For the success of the polyethylene wax for aqueous paints and aqueous inks, often oxidized polyethylene wax, having a carboxyl group and a polar group to group. However, the oxidation process also makes polyethylene wax degradation, chain scission reduces the degree of crystallinity, its performance is dropping lower melting point, hardness decreased. This reduces the effect as a wax: anti-adhesion, smoothness, abrasion.
The oxidized polyethylene wax with two or more monovalent or divalent metal ion Mx, such as calcium, magnesium, aluminum, cerium, other appropriate cross-linking:
We want to get both hydrophilic and Stabilizers for pipe smooth, abrasion resistance.
Dispersing method: deionized water, a surfactant, heated to boiling, to be emulsified into the wax powder, under strong stirring and then rapidly cooling to room temperature, adjusted with ammonia Ph value between 7-8. The wax dispersion can be easily dispersed in an aqueous ink, without precipitation, without float.
Saponification wax powder is also good to use as emulsifier effect of ammonium perfluorooctanoate and physical contact.
Two
Micronized wax aqueous dispersion for waterborne coatings, water-based inks, textile finishing, leather modifications and other fields.
Application of results:
1, extinction, antiblocking
Especially the oxidized polyethylene wax powder Mx saponified aqueous polyethylene wax dispersion for paints and inks have a significant effect extinction. 2-5% of the amount of film 60 ° gloss reduction of 20%. Smooth, anti-adhesion effect is obvious.
2, wear
Saponified polyethylene wax after partial crosslinking, molecular weight, crystallinity, improved hardness, lubricity both, but the end of the dynamic coefficient of friction coating to zinc stearate reduce anti-friction capacity doubled.
3, feel
The coating soft touch, smooth and comfortable.
4, anti-aging and promote the solidification
Saponification wax coating can absorb calcium aging free radicals, from delaying the effects of aging coating.
Cerium has a variable coordination number Azodicarbonamide and the remaining valence, because the 4f orbitals, located 6s, 5p, 5d inner orbit, its bonding capacity is weak, it is characterized by pro-dry agent of this nature in the cured coating from the promotion of cross-linking process and accelerate the curing effect.
impact modifier
2013年12月30日星期一
2013年12月29日星期日
Describes the advantages and disadvantages of plasticizer intermittent production
In continuous production , the esterification reactor can be divided into a tower reactor and stepped reactors in series two categories. When using the optional tower acidic esterification catalyst is more reasonable ; When using non-acidic catalyst or without a catalyst , the Calcium stearate reaction mixture was due to stay longer , so the use of a stepped tandem reactors more appropriate.
Advantages: 1 ) less investment, quick construction 2 ) easy to switch products , produces a variety of plasticizers
3) The technology is simple, easy to meet the quality of personnel shortcomings : 1 ) large fluctuations in product quality , less stable
2) The technology behind the labor intensity 3 ) high energy and material consumption
Intermittent production is suitable for small-scale production of a variety of plasticizers , less investment and quick . Continuous production process
Since the DOP, DBP plasticizer in great demand , and therefore DOP, DBP -based continuous production process has been widely used , currently China's largest DOP -line production capacity of 50,000 tons / year, the largest single-line production capacity of 2 DBP tons / year. In continuous production , the esterification reactor can be divided into a tower reactor and stepped reactors in series two categories. When using the optional tower acidic esterification catalyst is more reasonable ; When using non-acidic catalyst or without a catalyst , the reaction mixture was Chrolinated polyethylene due to stay longer , so the use of a stepped tandem reactors more appropriate. Plasticizer phthalate plasticizers largest amount , about 80% plasticizer production, mainly in the country such plasticizer dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and phthalic dibutyl (DBP) based.
( 1 ) and the resin has good compatibility ; high ( 2 ) plasticizing efficiency ; ( 3 ) of the thermo-optical stability ; ( 4 ) low volatility ; ( 5 ) migration of small ; ( 6 ) water , oils and organic solvents extraction ; ( 7 ) good low temperature flexibility ; ( 8 ) flame retardant ; ( 9 ) electrical insulation ; ( 10 ) is colorless, odorless , non-toxic ; ( 11 ) anti- fungal good ; ( 12 ) anti- pollution good ; ( 13 ) plastisol viscosity stability ; ( 14 ) cheap.
Plasticizer phthalate plasticizers largest Titanium dioxide rutile amount , about 80% plasticizer production, mainly in the country such plasticizer dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and phthalic dibutyl (DBP) based. Due to limitations of the source material alcohol , heptyl phthalate (DHP), di-iso -decyl phthalate (DIDP), di-iso -octyl phthalate (DIOP) , excellent performance varieties, production is not large .
Production DBP five continuous esterification process , and, dealcoholization , bleaching, filtering operations are continuous .
Advantages: 1 ) less investment, quick construction 2 ) easy to switch products , produces a variety of plasticizers
3) The technology is simple, easy to meet the quality of personnel shortcomings : 1 ) large fluctuations in product quality , less stable
2) The technology behind the labor intensity 3 ) high energy and material consumption
Intermittent production is suitable for small-scale production of a variety of plasticizers , less investment and quick . Continuous production process
Since the DOP, DBP plasticizer in great demand , and therefore DOP, DBP -based continuous production process has been widely used , currently China's largest DOP -line production capacity of 50,000 tons / year, the largest single-line production capacity of 2 DBP tons / year. In continuous production , the esterification reactor can be divided into a tower reactor and stepped reactors in series two categories. When using the optional tower acidic esterification catalyst is more reasonable ; When using non-acidic catalyst or without a catalyst , the reaction mixture was Chrolinated polyethylene due to stay longer , so the use of a stepped tandem reactors more appropriate. Plasticizer phthalate plasticizers largest amount , about 80% plasticizer production, mainly in the country such plasticizer dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and phthalic dibutyl (DBP) based.
( 1 ) and the resin has good compatibility ; high ( 2 ) plasticizing efficiency ; ( 3 ) of the thermo-optical stability ; ( 4 ) low volatility ; ( 5 ) migration of small ; ( 6 ) water , oils and organic solvents extraction ; ( 7 ) good low temperature flexibility ; ( 8 ) flame retardant ; ( 9 ) electrical insulation ; ( 10 ) is colorless, odorless , non-toxic ; ( 11 ) anti- fungal good ; ( 12 ) anti- pollution good ; ( 13 ) plastisol viscosity stability ; ( 14 ) cheap.
Plasticizer phthalate plasticizers largest Titanium dioxide rutile amount , about 80% plasticizer production, mainly in the country such plasticizer dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and phthalic dibutyl (DBP) based. Due to limitations of the source material alcohol , heptyl phthalate (DHP), di-iso -decyl phthalate (DIDP), di-iso -octyl phthalate (DIOP) , excellent performance varieties, production is not large .
Production DBP five continuous esterification process , and, dealcoholization , bleaching, filtering operations are continuous .
2013年12月26日星期四
Fireproof cement foam insulation board dedicated calcium stearate successful development
Cement foam board dedicated calcium stearate , also known as the cement foam insulation board dedicated calcium stearate , fireproof cement foam insulation board dedicated calcium stearate , A grade cement foam insulation board dedicated calcium stearate ( hereinafter referred to as calcium stearate ) , the manufacturers of him not the same name , but the play was really a role in the fire cement foam insulation board production roughly
Calcium stearate is mainly used in cement tribasic lead sulfate foam insulation board made fireproof foam stabilizer , curing agent, water repellent ( hydrophobic agent ) . Currently the manufacturers for the production of cement foam insulation board fire recipe varies. Useful sulfur aluminate cement , ordinary Portland cement are also useful for different cement per cubic meter of production of fire insulation board quality and amount of calcium stearate is not like.
Foam stabilizer : calcium stearate effectively prevent fire insulation board was up too high and the lack of material and keep the aperture fine, uniform cell size did not make cement foam PVC stabilizer for wire insulation board does not collapse in the foam, foam completed after the semi-finished table no holes or cracks.
Curing agent: calcium stearate itself there are a lot of calcium , which can effectively increase the intensity of fire insulation board firmly to prevent fire insulation panels fold out powder , produced by calcium stearate fire insulation board with calcium ions in the late the chemical reaction will be more firm , more rugged .
Waterproofing agent : calcium stearate produced by the fire insulation board materials, basically when water does not absorb moisture during transport can reduce transportation costs, saving manpower and material resources in the installation phase.
According to tests, produced by calcium stearate fire insulation board than simply initiator and other small fireproof one pack stabilizer insulation board materials produced with stearic acid or AC, both in appearance , strength, water resistance is much better, stearic calcium can significantly improve product quality, enhance the corporate brand .
Calcium stearate is mainly used in cement tribasic lead sulfate foam insulation board made fireproof foam stabilizer , curing agent, water repellent ( hydrophobic agent ) . Currently the manufacturers for the production of cement foam insulation board fire recipe varies. Useful sulfur aluminate cement , ordinary Portland cement are also useful for different cement per cubic meter of production of fire insulation board quality and amount of calcium stearate is not like.
Foam stabilizer : calcium stearate effectively prevent fire insulation board was up too high and the lack of material and keep the aperture fine, uniform cell size did not make cement foam PVC stabilizer for wire insulation board does not collapse in the foam, foam completed after the semi-finished table no holes or cracks.
Curing agent: calcium stearate itself there are a lot of calcium , which can effectively increase the intensity of fire insulation board firmly to prevent fire insulation panels fold out powder , produced by calcium stearate fire insulation board with calcium ions in the late the chemical reaction will be more firm , more rugged .
Waterproofing agent : calcium stearate produced by the fire insulation board materials, basically when water does not absorb moisture during transport can reduce transportation costs, saving manpower and material resources in the installation phase.
According to tests, produced by calcium stearate fire insulation board than simply initiator and other small fireproof one pack stabilizer insulation board materials produced with stearic acid or AC, both in appearance , strength, water resistance is much better, stearic calcium can significantly improve product quality, enhance the corporate brand .
