quality of the coating.
6 Lightfastness: pigment under the action of light, color, there are different degrees of change.
7 chalking of: forming a coating film after a certain time after the exposure, the coating film of the film-forming material is damaged, the pigment on the surface of the coating film can not firmly continue, the fall off from the coating to form a powder, layer may be erased or washed away with water. This phenomenon is called pulverization.
8 institutions
9 Moisture: pigment moisture is plastic processing aid  too high, often to the paint caused many problems.
10 Heat resistance
11 Solvent Resistance
12 acid and alkali resistance
13 relative density and specific volume

zinc-based nontoxic heat stabilizer synergistic effect

Static tests showed that three zinc salt of PVC heat stabilizer effect has been quite effective in the Dioctyl phthalate  traditional lead salt, and better than the commercially available calcium zinc heat stabilizers. Congo red test paper method by the different proportions of zinc three salt as the sole heat stabilizer, and 4 parts by adding different heat stabilizer the thermal stability time, the results show that adding a single three salt 5.8 parts of zinc, the thermal stability time for the tin stabilizer  best. Through a static oven aging test comparison, zinc salts of PVC three initial and long-term stabilizing effect have good hue, the initial holding white effect is obvious, long-term discoloration than lead salt base, zinc burning phenomenon. With pentaerythritol vinegar or 3:1 proportion with diketone compound after the initial piece of PVC and long-term inhibition of discoloration effect is obvious.
Although organic zinc and other zinc compounds can effectively inhibit initial coloration of PVC, but because of its transformation products of zinc chloride de-HCl Reaction of PVC with a strong catalytic effect, so the ingredients in a very short time malignant degradation, resulting in the so-called "zinc burning" phenomenon. Therefore, the aluminium hydroxide  zinc-based heat stabilizers have and use a variety of synergistic stabilizers.
In the zinc-based heat stabilizer stabilizer synergist, rare earth salts of organic acids, β-diketones, β-amino-crotonate, dihydropyridine derivatives, nitrogen-containing compounds such as maleimide, hydrotalcite, zeolites, perchlorate, basic inorganic compound such as aluminum calcium phosphite is nearly 30 years the emergence of new species. Among them, rare earth salts of organic acids and synergistic stabilizer hydrotalcite progress in research is worth our attention.

new pvc composite stabilizer

A climate conducive to the production of plastic products to prevent PvC contamination occurred during the  PVC window stabilizer new additive-Pvc composite stabilizer, recently developed.
The stabilizer system using advanced composite synthesis system. Its appearance white flakes, the proportion 29/cm3 so, volatile matter less than 0.5% lead oxide content of greater than 50% for the production of PVC products have high efficiency and stability with the PVC heat stabilizer for fittings  traditional Pvc stabilizer compared to lower amount of 10 to 30 percent, and no grinding, kneading pot inputs can be directly mixed for 70. insulation level, insulation class 1050, 700,900 nursing-level and low-cost cable containing paraffin grip compound, and compatibility, good dispersion, can maintain product good electrical properties and  butyl stearate mechanical properties, easy to use, low-cost formula, advanced production technology, no dust pollution.

PVC heat stabilizers tribasic acid leaden take process (a)

Because PVC heat stabilizers tribasic lead sulfate extraction, the process is more complex, factors affecting more detailed description of an article can not be and are hereby removed all the  n-butyl stearate details on this, give us representations about. Here to tell you the amount of coating under tribasic lead sulfate on the thermal stability. The amount of coating on the thermal stability time have a significant effect, as coating amount from 40% to 55%, thermal stability extended from 59 minutes to 73 minutes, that the thermal stability of the coated lead salt in the  potassium stearate coating at this stage proportional, with the coating increases, the thermal stability is slightly increased, from 73 minutes to 75 minutes, the growth rate slowed significantly. Subsequently, from the thermal stability as the coating amount hardly increases, when the coating amount to 50%, from the thermal stability has been reached after 71 minutes and tribasic lead sulfate heat stabilizer stabilization time 72 minutes already quite.
Of PVC stabilizer in the  plastic flame retardant capture HCl process, the diffusion process of closing, when the coating amount reaches the top coating, in the form of a stabilizer in the best condition to capture HCl HCl its ability to capture even more than tribasic lead sulfate, when more than the optimum amount, many of the stabilizing agent is masked in the surface stabilizer, and the surface after the formation of PbCl2 capture HCl salt stabilizing function and thus can not, therefore, even if increasing the amount of tribasic lead sulfate, the stable Function difficult to continue to grow.

PVC heat stabilizers KF-101 Scope and recommended dosage

PVC heat stabilizers KF-101 Scope and Recommended dosage:
High thermal stability, and has excellent light stability and weathering resistance:
PVC heat stabilizer has a unique role in one pack stabilizer coupling, giving a good filler dispersion, promotion and resin package, improve product performance, reduces mechanical wear and prolong equipment life.
PVC heat stabilizers both toughened and promote melting, plasticizing fluidity.
Recommended dosage: KF-101 recommended dosage is 5-8 parts
Packing: 25KG bags peritoneum
PVC heat stabilizers Storage: Store at room temperature in a dry case, fasten sealed after use.
(1) PVC heat stabilizers various components can be obtained in the course of its abundant production mix, mixed with the  intenal lubricant resin substantially improved the uniformity of slack.
(2) PVC heat stabilizer formulation are mixed, the simplified measurement of frequency, to reduce the measurement error caused by the probability of the loss and the resulting.
(3) PVC heat stabilizers simple supply and reserves of the excipients, is conducive to production, quality management.
(4) provides a possibility of dust  PVC lubricant produced product, improved production conditions.