2013年12月23日星期一
What is the trend stabilizer
Types and tend to be stable and stabilizing agent for a wide variety of different combinations , in order to better understand its performance and features , must be classified . In several existing classification methods, the most obvious is to be classified according to their chemical composition , followed by its thermal stability, light stability , electrical properties and a hard or soft transparent or opaque article , toxic or non-toxic , and so on various occasions classification. Now titanium dioxide rutile the main types of stabilizers are as follows : 1 , lead-based stabilizers lead-based stabilizers due to low prices , good stabilizing effect , and therefore is the most widely used stabilizer , which is characterized by : ① electric superior performance, a large number of used in manufacturing insulation products ; ② HCI reaction due to the formation and stability , suitable for the manufacture of transparent articles ; ③ small water absorption, suitable for use in humid environments , because it is toxic and therefore not suitable for low or non-toxic products, In addition, it has the effect of sulfide contamination . Lead stabilizers are the following: ( 1 ) tribasic lead sulfate (3PbO · PbSO4 · H2O): is the maximum amount of use of a stabilizer , for HCl absorption force, shading good , so resistance weather is good, the most suitable for soft and hard in the extrusion process also applies to products with high electrical performance requirements . ( 2 ) Dibasic lead phosphite (2PbO · PbHPO3 · 1/2H2O): It is slightly lower than the absorption of HCl tribasic lead sulfate , but it is heat-resistant , good anti- light performance, UV light has shielding effect, and has antioxidant properties , are particularly useful in the paste PVC , but more than 300 ° C, the article is easy to produce bubbles, it is not appropriate for the processing of high temperature applications. It is used with the appropriate lubricant and good initial stability . ( 3 ) white lead [ Dibasic lead carbonate , 2PbCO3 · Pb (OH) 2]: It is also well- HCl absorber , various properties are good mainly for general soft rolled products , the cable sheath , but not suitable for use in high temperature or longer processing times of the occasion, because the gas leaving it prone to foaming products . ( 4 ) Dibasic acid Lead: good heat resistance , suitable for heat-resistant products , but because black iron oxide it has the acid group, therefore when used phthalate ester plasticizers , good compatibility , light stability is also good , currently mostly used in high-temperature products . Further, in the production of PVC foam products with the azo dimethylamine , good foamability . ( 5 ) Dibasic Lead Stearate : such stabilizers will not melt at normal operating temperatures , good lubricity , it is generally not as easy to bloom soaps , generally regular and tribasic lead sulfate or dibasic lead phosphite and use, its heat resistance, electrical insulation is good, dibasic lead stearate and lead stearate and use, when appropriate proportion of time to get closer to transparent products. ( 6 ) lead stearate : good thermal stability , the ability to inhibit the initial color , widely used in extrusion, calendering and molded articles . It has good lubricating properties, but plasticizing poor performance, thus limiting its use proportion ( generally the amount of 0.5 to 1.0 parts ) in the recipe . ( 7 ) co-precipitated silica lead silicate : This stabilizer at high temperatures and for a long time , have a good organic pigments thermal stability , light stability , can be used for spare parts or heat-resistant transparent cable . Its disadvantage is hygroscopic and poor dispersion , care must be taken when using . ( 8 ) tribasic lead maleate : This is a very good heat and light stabilizers , ultraviolet shielding properties, can also get translucent products. The use of chlorine or chlorinated polyvinyl chloride plasticizer occasions , adding tribasic lead maleate , you have better stability.
2013年12月22日星期日
Status and trends of non-toxic PVC heat stabilizers
Status and trends of non-toxic PVC heat stabilizers
Polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride PVC is second only to the world's second-largest synthetic resin production over 90,000 , however , PVC , there are some shortcomings difficult to overcome , including poor thermal stability was most prominent. PVC due to poor thermal stability , softening temperature and decomposition temperature difference is small , has caused great difficulties to the process , so the process Aluminum hydroxide must be added a certain amount of heat stabilizers to improve its thermal stability. Currently , lead salt is the largest amount of heat stabilizer. In building a harmonious society and ensure the sustainable development of the premise that people 's awareness of environmental protection and health gradually strengthened, therefore , low toxicity , no pollution, has become complex and efficient development direction of PVC heat stabilizers .
Thermal stability of PVC resin
PVC is one of the oldest plastic additive synthetic thermoplastics , has difficulty burning, good mechanical properties, low prices, abundant sources of raw materials , synthetic mature technology , which is widely used in construction, telecommunications , transportation, electronics, chemicals , packaging and other industries. PVC heat stabilizers in the heat or subjected to high energy radiation, such as ultraviolet light , "the impact of de- hcl autocatalytic reaction occurs , the thermal decomposition mechanism is generally believed that there are zinc stearate three kinds of radical mechanism oxygenated environment ; . ( 2 ) ion mechanism under a nitrogen atmosphere ; main factors ( 3 ) single molecular mechanism under vacuum conditions affect the thermal decomposition is pvc chain structure , refers to a branched , double, allyl chloride, head structure and molecular weight of conjugated double bonds etc. "effect ; addition, oxygen , HCL additives and other external factors also have an impact .
Polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride PVC is second only to the world's second-largest synthetic resin production over 90,000 , however , PVC , there are some shortcomings difficult to overcome , including poor thermal stability was most prominent. PVC due to poor thermal stability , softening temperature and decomposition temperature difference is small , has caused great difficulties to the process , so the process Aluminum hydroxide must be added a certain amount of heat stabilizers to improve its thermal stability. Currently , lead salt is the largest amount of heat stabilizer. In building a harmonious society and ensure the sustainable development of the premise that people 's awareness of environmental protection and health gradually strengthened, therefore , low toxicity , no pollution, has become complex and efficient development direction of PVC heat stabilizers .
Thermal stability of PVC resin
PVC is one of the oldest plastic additive synthetic thermoplastics , has difficulty burning, good mechanical properties, low prices, abundant sources of raw materials , synthetic mature technology , which is widely used in construction, telecommunications , transportation, electronics, chemicals , packaging and other industries. PVC heat stabilizers in the heat or subjected to high energy radiation, such as ultraviolet light , "the impact of de- hcl autocatalytic reaction occurs , the thermal decomposition mechanism is generally believed that there are zinc stearate three kinds of radical mechanism oxygenated environment ; . ( 2 ) ion mechanism under a nitrogen atmosphere ; main factors ( 3 ) single molecular mechanism under vacuum conditions affect the thermal decomposition is pvc chain structure , refers to a branched , double, allyl chloride, head structure and molecular weight of conjugated double bonds etc. "effect ; addition, oxygen , HCL additives and other external factors also have an impact .
2013年10月25日星期五
hard polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) of the injection molding process some of the detailed analysis
UPVC known as hard PVC, vinyl chloride monomer which is formed by the polymerization reaction of amorphous thermoplastic resin and certain additives (such as stabilizers, lubricants, fillers, etc.). pvc called hard pvc, vinyl chloride monomer which is formed by the polymerization reaction of amorphous thermoplastic resin and PVC stabilizer for cable certain additives (eg stabilizers, lubricants, fillers, etc.). In addition to the additive, but also other resins used for blending with the modified approach
upvc called hard pvc, vinyl chloride monomer which is formed by the polymerization reaction of amorphous thermoplastic resin and certain additives (such as stabilizers, lubricants, fillers, etc.).
In addition to the additive, but also other resins used for blending with the modified approach, it has obvious practical value. These resins are cpvc, pe, abs, eva, mbs like.
upvc high melt viscosity, poor mobility, even when the injection pressure and melt temperature fluidity will not change much. In addition, the resin molding temperature and thermal decomposition temperature are very close to the temperature for forming a very narrow range, is a hard molded material.
1, plastic processing
After 24 hours at room temperature, water less than 0.02%, and therefore without drying. If must be dry, can be placed in 60-70 ℃ hot air oven for 3 hours or 80 ℃ 1-1.5 hours in a dryer.
Up to 20% recycled material and new material mixed, the amount of recycled material depends on the end use of the product. Abuse of recycled material injection can fail, not only the composition of recovered much more is due to the material after repeated re-processing. Every once more recycled material decline in the quality recycling more.
2, injection molding machine selection
upvc Since the melt viscosity, easy PVC heat stabilizer for fittings to decompose, decomposition products have a corrosive effect on iron, which must be dedicated to the plastics injection molding components and temperature control system.
Ramada products covered in each of the clamping force model, has specialized upvc plastics injection system, and with upvc pipe fittings Pulling requirements with a dedicated security gate devices. Under normal circumstances as long as the injection volume to meet the weight requirements, the choice of this series of injection molding device can be molded upvc high-quality products.
3, mold and gate design
Mold temperature can be set to 40 ℃. Flow channel length should be short, will have a large diameter to reduce the pressure loss and the holding pressure can be passed into the mold cavity. Gate as short as possible, cutting surface to be circular, the diameter of the smallest nozzle orifice 6mm,, into a conical angles to 5 °.
Sprue cutting surfaces have circular, with a combination of cold slug well by connecting section sprue and gate radius, diameter of 7mm.
Gate application tangentially connecting radius of the surface shape plastic parts, the shorter the better, cutting surface to be smooth.
Cold slug well to prevent semi-solidified material into the mold cavity, its importance is often overlooked.
Position of the gate to the right, so that the material in the stream flowing smoothly trail, will not stay in sharp corners, debris and metal traces in order to avoid compression or decompression situation, should maintain smooth flow smoothly.
Application of stainless steel casting mold, chromium content of at least 13%, preferably 16%, at least 55 Rockwell hardness, hard chrome-plated steel mold can be processed to form a protective effect.
After production, the application of a mild lye carefully cleaned and then sprayed mold surface quality oil spray or siliceous spray.
4, the melt temperature
Measure of available air-launched by 185-205 ℃ range. Smoothness of the material from the injection can know the exact upvc melt temperature. If the material in the injection after the rough, as evidenced by the material is not homogeneous (plastics insufficient), which means that the temperature set too low; eg, injection newcomer bubble and smoke low molecular polyethylene a lot of smoke, it means the temperature is too high.
5, the injection speed
Slower rate of fire, or cause excessive shear degradation of materials, the use of upvc produce extremely smooth, thick-walled products should be used multi-stage injection mold filling speed.
6, the screw speed
Should match the molding cycle may be. Screw face velocity shall not exceed 0.15-0.2m / s
7, the back pressure
Up to 150bar, the lower the better, common to 5bar.
8, the retention time
At a temperature of 200 ℃, barrel residence time can not exceed five minutes. When the temperature is 210 ℃, cylinder residence time should not exceed 3 minutes.
upvc called hard pvc, vinyl chloride monomer which is formed by the polymerization reaction of amorphous thermoplastic resin and certain additives (such as stabilizers, lubricants, fillers, etc.).
In addition to the additive, but also other resins used for blending with the modified approach, it has obvious practical value. These resins are cpvc, pe, abs, eva, mbs like.
upvc high melt viscosity, poor mobility, even when the injection pressure and melt temperature fluidity will not change much. In addition, the resin molding temperature and thermal decomposition temperature are very close to the temperature for forming a very narrow range, is a hard molded material.
1, plastic processing
After 24 hours at room temperature, water less than 0.02%, and therefore without drying. If must be dry, can be placed in 60-70 ℃ hot air oven for 3 hours or 80 ℃ 1-1.5 hours in a dryer.
Up to 20% recycled material and new material mixed, the amount of recycled material depends on the end use of the product. Abuse of recycled material injection can fail, not only the composition of recovered much more is due to the material after repeated re-processing. Every once more recycled material decline in the quality recycling more.
2, injection molding machine selection
upvc Since the melt viscosity, easy PVC heat stabilizer for fittings to decompose, decomposition products have a corrosive effect on iron, which must be dedicated to the plastics injection molding components and temperature control system.
Ramada products covered in each of the clamping force model, has specialized upvc plastics injection system, and with upvc pipe fittings Pulling requirements with a dedicated security gate devices. Under normal circumstances as long as the injection volume to meet the weight requirements, the choice of this series of injection molding device can be molded upvc high-quality products.
3, mold and gate design
Mold temperature can be set to 40 ℃. Flow channel length should be short, will have a large diameter to reduce the pressure loss and the holding pressure can be passed into the mold cavity. Gate as short as possible, cutting surface to be circular, the diameter of the smallest nozzle orifice 6mm,, into a conical angles to 5 °.
Sprue cutting surfaces have circular, with a combination of cold slug well by connecting section sprue and gate radius, diameter of 7mm.
Gate application tangentially connecting radius of the surface shape plastic parts, the shorter the better, cutting surface to be smooth.
Cold slug well to prevent semi-solidified material into the mold cavity, its importance is often overlooked.
Position of the gate to the right, so that the material in the stream flowing smoothly trail, will not stay in sharp corners, debris and metal traces in order to avoid compression or decompression situation, should maintain smooth flow smoothly.
Application of stainless steel casting mold, chromium content of at least 13%, preferably 16%, at least 55 Rockwell hardness, hard chrome-plated steel mold can be processed to form a protective effect.
After production, the application of a mild lye carefully cleaned and then sprayed mold surface quality oil spray or siliceous spray.
4, the melt temperature
Measure of available air-launched by 185-205 ℃ range. Smoothness of the material from the injection can know the exact upvc melt temperature. If the material in the injection after the rough, as evidenced by the material is not homogeneous (plastics insufficient), which means that the temperature set too low; eg, injection newcomer bubble and smoke low molecular polyethylene a lot of smoke, it means the temperature is too high.
5, the injection speed
Slower rate of fire, or cause excessive shear degradation of materials, the use of upvc produce extremely smooth, thick-walled products should be used multi-stage injection mold filling speed.
6, the screw speed
Should match the molding cycle may be. Screw face velocity shall not exceed 0.15-0.2m / s
7, the back pressure
Up to 150bar, the lower the better, common to 5bar.
8, the retention time
At a temperature of 200 ℃, barrel residence time can not exceed five minutes. When the temperature is 210 ℃, cylinder residence time should not exceed 3 minutes.
2013年10月24日星期四
soil conditioner aluminum sulfate salts
Aluminum sulfate in chemistry are acidic chemicals , mainly based on the acid chemical neutralization with a base , for the neutralization of alkaline soils adjusted . Commonly known as acid-base regulation. We look at what is soil pH and aluminum sulfate how to adjust carbon black powder the soil pH .
Soil pH
Soil there are various chemical and biochemical reactions , exhibit different acidic or alkaline. The strength of the soil pH , often to measure pH . The reason why the soil pH is due to the presence in the soil small amount of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions. When the carbon black hydrogen ion concentration greater than the concentration of hydroxide ions , the soil is acidic ; otherwise alkaline ; two are equal , compared with neutral .
Aluminum sulfate soil conditioner
The active aluminum aluminum sulfate is adsorbed on the soil colloids exchangeable aluminum and aluminum sulfate of aluminum ions in solution , which is an important ecological factor , the distribution of natural vegetation , have a significant impact on growth and succession ; in strongly acidic soils in aluminum and more, living in this type of soil on plants are often resistant aluminum or aluminum -hi ( broom Shi Lan , tea ) ; but dibutyl phthalate for some plants , the aluminum is toxic , such as clover , alfalfa, aluminum -rich soil growth inhibition . Therefore, some plants are not suitable for use on alkaline soil aluminum sulfate to adjust , you can adjust the switch to ferrous sulfate , ferrous sulfate can also add iron plant .
In addition, with respect to alkaline soil , there is bound to acidic soils , too acid or base are easy to cause harm to the growth of plants . In acidic soils , generally everyone is familiar with will be used to adjust the lime on lime soil conditioner , I will in the next article will be a brief introduction.
Soil pH
Soil there are various chemical and biochemical reactions , exhibit different acidic or alkaline. The strength of the soil pH , often to measure pH . The reason why the soil pH is due to the presence in the soil small amount of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions. When the carbon black hydrogen ion concentration greater than the concentration of hydroxide ions , the soil is acidic ; otherwise alkaline ; two are equal , compared with neutral .
Aluminum sulfate soil conditioner
The active aluminum aluminum sulfate is adsorbed on the soil colloids exchangeable aluminum and aluminum sulfate of aluminum ions in solution , which is an important ecological factor , the distribution of natural vegetation , have a significant impact on growth and succession ; in strongly acidic soils in aluminum and more, living in this type of soil on plants are often resistant aluminum or aluminum -hi ( broom Shi Lan , tea ) ; but dibutyl phthalate for some plants , the aluminum is toxic , such as clover , alfalfa, aluminum -rich soil growth inhibition . Therefore, some plants are not suitable for use on alkaline soil aluminum sulfate to adjust , you can adjust the switch to ferrous sulfate , ferrous sulfate can also add iron plant .
In addition, with respect to alkaline soil , there is bound to acidic soils , too acid or base are easy to cause harm to the growth of plants . In acidic soils , generally everyone is familiar with will be used to adjust the lime on lime soil conditioner , I will in the next article will be a brief introduction.
retention aid relationship with aluminum sulfate
Aluminum sulfate manufacturers have reported , aluminum sulfate is paper sizing agent is soil conditioning neutralizer , flocculation and sewage treatment flocculants . The retention aid is used to improve the wire section of paper fibers and fines retention of the Metal stearate chemical. Then they existed before what kind of relationship do ?
Common retention aids
Retention aids are commonly modified starch and synthetic resins, retention agents generally also have to accelerate the slurry treatment filter aid performance. There are two main types . ( 1 ) modified starch . From corn , potato , tapioca wet , dry process obtained anion and cation -modified starch. Mainly quaternary ammonium and methyl tin stabilizer amine -modified cationic starch . ( 2 ) polyacrylamide . Are generally anionic or cationic modified type of product . Anionic polyacrylamide by partial hydrolysis reaction or sulfomethylation reaction. Or by acrylic acid cis -butadiene copolymer derived. Cationic Hoffman is through Mannich reaction or reaction. Also with aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer obtained .
Aluminum sulfate retention aid
Generally, there are inorganic retention agents such as aluminum sulfate , sodium aluminate ( retention effect chrome oxide is not significant ) ; cationic starch ; carboxymethyl cellulose ; synthetic resins ( e.g., polyethylene imine , polyacrylamide , polyethylene oxide , polyamides , etc. ) .
That aluminum sulfate with the fiber retention effect , which means it is a retention aid . This is similar to its role in wastewater treatment . However, its retention effect as polyaluminum chloride and polyacrylamide .
Common retention aids
Retention aids are commonly modified starch and synthetic resins, retention agents generally also have to accelerate the slurry treatment filter aid performance. There are two main types . ( 1 ) modified starch . From corn , potato , tapioca wet , dry process obtained anion and cation -modified starch. Mainly quaternary ammonium and methyl tin stabilizer amine -modified cationic starch . ( 2 ) polyacrylamide . Are generally anionic or cationic modified type of product . Anionic polyacrylamide by partial hydrolysis reaction or sulfomethylation reaction. Or by acrylic acid cis -butadiene copolymer derived. Cationic Hoffman is through Mannich reaction or reaction. Also with aminoalkyl methacrylate copolymer obtained .
Aluminum sulfate retention aid
Generally, there are inorganic retention agents such as aluminum sulfate , sodium aluminate ( retention effect chrome oxide is not significant ) ; cationic starch ; carboxymethyl cellulose ; synthetic resins ( e.g., polyethylene imine , polyacrylamide , polyethylene oxide , polyamides , etc. ) .
That aluminum sulfate with the fiber retention effect , which means it is a retention aid . This is similar to its role in wastewater treatment . However, its retention effect as polyaluminum chloride and polyacrylamide .
2013年10月21日星期一
processing aids in the characteristics of different processing methods
Processing aids action principle : PVC melt poor scalability , easily lead to melt broken ; PVC melt relaxation is slow, easily lead to the product surface rough, dull and shark skin and titanium dioxide anatase so on. Therefore , PVC processing often necessary to add processing aids to improve the melt of the above-mentioned drawbacks . Processing aids as a class can improve the performance of resin processing aids, which consists of three main modes of action : promoting resin melt , the melt rheology modifiers and gives lubrication. 1 PVC resin promoting resin is melted when heated under shear force , processing modifier first melted and adhered to the surface of the PVC resin particles , based on their compatibility with the magnesium hydroxide flame retardant resin and the molecular weight, the viscosity of PVC and friction increases, thereby effectively the shear stress and heat transfer to the PVC resin, PVC accelerate melting . (2) has a melt rheology modified PVC melt strength is poor, poor scalability and melt fracture and other shortcomings, while processing modifier can improve the melt above problems. Its mechanism of action is: to increase the melt viscoelasticity of PVC , thereby improving the die swell and increased melt strength. 3 gives lubricity compatibility with PVC processing modifier part first melting molten play a catalytic role ; partly incompatible with PVC molten resin to migrate outside the system , thereby improving mold release . ACR processing aids commonly used species category , ACR is methyl methacrylate . PVC can be plastic additive added to improve the melt strength and melt elongation . ACR-201 is mainly used for rigid PVC profiles , pipes, bottles and sheets, the amount of 0.5 to 2 parts . ACR-401, methyl methacrylate , ethyl acrylate , butyl acrylate and styrene monomer from four kinds , are core - shell copolymers , AMS class , AMS -based oligomeric α- methyl styrene material , which is also called hexamer M-80, it is non-toxic and transparency , and can improve the processability of PVC resistance and luster of products . AMS for rigid PVC , the hard tube add 2 to 5 parts , 3 parts of a transparent film , was added 10 parts of the floor . Copolymers of butadiene and acrylonitrile P83 , the surface treatment by the PVC latex , can be used as processing aids, added in an amount up to about 20 parts . 820-G is a chlorinated paraffin and polypropylene oxide - ethylene made by free radical grafting , which can improve the processability of PVC , gloss and feel, added in an amount up to 5 to 10 parts .
plastics processing aids Main Profile
The main reason is that this growth to continue in the alternative plastic materials traditional materials such as metal , wood, and minerals. In fact , various additives in the resin for the fluorescent brightener successful application of plastic materials are of great help. In the use of various types of additives to the polymer impact modifiers and processing aids for the polymer to provide the most unique and most valuable superior performance , but also improve the processing performance of the product . Toughening treatment, rheology control , beautiful appearance , processing performance , and economic factors that are important to the nature of the property . Many of these additives have been used for many years , after a long development derived from a wide range of varieties. A major reason for barium stearate this situation is the emulsion polymerization process varied, which makes scientists continue to design suitable polymer components , polymer structure , polymer morphology and molecular weight / weight distribution . Low cost of production , and the resulting product is easy to separate the emulsion , therefore , in the commercial production of emulsion polymerization is very attractive . Subsequent to a variety of acrylic processing aid and an acrylic impact modifier . Initially , these additives are primarily used to improve the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) processability and toughness. And processing aids for PVC mainly to promote fusion of PVC , to enhance the melt strength , to improve the dispersion properties and surface quality. High molecular weight PVC foam processing aid is an important component. Means of processing aids , PVC foams can be obtained in a more homogeneous foam structure , and to reduce the breakdown of closed cell foam density will be lower . Act as a lubricant processing aids can effectively prevent the molten plastic bonded to the tin stabilizer metal surface to improve the surface quality of products , improve production efficiency.
There are many applications of plastic materials is very limited , because they either do not have the required physical properties , or its processing performance is very poor , processing aids, is used to enhance the plastics melt processing, increase production, reduce parking maintenance time and provide better quality products . According to the type of functionality , processing aids can be divided into flux , melt rheology modifiers , lubricants and dispersing accelerator. In fact , each type of processing aids and have more than one effect. Any one processing aid functionality and application results to be dependent on its chemical composition , the polymer structure, molecular weight and type of the polymer matrix .
There are many applications of plastic materials is very limited , because they either do not have the required physical properties , or its processing performance is very poor , processing aids, is used to enhance the plastics melt processing, increase production, reduce parking maintenance time and provide better quality products . According to the type of functionality , processing aids can be divided into flux , melt rheology modifiers , lubricants and dispersing accelerator. In fact , each type of processing aids and have more than one effect. Any one processing aid functionality and application results to be dependent on its chemical composition , the polymer structure, molecular weight and type of the polymer matrix .
2013年10月11日星期五
Some important flame
Flame retardant; can increase the flame resistance of the material called material flame retardant. Most of them are of the Periodic Table V, VII and compound III element burning rate: the sample unit of time means the length of the combustion. Synergistic effect: refers to two or more of the additives used in conjunction with, the total effect is greater than when used alone, the sum of the individual effects. Synergy system: the Metal stearate complex flame retardant with the interaction between the use and thus to improve flame retardant performance system called synergistic effect. Synergy systems commonly antimony - halogen system, phosphorus halide system, phosphorus - nitrogen system. Burning speed: samples per unit time glyceryl monostearate is the length of the combustion. Burning velocity combustion method with horizontal and vertical burning method to measure, too. Oxygen index: is the sample continued to burn like a candle shape when in a nitrogen - oxygen mixture stream in the oxygen content to a minimum. External friction: polymer materials in the molding process, the polymer melt and the friction between the surface processing equipment. Internal friction: forming polymer materials, the molten polymer intermolecular friction. Lubricants; polymer to reduce internal friction and external friction, improved flow of plastic melt, prevent processing of polymeric materials sticking to the equipment, to ensure surface smoothness of the added substance called lubricant. Lubricants: before the ingredients in the plastic processing, the added polymer has a compatibility with a lubricant, and uniformly dispersed into the material, the resin can reduce the friction between the molecules sky lubrication. External lubrication in tio2 rutile two ways: one is the time of molding of the polymer material, the lubricant coated on the surface of processing equipment, so that in the melt processing temperature and the metal surface to form a "thin layer" will plastic melt and processing equipment to isolate, without adhering to the device, easy stripping or separating roller; Another is the compatibility with the polymer is very small, in the process it is easy to migrate from the polymer inside On the surface, thereby forming an isolation layer of the material, in the processing of the ingredients are added to and dispersed in the plastic, and in the process of migration to the surface, the grease. Release agent: for processing mold and material to be processed completely remain chemically inert substance known as release agent. Foaming; blowing agent can be in a class within a certain viscosity liquid rubber or plastic state, porous structure of the material formed of plastic
Processing aids Some simple instructions
Many of the same means, a simple structure repeating units connected by covalent bonds formed by the high molecular weight (usually up to 104 ~ 106) compound. Such as polyvinyl chloride molecule is composed of many molecules of vinyl chloride repeating structural unit-ch2chcl-concatenated, so-ch2chcl-also known as structural units or segments. Structural units can be formed by a small molecule composed of compounds known as monomers, synthetic polymer materials. Polyvinyl chloride can be abbreviated to:
n represents the number of repeating units, also PVC window stabilizer known as polymerization degree of polymerization of the polymer is a measure of an important indicator. A low degree of polymerization (1 to 100) of the polymer is called oligomers, only when the molecular weight of up to 104 to 106 (such as plastic, rubber, fiber, etc.) to be referred to as polymers. Made of a polymer by polymerization of monomers called homopolymers as described above, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene and the like. Copolymerizing two or more monomers from the polymer is called copolymers, such as vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate copolymer. So that natural rubber into practical engineering materials research has made key progress. baekeland reported the synthesis of a thermosetting phenolic resin, this conclusion is the establishment of modern polymer science foundation. Since the establishment of the concept of macromolecules decades, synthetic polymers and achieved rapid development, many important polymers have achieved industrialization. Classification of polymers from different angles can be classified on the polymer, such as oxidized PE WAX from a single source, synthesis method, the end use, the heating behavior of the polymer structure. (1) according to the molecular structure of the main chain of the elements can be divided into the carbon chain of the polymer, mixed chain and organic elements into three categories.
The polymer main chain carbon chain molecules composed entirely of carbon atoms. Most vinyl and diene polymers fall into this category, such as polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, etc. Hetero-chain polymer molecules, in addition to carbon atoms in the main chain, there are titanium dioxide oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms. Such as polyether, polyester, polyamide, polyurethane, polysulfide rubber. Plastics, synthetic fibers, heat-resistant polymer is mostly mixed chain polymer. Macromolecular organic elements no carbon atoms in the main chain, mainly composed of silicon, boron, aluminum and oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus atoms, but the side groups was formed by the organic group such as methyl, ethyl, vinyl group. Organic silicone rubber is a typical example.
Organic elements, also known as semi-organic hybrid polymer chain, the main chain and the side groups if no carbon atoms, it becomes the inorganic polymer.
(2) the nature and purpose by material classification, can be divided into high polymer plastics, rubber and fibers.
n represents the number of repeating units, also PVC window stabilizer known as polymerization degree of polymerization of the polymer is a measure of an important indicator. A low degree of polymerization (1 to 100) of the polymer is called oligomers, only when the molecular weight of up to 104 to 106 (such as plastic, rubber, fiber, etc.) to be referred to as polymers. Made of a polymer by polymerization of monomers called homopolymers as described above, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene and the like. Copolymerizing two or more monomers from the polymer is called copolymers, such as vinyl chloride - vinyl acetate copolymer. So that natural rubber into practical engineering materials research has made key progress. baekeland reported the synthesis of a thermosetting phenolic resin, this conclusion is the establishment of modern polymer science foundation. Since the establishment of the concept of macromolecules decades, synthetic polymers and achieved rapid development, many important polymers have achieved industrialization. Classification of polymers from different angles can be classified on the polymer, such as oxidized PE WAX from a single source, synthesis method, the end use, the heating behavior of the polymer structure. (1) according to the molecular structure of the main chain of the elements can be divided into the carbon chain of the polymer, mixed chain and organic elements into three categories.
The polymer main chain carbon chain molecules composed entirely of carbon atoms. Most vinyl and diene polymers fall into this category, such as polyethylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, etc. Hetero-chain polymer molecules, in addition to carbon atoms in the main chain, there are titanium dioxide oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms. Such as polyether, polyester, polyamide, polyurethane, polysulfide rubber. Plastics, synthetic fibers, heat-resistant polymer is mostly mixed chain polymer. Macromolecular organic elements no carbon atoms in the main chain, mainly composed of silicon, boron, aluminum and oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus atoms, but the side groups was formed by the organic group such as methyl, ethyl, vinyl group. Organic silicone rubber is a typical example.
Organic elements, also known as semi-organic hybrid polymer chain, the main chain and the side groups if no carbon atoms, it becomes the inorganic polymer.
(2) the nature and purpose by material classification, can be divided into high polymer plastics, rubber and fibers.
2013年10月10日星期四
Most of the white pigment titanium dioxide
Titanium dioxide as a decoration materials, one of its features is the ability to reach a very white effect, it should be said that this is the world's most white titanium dioxide it. In the decoration of the titanium dioxide house when we want to make the wall more than a somewhat pale and clean and do, then you can achieve this effect of titanium dioxide, the most white pigment titanium dioxide white against its eternal has occupied the market, we work together look in the end what is the situation right.
Titanium dioxide is considered the best in yellow iron oxide the world a white pigment widely used in paints, plastics, paper, printing ink, chemical fiber, rubber, cosmetics and other industries performance.
Rutile titanium dioxide, mainly consumed in the paint industry. And titanium dioxide paint, colorful, high hiding power, tinting strength, dosage province, species, stable media can play a protective role, and can improve the strength and adhesion of the film to prevent cracking, prevent UV and moisture permeability However, to extend membrane life. Or plastic processing aid advanced titanium dioxide pigment ink is required. Solid ink containing titanium dioxide does not change color, surface wettability is easily dispersed. Ink industry has been using rutile titanium dioxide anatase.
There are many domestic manufacturers of titanium dioxide, Lanke Chemical Co., Ltd. Langfang, the use of advanced production technology and equipment 20,000 tons / year of titanium dioxide sulphate process of creation. Rutile Phase II expansion project currently underway is to expand production capacity to 50,000 tons.
Titanium dioxide is considered the best in yellow iron oxide the world a white pigment widely used in paints, plastics, paper, printing ink, chemical fiber, rubber, cosmetics and other industries performance.
Rutile titanium dioxide, mainly consumed in the paint industry. And titanium dioxide paint, colorful, high hiding power, tinting strength, dosage province, species, stable media can play a protective role, and can improve the strength and adhesion of the film to prevent cracking, prevent UV and moisture permeability However, to extend membrane life. Or plastic processing aid advanced titanium dioxide pigment ink is required. Solid ink containing titanium dioxide does not change color, surface wettability is easily dispersed. Ink industry has been using rutile titanium dioxide anatase.
There are many domestic manufacturers of titanium dioxide, Lanke Chemical Co., Ltd. Langfang, the use of advanced production technology and equipment 20,000 tons / year of titanium dioxide sulphate process of creation. Rutile Phase II expansion project currently underway is to expand production capacity to 50,000 tons.
Study describes the use of red iron oxide
What is red iron oxide Perhaps you know that you are its knowledge and understanding of how it? Here to give you about the use of red iron oxide Analysis, hope you like it.
The following is the analysis of iron oxide red Uses: 1, red iron oxide pigments in various types of precast concrete products and building materials as pigments or coloring agents, directly into the plastic flame retardant application of cement. A variety of indoor and outdoor color concrete surfaces, such as walls, floors, ceilings, pillars, porches, roads, parking lots, stairs, stations, etc.; various architectural ceramics and glass ceramics, such as tiles, floor tiles, roof tiles, panels , terrazzo, mosaic tiles, artificial marble.
2, iron oxide pigments for coloring a variety of coatings and protective substances, including water-based interior and exterior paints, powder coatings, etc.; also apply to oil paint, including epoxy, alkyd, amino and other primers and topcoats; also available in the toy paint, decorative paint, furniture paint, electrophoretic lacquers and enamels.
3, iron oxide pigments for coloring plastics, such as thermosets and thermoplastics, and rubber products, coloring, such as automobile inner tubes, aircraft inner tube, bicycle inner tube and so on.
4, red iron oxide commonly used in construction, rubber, plastics, paint lead stearate and other industries, particularly iron oxide red primer with rust function, you can replace the expensive red lead paint, saving non-ferrous metals. High Ground material, for use in precision metal instruments, optical glass polishing. Powder metallurgy high purity is the main base for various magnetic alloy smelting and other senior alloy steels. By the ferrous sulfate or iron oxide yellow, or scraps of iron mixed by high temperature calcination, or directly from the liquid medium is made.
5, red in the building materials industry, mainly epoxidation of soybean oil for color cement, colored cement tiles, colored cement tiles, imitation glazed tiles, concrete tiles, colored mortar, colored asphalt, terrazzo, mosaic tiles, artificial marble and stucco walls, etc.; in the paints and coatings industry is mainly used to manufacture a variety of paints, coatings, inks. In other industries, such as ceramics, rubber, plastics, leather, pulp used to make arrangements light coloring agent and a filler. 6, used in paints, rubber, plastics, construction, coloring, in addition to iron oxide pigments can also be used for all kinds of cosmetics, paper, leather coloring.
The following is the analysis of iron oxide red Uses: 1, red iron oxide pigments in various types of precast concrete products and building materials as pigments or coloring agents, directly into the plastic flame retardant application of cement. A variety of indoor and outdoor color concrete surfaces, such as walls, floors, ceilings, pillars, porches, roads, parking lots, stairs, stations, etc.; various architectural ceramics and glass ceramics, such as tiles, floor tiles, roof tiles, panels , terrazzo, mosaic tiles, artificial marble.
2, iron oxide pigments for coloring a variety of coatings and protective substances, including water-based interior and exterior paints, powder coatings, etc.; also apply to oil paint, including epoxy, alkyd, amino and other primers and topcoats; also available in the toy paint, decorative paint, furniture paint, electrophoretic lacquers and enamels.
3, iron oxide pigments for coloring plastics, such as thermosets and thermoplastics, and rubber products, coloring, such as automobile inner tubes, aircraft inner tube, bicycle inner tube and so on.
4, red iron oxide commonly used in construction, rubber, plastics, paint lead stearate and other industries, particularly iron oxide red primer with rust function, you can replace the expensive red lead paint, saving non-ferrous metals. High Ground material, for use in precision metal instruments, optical glass polishing. Powder metallurgy high purity is the main base for various magnetic alloy smelting and other senior alloy steels. By the ferrous sulfate or iron oxide yellow, or scraps of iron mixed by high temperature calcination, or directly from the liquid medium is made.
5, red in the building materials industry, mainly epoxidation of soybean oil for color cement, colored cement tiles, colored cement tiles, imitation glazed tiles, concrete tiles, colored mortar, colored asphalt, terrazzo, mosaic tiles, artificial marble and stucco walls, etc.; in the paints and coatings industry is mainly used to manufacture a variety of paints, coatings, inks. In other industries, such as ceramics, rubber, plastics, leather, pulp used to make arrangements light coloring agent and a filler. 6, used in paints, rubber, plastics, construction, coloring, in addition to iron oxide pigments can also be used for all kinds of cosmetics, paper, leather coloring.
2013年10月9日星期三
Wood Preservation of aluminum sulfate application
Timber vulnerable to wind and rain, susceptible bacteria, insects, and other biological marine borer attack corrosion. Therefore, for the wood and its products prior to use , depending on the application environment , will choose the appropriate preservative embalming . As PVC heat stabilizer for window well as sizing and aluminum sulfate , water treatment coagulant , but also can be used for wood preservative treatment.
Aluminum sulfate in the wood preservative application
Currently, the most commonly used are water-soluble wood preservative chemicals . The aluminum sulfate is a kind of water-soluble gel , but also has insecticidal potency, it is in the timber industry as insects and preservatives. Fuel industry, in the production of chrome yellow and color lakes made the precipitating agent , and a filler while underway fixing role . In addition, aluminum sulfate in the printing intenal lubricant industry as a mordant . In addition, as a clarifying agent in oil industry , oil industry, deodorant bleaching agents, pharmaceutical industry convergence agents .
Advantages of wood preservative preservative
Application of aluminum sulfate and other wood preservative wood preservative applications , the wood was dry condition , with corrosion, mildew, moth , termite invasion, improvement of timber stability , easy to color , moisture and hydrophilic advantages. Aluminum sulfate in the construction industry can not only be used as a wood preservative applications, but also can be used as activator in cement composite material is PVC processing aid a monolithic refractories raw materials. It is soluble in water to make the water and natural rubber fine particles agglomerate into large floc, thereby removing from the water , so as water supply and wastewater coagulant. Aluminum sulfate , also known as water .
Aluminum sulfate in the wood preservative application
Currently, the most commonly used are water-soluble wood preservative chemicals . The aluminum sulfate is a kind of water-soluble gel , but also has insecticidal potency, it is in the timber industry as insects and preservatives. Fuel industry, in the production of chrome yellow and color lakes made the precipitating agent , and a filler while underway fixing role . In addition, aluminum sulfate in the printing intenal lubricant industry as a mordant . In addition, as a clarifying agent in oil industry , oil industry, deodorant bleaching agents, pharmaceutical industry convergence agents .
Advantages of wood preservative preservative
Application of aluminum sulfate and other wood preservative wood preservative applications , the wood was dry condition , with corrosion, mildew, moth , termite invasion, improvement of timber stability , easy to color , moisture and hydrophilic advantages. Aluminum sulfate in the construction industry can not only be used as a wood preservative applications, but also can be used as activator in cement composite material is PVC processing aid a monolithic refractories raw materials. It is soluble in water to make the water and natural rubber fine particles agglomerate into large floc, thereby removing from the water , so as water supply and wastewater coagulant. Aluminum sulfate , also known as water .
How polyacrylamide as aluminum sulfate coagulant
Aluminum sulfate polyacrylamide can be suspended solids in the sewage play coagulation, sedimentation . Sewage flocculant is used . Aluminum sulfate polyacrylamide price than low prices many times , the effect was not good polyacrylamide . And if the use of aluminum sulfate polyacrylamide sewage added as its coagulant , can play a coagulant effect is obvious, turbidity and organic matter removal efficiency have been significantly improved.
How polyacrylamide as aluminum sulfate coagulant
Polyacrylamide as an inorganic coagulant aluminum sulfate coagulant , mainly due to some chain polyacrylamide macromolecules , play chrome green and network bridging flocculation flocculation effect , because of its electrostatic attraction , hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic keys and features reaction to colloid charge neutralization and bridging role , so that in the adsorbed particles asked to form a " bridge ." Produce floc . Thus speeding up the sinking particles , forming a large and dense alum . The use of long-chain molecules bridging role in the formation of an inorganic coagulant floc surrounded. The floc closely. Particle sedimentation rate accelerated. Flocculation through further reaction . The particles in the water gradually extruded particle sedimentation rate of speed so that thus the coagulation effect is plastic processing aid improved. Adding aluminum sulfate polyacrylamide in dosage can be achieved when there are fewer good coagulation effect , ie coagulation effect in the same circumstances, plus polyacrylamide coagulant than without when aluminum sulfate dosage to save much more .
Polyacrylamide coagulant effect
Polyacrylamide coagulant aid is to accelerate the coagulation process procedure , increase the quality and density of the particles to be more rapid precipitation. While strengthening the role of bonding and bridging , and the flocculation and sedimentation of coarse particles have a greater surface , can give full play to the role of adsorption swept volume , improve clarifying effect .
Polyacrylamide flocculant , is often used PVC heat stabilizer for profile as an inorganic coagulant coagulant , alum formed joint processing large , fast settling , flocculation , the large and solid particle sedimentation rate is greatly enhanced , so treatment is better . Aluminum sulfate in polyamine coagulant effect of turbidity and organic matter removal efficiency have been improved , the overall cost reduction, wastewater treatment cost savings for the enterprise .
How polyacrylamide as aluminum sulfate coagulant
Polyacrylamide as an inorganic coagulant aluminum sulfate coagulant , mainly due to some chain polyacrylamide macromolecules , play chrome green and network bridging flocculation flocculation effect , because of its electrostatic attraction , hydrogen bonding, hydrophobic keys and features reaction to colloid charge neutralization and bridging role , so that in the adsorbed particles asked to form a " bridge ." Produce floc . Thus speeding up the sinking particles , forming a large and dense alum . The use of long-chain molecules bridging role in the formation of an inorganic coagulant floc surrounded. The floc closely. Particle sedimentation rate accelerated. Flocculation through further reaction . The particles in the water gradually extruded particle sedimentation rate of speed so that thus the coagulation effect is plastic processing aid improved. Adding aluminum sulfate polyacrylamide in dosage can be achieved when there are fewer good coagulation effect , ie coagulation effect in the same circumstances, plus polyacrylamide coagulant than without when aluminum sulfate dosage to save much more .
Polyacrylamide coagulant effect
Polyacrylamide coagulant aid is to accelerate the coagulation process procedure , increase the quality and density of the particles to be more rapid precipitation. While strengthening the role of bonding and bridging , and the flocculation and sedimentation of coarse particles have a greater surface , can give full play to the role of adsorption swept volume , improve clarifying effect .
Polyacrylamide flocculant , is often used PVC heat stabilizer for profile as an inorganic coagulant coagulant , alum formed joint processing large , fast settling , flocculation , the large and solid particle sedimentation rate is greatly enhanced , so treatment is better . Aluminum sulfate in polyamine coagulant effect of turbidity and organic matter removal efficiency have been improved , the overall cost reduction, wastewater treatment cost savings for the enterprise .
2013年10月8日星期二
Four kinds of uses calcium stearate
1 is used as a non-toxic PVC heat stabilizers , and has excellent lubricity. Thermal stabilizing effect as barium stearate , lead stearate, tin and cadmium stearate . But cheap, low toxicity , good processing performance . And an epoxy compound with the zinc soap , a synergistic effect , can improve the thermal stability. Commonly used in food packaging films , medical equipment and other requirements nontoxic soft products . And Acrylic processing aid the base of lead salts and lead soaps and for rigid products , can increase the speed of gelation . This product is used for polyethylene and polypropylene , can eliminate residual catalyst on the resin color and stability adverse effects. This product is also widely used as a polyolefin , polyester reinforced plastic , phenolic resin, amino resin, thermosetting plastics lubricant and release agent. The disadvantage of this product is the initial color , at above 100 ℃ heating time is longer, will become slightly red white PVC , particularly in the formulation the presence of titanium dioxide , coloring particularly serious. The large amount of goods , there is segregation fouling . (2) is used as a lubricant in the oil field operations Stuck agent. Also heat stabilizers for PVC and a variety of plastics processing lubricant , release agent . In rigid products , and the base of lead salts , lead soap can increase the gelation speed. Also used in food packaging, medical equipment and Diethylene glycol dibenzoate other requirements nontoxic soft film and equipment. Can be made of polyethylene , polypropylene, halogen absorbent to remove the residual catalyst on the adverse effects of color and stability . As a plasticizer in rubber processing , natural rubber and synthetic rubber can soften and almost no effect on curing . Also used as a grease thickening agent, textile waterproofing agent, paint flatting agent , when manufacturing plastic LP plasticizers.
3 Calcium stearate is an excellent non-toxic heat stabilizers and lubricants , but also adhesives, coatings and waterproofing agent flatting agents in the plastic and rubber is widely used titanium dioxide in chemical production processes . Thermal stabilizing effect as barium stearate , lead stearate, tin and cadmium stearate . But cheap, low toxicity , good processing performance . And an epoxy compound with the zinc soap , a synergistic effect , can improve the thermal stability. Commonly used in food packaging films , medical equipment and other requirements nontoxic soft products . Also widely used as a polyolefin , polyester reinforced plastic , phenolic resin, amino resin, thermosetting plastics lubricant and release agent.
4 in cosmetics for face powder . Added to the powder in the powder adhesion, lubricity , spread the powder evenly and formability is good.
3 Calcium stearate is an excellent non-toxic heat stabilizers and lubricants , but also adhesives, coatings and waterproofing agent flatting agents in the plastic and rubber is widely used titanium dioxide in chemical production processes . Thermal stabilizing effect as barium stearate , lead stearate, tin and cadmium stearate . But cheap, low toxicity , good processing performance . And an epoxy compound with the zinc soap , a synergistic effect , can improve the thermal stability. Commonly used in food packaging films , medical equipment and other requirements nontoxic soft products . Also widely used as a polyolefin , polyester reinforced plastic , phenolic resin, amino resin, thermosetting plastics lubricant and release agent.
4 in cosmetics for face powder . Added to the powder in the powder adhesion, lubricity , spread the powder evenly and formability is good.
Hard some introduction of sodium
Sodium stearate, calcium stearate is carried out with sodium chloride metathesis reaction derived fine white powder , metallic calcium content of 6.5% , mp 149-155 ℃, heating loss is less than 2% , the PVC heat stabilizer relative density of 1.08 , fineness by 0.075mm sieve 99.5% , free acid ( as stearic acid ) 0.5% , in the air, water absorption .
The product can be used as a thermal stabilizer of polyethylene , has excellent lubricity, good processability , and an epoxy compound with zinc soap and having a synergistic effect , can improve the fluorescent brightener thermal stability, and the base of lead salts and lead soap and used hardware products , you can improve the speed of gelation . This product can be used in polyethylene and polypropylene resins to eliminate residual catalyst on the adverse effects of color and stability . This product is also widely used as a polyolefin , polyester reinforced plastic , phenolic resin, amino resin, thermosetting plastics lubricants and release agents .
Sodium stearate of formula Na (C18H35O2) { i.e. (C17H35COO) Na}, molecular weight 306.46 . 7.51% sodium containing stearic acid 92.50 , purity 99.5%. White powder or white block, with creamy , fatty taste , soluble in water or alcohol-water solution is alkaline due to hydrolysis . Melting point 100 ~ 110 ℃, should be kept in kept in a cool , dry, well Barium soap ventilated place .
Main purpose:
1 . Detergent : for controlling foam in the rinse .
2 . Emulsifying or dispersing agent: for the polymer emulsion and antioxidants medium .
3 . Corrosion inhibitors: polyethylene packaging films it has protective properties.
4 . Cosmetics: shaving gel , transparent viscose
5 . Adhesive: natural rubber and then paste paper used .
The product can be used as a thermal stabilizer of polyethylene , has excellent lubricity, good processability , and an epoxy compound with zinc soap and having a synergistic effect , can improve the fluorescent brightener thermal stability, and the base of lead salts and lead soap and used hardware products , you can improve the speed of gelation . This product can be used in polyethylene and polypropylene resins to eliminate residual catalyst on the adverse effects of color and stability . This product is also widely used as a polyolefin , polyester reinforced plastic , phenolic resin, amino resin, thermosetting plastics lubricants and release agents .
Sodium stearate of formula Na (C18H35O2) { i.e. (C17H35COO) Na}, molecular weight 306.46 . 7.51% sodium containing stearic acid 92.50 , purity 99.5%. White powder or white block, with creamy , fatty taste , soluble in water or alcohol-water solution is alkaline due to hydrolysis . Melting point 100 ~ 110 ℃, should be kept in kept in a cool , dry, well Barium soap ventilated place .
Main purpose:
1 . Detergent : for controlling foam in the rinse .
2 . Emulsifying or dispersing agent: for the polymer emulsion and antioxidants medium .
3 . Corrosion inhibitors: polyethylene packaging films it has protective properties.
4 . Cosmetics: shaving gel , transparent viscose
5 . Adhesive: natural rubber and then paste paper used .
Simple exposition of sodium
Sodium stearate, calcium stearate and sodium chloride by metathesis reaction derived fine white powder , metallic calcium content of 6.5% , mp 149-155 ℃, heating loss is less than 2% , the relative density of 1.08 , fineness by 0.075mm sieve 99.5% , free acid ( as stearic acid ) 0.5% , in red
iron oxide the air, water absorption .
Sodium stearate, calcium stearate and sodium chloride by metathesis reaction derived fine white powder , metallic calcium content of 6.5% , mp 149-155 ℃, heating loss is less than 2% , the relative density of 1.08 , fineness by 0.075mm sieve 99.5% , free acid ( as stearic acid ) 0.5% , in the air, water absorption .
The product can be used as a thermal stabilizer of polyethylene , has excellent lubricity, good processability , and an epoxy compound black iron oxide with zinc soap and having a synergistic effect , can improve the thermal stability, and the base of lead salts and lead soap and used hardware products , you can improve the speed of gelation . This product can be used in polyethylene and polypropylene resins to eliminate residual catalyst on the adverse effects of color and stability . This product is also widely used as a polyolefin , polyester reinforced plastic , phenolic resin, amino resin, thermosetting plastics lubricants and release agents.
Sodium stearate of formula Na (C18H35O2) { i.e. (C17H35COO) Na}, molecular weight 306.46 . 7.51% sodium containing stearic acid 92.50 , purity 99.5%. White powder or white block, with creamy , fatty taste , soluble Plastic chemical in water or alcohol-water solution is alkaline due to hydrolysis . Melting point 100 ~ 110 ℃, should be kept in kept in a cool , dry, well ventilated place . Sodium stearate, polyethylene can be used as a heat stabilizer , has excellent lubricity, good processability , and an epoxy compound with zinc soap and having a synergistic effect , can improve the thermal stability, and the base of lead salts and lead soaps and for hard products , the gelling speed can be improved . This product can be used in polyethylene and polypropylene resins to eliminate residual catalyst on the adverse effects of color and stability . This product is also widely used as a polyolefin , polyester reinforced plastic , phenolic resin, amino resin, thermosetting plastics lubricants and release agents .
Sodium stearate, calcium stearate and sodium chloride by metathesis reaction derived fine white powder , metallic calcium content of 6.5% , mp 149-155 ℃, heating loss is less than 2% , the relative density of 1.08 , fineness by 0.075mm sieve 99.5% , free acid ( as stearic acid ) 0.5% , in the air, water absorption .
The product can be used as a thermal stabilizer of polyethylene , has excellent lubricity, good processability , and an epoxy compound black iron oxide with zinc soap and having a synergistic effect , can improve the thermal stability, and the base of lead salts and lead soap and used hardware products , you can improve the speed of gelation . This product can be used in polyethylene and polypropylene resins to eliminate residual catalyst on the adverse effects of color and stability . This product is also widely used as a polyolefin , polyester reinforced plastic , phenolic resin, amino resin, thermosetting plastics lubricants and release agents.
Sodium stearate of formula Na (C18H35O2) { i.e. (C17H35COO) Na}, molecular weight 306.46 . 7.51% sodium containing stearic acid 92.50 , purity 99.5%. White powder or white block, with creamy , fatty taste , soluble Plastic chemical in water or alcohol-water solution is alkaline due to hydrolysis . Melting point 100 ~ 110 ℃, should be kept in kept in a cool , dry, well ventilated place . Sodium stearate, polyethylene can be used as a heat stabilizer , has excellent lubricity, good processability , and an epoxy compound with zinc soap and having a synergistic effect , can improve the thermal stability, and the base of lead salts and lead soaps and for hard products , the gelling speed can be improved . This product can be used in polyethylene and polypropylene resins to eliminate residual catalyst on the adverse effects of color and stability . This product is also widely used as a polyolefin , polyester reinforced plastic , phenolic resin, amino resin, thermosetting plastics lubricants and release agents .
2013年9月29日星期日
Titanium dioxide rutile titanium dioxide with the use of
Titanium dioxide ( titania ) chemically stable in general not react with most materials . In nature , there are three crystalline titanium dioxide : titanium plate , titanium dioxide anatase and rutile titanium dioxide . Titanium plate crystal form is unstable , no industrial use value, anatase titanium dioxide (Anatase) referred to as A -type , and plastic
additive rutile titanium dioxide (Rutile) referred to as R-type , have a stable crystal lattice , it is important white pigments and porcelain glaze , compared with other white pigments have superior whiteness, color strength, hiding power, weatherability, heat resistance , and chemical stability, especially not toxic.
Coatings industry is the largest user of titanium dioxide , especially rutile titanium dioxide , mostly consumed by the paint industry . Manufactured with titanium dioxide paint , colorful, high hiding power , tinting strength , dosage province , variety, stability of the media can play a protective role , and can enhance the mechanical strength and adhesion of the film to prevent cracks, prevent UV and moisture through , extend film life.
Plastics industry is the second largest user of titanium dioxide added in plastics , plastic products can improve the heat resistance , light resistance , weather resistance, the physical Metallic stearate and chemical properties of plastic products to improve and enhance products, mechanical strength, prolong life.
The paper industry is the third Zinc stearate largest user of titanium dioxide as filler paper , mainly used in fine paper and the paper thin . In the paper by adding titanium dioxide , can make the paper has good whiteness, gloss , high strength , thin and smooth , printing does not penetrate , quality of light. Papermaking general use without a surface treatment of titanium dioxide anatase titanium dioxide, can play the role of optical brighteners , increasing whiteness of the paper . But requires the use of laminated paper surface treated rutile type titanium dioxide , in order to meet light and heat requirements. Or advanced ink titanium white pigment is indispensable . Durable ink containing titanium dioxide does not change color , surface wettability , easy to disperse . Ink industry has used titanium dioxide rutile , anatase have . Textile and chemical fiber industry is another important application of titanium dioxide . Chemical fiber titanium dioxide is mainly used as a matting agent . Since anatase type soft than gold, red , general use anatase . Fiber surface with titanium dioxide generally do not need treatment, but some special varieties in order to reduce photochemical effect of titanium dioxide , titanium dioxide to avoid fibers degrade the photocatalytic effect , the need for surface treatment.
Coatings industry is the largest user of titanium dioxide , especially rutile titanium dioxide , mostly consumed by the paint industry . Manufactured with titanium dioxide paint , colorful, high hiding power , tinting strength , dosage province , variety, stability of the media can play a protective role , and can enhance the mechanical strength and adhesion of the film to prevent cracks, prevent UV and moisture through , extend film life.
Plastics industry is the second largest user of titanium dioxide added in plastics , plastic products can improve the heat resistance , light resistance , weather resistance, the physical Metallic stearate and chemical properties of plastic products to improve and enhance products, mechanical strength, prolong life.
The paper industry is the third Zinc stearate largest user of titanium dioxide as filler paper , mainly used in fine paper and the paper thin . In the paper by adding titanium dioxide , can make the paper has good whiteness, gloss , high strength , thin and smooth , printing does not penetrate , quality of light. Papermaking general use without a surface treatment of titanium dioxide anatase titanium dioxide, can play the role of optical brighteners , increasing whiteness of the paper . But requires the use of laminated paper surface treated rutile type titanium dioxide , in order to meet light and heat requirements. Or advanced ink titanium white pigment is indispensable . Durable ink containing titanium dioxide does not change color , surface wettability , easy to disperse . Ink industry has used titanium dioxide rutile , anatase have . Textile and chemical fiber industry is another important application of titanium dioxide . Chemical fiber titanium dioxide is mainly used as a matting agent . Since anatase type soft than gold, red , general use anatase . Fiber surface with titanium dioxide generally do not need treatment, but some special varieties in order to reduce photochemical effect of titanium dioxide , titanium dioxide to avoid fibers degrade the photocatalytic effect , the need for surface treatment.
Analysis of aluminum sulfate in waste water treatment in the use of chemical
In most small and medium sized production and processing plant and sewage treatment plant is the most applied chemical precipitation wastewater treatment , wastewater coagulation treatment, waste PVC stabilizer water treatment and waste water and oxidation treatment . Wastewater chemical treatment including wastewater ozonation treatment , waste water electrolysis treatment , waste water treatment chemical precipitation , coagulation wastewater treatment , waste water treatment and waste water oxidation and treatment method. The chemistry of aluminum sulfate in wastewater treatment and in what kind of role does occur , it is also how to play that role yet.
In the role of the water chemical treatment
Aluminum sulfate in water chemistry, most of the time based coagulants appear . It contains varying amounts of crystal water : Al2 (SO4) 3.18 H2O where n = 6,10,14,16,8 and 27 , commonly used is Al2 (SO4) 3.18 H2O molecular weight of 666.41 , the proportion of 1.61 , the appearance of white , shiny crystals . Aluminum sulfate soluble in water , acidic aqueous solution at room temperature solubility is roughly 50%? PH value of 2.5 or Stearates less. Solubility in boiling water to 90 % or more. Aluminum sulfate ease of use , better coagulation treated water will not give an adverse effect . When the water temperature is low aluminum sulfate hydrolysis difficult floc looser .
Chemical treatment of wastewater in the role operations
Aluminum sulfate most commonly used in our country mostly use massive or granular aluminum sulfate . According to one water-insoluble substance content and crude purification can be divided Pigments into two kinds. Soluble in water can be dry or wet dosing . Wet dosing has generally adopted a concentration of 10-20% ( by weight of solid product ) . Efficient water use narrow pH range ? Between about 5.5-8 , with the pH value of the effective hardness of the water content of the original varies , pH of 5.7-6.6 for the water softener . Medium hardness water 6.6 - 7.2 . High hardness of the water was 7.2-7.8 . Aluminum sulfate in the control dose should be considered in the above-mentioned characteristics . Sometimes adding excess water pH dropped to make aluminum coagulation pH value less effective drug not only a waste , but also so that the treated water, mix .
The above said is aluminum sulfate as a coagulant chemical in waste water treatment in the use . In fact, it is also a neutralizing agent , of course , with lime , compared to the composite base , which in the waste water used alone as a pH adjusting agent , very little can be said to apply .
In the role of the water chemical treatment
Aluminum sulfate in water chemistry, most of the time based coagulants appear . It contains varying amounts of crystal water : Al2 (SO4) 3.18 H2O where n = 6,10,14,16,8 and 27 , commonly used is Al2 (SO4) 3.18 H2O molecular weight of 666.41 , the proportion of 1.61 , the appearance of white , shiny crystals . Aluminum sulfate soluble in water , acidic aqueous solution at room temperature solubility is roughly 50%? PH value of 2.5 or Stearates less. Solubility in boiling water to 90 % or more. Aluminum sulfate ease of use , better coagulation treated water will not give an adverse effect . When the water temperature is low aluminum sulfate hydrolysis difficult floc looser .
Chemical treatment of wastewater in the role operations
Aluminum sulfate most commonly used in our country mostly use massive or granular aluminum sulfate . According to one water-insoluble substance content and crude purification can be divided Pigments into two kinds. Soluble in water can be dry or wet dosing . Wet dosing has generally adopted a concentration of 10-20% ( by weight of solid product ) . Efficient water use narrow pH range ? Between about 5.5-8 , with the pH value of the effective hardness of the water content of the original varies , pH of 5.7-6.6 for the water softener . Medium hardness water 6.6 - 7.2 . High hardness of the water was 7.2-7.8 . Aluminum sulfate in the control dose should be considered in the above-mentioned characteristics . Sometimes adding excess water pH dropped to make aluminum coagulation pH value less effective drug not only a waste , but also so that the treated water, mix .
The above said is aluminum sulfate as a coagulant chemical in waste water treatment in the use . In fact, it is also a neutralizing agent , of course , with lime , compared to the composite base , which in the waste water used alone as a pH adjusting agent , very little can be said to apply .
2013年9月28日星期六
PVC PVC heat stabilizers affect the main reasons
PVC heat stabilizers of PVC to a certain extent affect the transparency . PVC heat stabilizers are also PVC additives can not be missing , so no PVC heat stabilizers for PVC will lose a lot optical
brightener of practical value. So people are constantly on the PVC heat stabilizers biochemical research . Here polyvinyl chloride PVC heat stabilizers affect the transparency of the three factors , and we do a study .
1 , the refractive index of stabilizers and heat stabilizers of PVC resin refractive index of 1.52 to 1.55 visible same or similar , then the better the transparency of PVC products , the lead stearate transparency is low and vice versa .
2 , stabilizer molecules ( molecules ) of linear length
Heat stabilizer molecule ( or molecules ) linear length is less than 400 ~ 735nm wavelength of visible light refracting fewer higher degree of transparency , whereas less transparent .
3 , a heat stabilizer in PVC , " solubility ", ie compatibility
The so-called compatibility of two PVC stabilizer for fittings or more substances refers to the mutual affinity when mixed . Good compatibility is possible to achieve dispersion of the molecular level . Thermal stabilizer in the molten state has good compatibility with PVC resin . Do not form a two -phase , that is no interface or the interface is not obvious, less refracted light , PVC products, higher transparency . Liquid stabilizer than the corresponding solid metal soap good compatibility in PVC , the linear molecule has a smaller length , and thus the higher the transparency of the PVC .
1 , the refractive index of stabilizers and heat stabilizers of PVC resin refractive index of 1.52 to 1.55 visible same or similar , then the better the transparency of PVC products , the lead stearate transparency is low and vice versa .
2 , stabilizer molecules ( molecules ) of linear length
Heat stabilizer molecule ( or molecules ) linear length is less than 400 ~ 735nm wavelength of visible light refracting fewer higher degree of transparency , whereas less transparent .
3 , a heat stabilizer in PVC , " solubility ", ie compatibility
The so-called compatibility of two PVC stabilizer for fittings or more substances refers to the mutual affinity when mixed . Good compatibility is possible to achieve dispersion of the molecular level . Thermal stabilizer in the molten state has good compatibility with PVC resin . Do not form a two -phase , that is no interface or the interface is not obvious, less refracted light , PVC products, higher transparency . Liquid stabilizer than the corresponding solid metal soap good compatibility in PVC , the linear molecule has a smaller length , and thus the higher the transparency of the PVC .
free metal soap
Metal soap a metal other than an alkali metal , a metal oxide or salt and a fatty acid , rosin acid , naphthenic acid soap derived role .
Metallic soap can not be direct saponification of fats , sodium fatty acid soap and are based on the corresponding metal salt solution was prepared by metathesis reaction , also useful for fatty acid and metal powder obtained melting method , but the quality is not high. Common metallic soap of calcium , magnesium, zinc , lead, aluminum , manganese, iron , cobalt , nickel, molybdenum , barium , cadmium and so on. Generally insoluble in water, insoluble in ethanol most , some can be dissolved in turpentine or ligroin , some can be dispersed in the other organic solvents or drying oil .
Mainly used in paint industry and PVC heat stabilizer for fittings the plastics industry , mainly in the coatings industry as oil-based paints , coatings and alkyd paints phenolic driers . In the plastics industry , can be used as stabilizers. In addition, also for the preparation of greases , waterproofing agents , preservatives , cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. Where the use of metal soap formed by metal salts and organic fertilizer can construct Wong . But as a general alkali metal soaps are dissolved in water , washed our common soap is such a case . And the other is an alkaline earth metal and heavy metal soaps generated , are not soluble in water, but soluble in organic solvent , referred to herein metallic soap , soap entails in terms of the latter category . Metallic soaps very wide range of applications , this oxidized PE WAX is really special because it has a relatively structural reason. Metal soap a metal other than an alkali metal , a metal oxide or salt and a fatty acid , rosin acid , naphthenic acid soap derived role .
Metallic soap can not be direct saponification of fats , sodium fatty acid soap and are based on the corresponding metal salt solution was prepared by metathesis reaction , also useful for fatty acid and metal powder obtained melting method , but the quality is not high. Common metallic soap Acrylic processing aid of calcium , magnesium, zinc , lead, aluminum , manganese, iron , cobalt , nickel, molybdenum , barium , cadmium and so on. Generally insoluble in water, insoluble in ethanol most , some can be dissolved in turpentine or ligroin , some can be dispersed in the other organic solvents or drying oil .
Mainly used in paint industry and the plastics industry , mainly in the coatings industry as oil-based paints , coatings and alkyd paints phenolic driers . In the plastics industry , can be used as stabilizers. In addition, also for the preparation of greases , waterproofing agents , preservatives , cosmetics and pharmaceutical products.
Metallic soap can not be direct saponification of fats , sodium fatty acid soap and are based on the corresponding metal salt solution was prepared by metathesis reaction , also useful for fatty acid and metal powder obtained melting method , but the quality is not high. Common metallic soap of calcium , magnesium, zinc , lead, aluminum , manganese, iron , cobalt , nickel, molybdenum , barium , cadmium and so on. Generally insoluble in water, insoluble in ethanol most , some can be dissolved in turpentine or ligroin , some can be dispersed in the other organic solvents or drying oil .
Mainly used in paint industry and PVC heat stabilizer for fittings the plastics industry , mainly in the coatings industry as oil-based paints , coatings and alkyd paints phenolic driers . In the plastics industry , can be used as stabilizers. In addition, also for the preparation of greases , waterproofing agents , preservatives , cosmetics and pharmaceutical products. Where the use of metal soap formed by metal salts and organic fertilizer can construct Wong . But as a general alkali metal soaps are dissolved in water , washed our common soap is such a case . And the other is an alkaline earth metal and heavy metal soaps generated , are not soluble in water, but soluble in organic solvent , referred to herein metallic soap , soap entails in terms of the latter category . Metallic soaps very wide range of applications , this oxidized PE WAX is really special because it has a relatively structural reason. Metal soap a metal other than an alkali metal , a metal oxide or salt and a fatty acid , rosin acid , naphthenic acid soap derived role .
Metallic soap can not be direct saponification of fats , sodium fatty acid soap and are based on the corresponding metal salt solution was prepared by metathesis reaction , also useful for fatty acid and metal powder obtained melting method , but the quality is not high. Common metallic soap Acrylic processing aid of calcium , magnesium, zinc , lead, aluminum , manganese, iron , cobalt , nickel, molybdenum , barium , cadmium and so on. Generally insoluble in water, insoluble in ethanol most , some can be dissolved in turpentine or ligroin , some can be dispersed in the other organic solvents or drying oil .
Mainly used in paint industry and the plastics industry , mainly in the coatings industry as oil-based paints , coatings and alkyd paints phenolic driers . In the plastics industry , can be used as stabilizers. In addition, also for the preparation of greases , waterproofing agents , preservatives , cosmetics and pharmaceutical products.
2013年9月27日星期五
Why use the microwave method hydrated aluminum sulfate dehydration
What is a hydrated aluminum sulfate
Hydrated aluminum sulfate is the sulfate containing water of crystallization of aluminum, which carry respectively 6,10,16,18 and 27 water molecules. Hydrated aluminum sulfate anhydrous aluminum sulfate prices fluorescent brightener relative to the price to be lower. Traffic and scope of the application has not been. Traditional and low water in the preparation of anhydrous aluminum sulfate dehydration process will consume a lot of energy, and the use of microwave dehydration dehydration What advantages does it have?
Microwave radiation hydrated aluminum sulfate PVC stabilizer for fittings dehydration advantage
Dehydration is microwave radiation in the microwave field warming up for hydrated aluminum sulfate for dehydration, it has (1) microwave radiation to make aluminum sulfate hydrate dehydrated efficient than traditional methods, and the power consumption is very low, has great potential applications. (2) under microwave irradiation select the appropriate help to further reduce antimony trioxide power consumption and improve efficiency. (3) microwave radiation heating curve dehydration process there will be some fluctuation, microwave radiation dehydration temperature is lower than the desired macro traditional heating dehydration desired temperature. (4) using conventional microwave dehydration and dehydration product compared to its crystalline phases and morphologies have some differences.
ydrated aluminum sulfate in the aqueous ferrous sulfate without saying similar to the relationship between the fish, after dehydration of the product, the content will be relatively higher. And more use of these chemical products storage, transportation.
Hydrated aluminum sulfate is the sulfate containing water of crystallization of aluminum, which carry respectively 6,10,16,18 and 27 water molecules. Hydrated aluminum sulfate anhydrous aluminum sulfate prices fluorescent brightener relative to the price to be lower. Traffic and scope of the application has not been. Traditional and low water in the preparation of anhydrous aluminum sulfate dehydration process will consume a lot of energy, and the use of microwave dehydration dehydration What advantages does it have?
Microwave radiation hydrated aluminum sulfate PVC stabilizer for fittings dehydration advantage
Dehydration is microwave radiation in the microwave field warming up for hydrated aluminum sulfate for dehydration, it has (1) microwave radiation to make aluminum sulfate hydrate dehydrated efficient than traditional methods, and the power consumption is very low, has great potential applications. (2) under microwave irradiation select the appropriate help to further reduce antimony trioxide power consumption and improve efficiency. (3) microwave radiation heating curve dehydration process there will be some fluctuation, microwave radiation dehydration temperature is lower than the desired macro traditional heating dehydration desired temperature. (4) using conventional microwave dehydration and dehydration product compared to its crystalline phases and morphologies have some differences.
ydrated aluminum sulfate in the aqueous ferrous sulfate without saying similar to the relationship between the fish, after dehydration of the product, the content will be relatively higher. And more use of these chemical products storage, transportation.
What is aluminum sulfate gel
Aluminum sulfate is the use of aluminum sulfate gel alumina prepared with agglutination made. Some people will have a unifying role of aluminum sulfate adsorption called aluminum sulfate gel. Sodium silicate as PVC
foaming board stabilizer silica source, aluminum sulfate was prepared as the aluminum source is called aluminosilicate gel alumina xerogel. The use of aluminum sulfate sulfur aluminate-based high-water gel material modification
What is a gel
Gel refers to the zinc borate flame retardant particle size between 1 Å to 10 Å mixture. Polymer solution and some of the sol, under the right conditions, the entire system will be converted into a flexible thick semi-solid material, loss of mobility. This phenomenon is called gelation, the resulting product is called a gel or gel.
What is the role of aluminum sulfate gel and
Aluminum sulfate gels and sintered iron-aluminum sulfate can also be used as raw material for production of high purity alumina, the latter as advanced ceramics and abrasives. Aluminum sulfate in the treatment of industrial and municipal waste water is used as a coagulant. To be PVC flame retardant added to water, the reaction gelatinous precipitate alumina trihydrate, absorption settlement bacteria, colloids and other suspended substances. Aluminum sulfate gel medicine, aluminum sulfate gel has a virus removal effect, such as endotoxin, protein nucleic acids, viruses and microorganisms, commonly used in pediatric diarrhea, treatment of stomach problems.
Aluminum sulfate gel also serves as apples, watermelon rind pectin and so on. As the peel pectin gel precipitated salt and ferrous sulfate gel, polyacrylamide gel and the potassium permanganate gel.
What is a gel
Gel refers to the zinc borate flame retardant particle size between 1 Å to 10 Å mixture. Polymer solution and some of the sol, under the right conditions, the entire system will be converted into a flexible thick semi-solid material, loss of mobility. This phenomenon is called gelation, the resulting product is called a gel or gel.
What is the role of aluminum sulfate gel and
Aluminum sulfate gels and sintered iron-aluminum sulfate can also be used as raw material for production of high purity alumina, the latter as advanced ceramics and abrasives. Aluminum sulfate in the treatment of industrial and municipal waste water is used as a coagulant. To be PVC flame retardant added to water, the reaction gelatinous precipitate alumina trihydrate, absorption settlement bacteria, colloids and other suspended substances. Aluminum sulfate gel medicine, aluminum sulfate gel has a virus removal effect, such as endotoxin, protein nucleic acids, viruses and microorganisms, commonly used in pediatric diarrhea, treatment of stomach problems.
Aluminum sulfate gel also serves as apples, watermelon rind pectin and so on. As the peel pectin gel precipitated salt and ferrous sulfate gel, polyacrylamide gel and the potassium permanganate gel.
2013年9月25日星期三
metal soap stabilizers simple hungry applications
Metal soap as a stabilizer , mainly for the plastics industry , particularly PVC use more. Stabilizers for PVC , mostly cadmium, barium, calcium, zinc , aluminum, magnesium salts of higher Acrylic
processing aid fatty acids , especially stearic acid and lauric acid salts. They play the role of hydrogen chloride acceptor , a carboxyl group and a metal soap PVC replacement reaction of the chlorine atoms , the esterification of PVC stabilized. In most cases, the esterification reaction rate ZnCdPdCaBa. Because cadmium toxicity, have now banned . Zinc soap is best complementary stabilizer, but long-term stability is poor , the price cheaper , non-toxic , can be used in food carbon
black powder packaging films . Common Ownership zinc stearate , zinc laurate , ... PVC heat stabilizers generally based on processing tribasic lead sulfate ( three salt ) , dibasic lead stearate ( two salt ) -based, then add a small amount of lead stearate ( hard lead ) and calcium stearate ( hard calcium ) , may be used alone , can be reasonable, made of composite lead salt stabilizer. The toxicity of lead cause for great concern , three salt , two lead salt stabilizer higher indifferent people , and thus the metal soap -based heat stabilizer ( particularly a lead-free metal soap ) for people concerned , the thermal stability of the metal soap mechanism has become a hot topic. Because PVC heat stabilizers in the production aspect is Plastic chemical protected by patents , so there is no reported its exact composition and content . Commercial heat stabilizers are commercially available mixture of various compounds . Mixture is better than pure substances stabilizing effect . Meanwhile , in dealing PVC heat stabilizers are required to carefully consider its toxicity. PVC, processors and consumers should pay attention to warnings about the toxicity of stabilizer .
complex metal soap heat stabilizers on the thermal stability of
PVC heat stabilizers generally based on processing of tribasic lead sulfate ( three salt ) , dibasic lead stearate ( two salt ) -based, then add a small amount of lead stearate ( hard lead ) and calcium stearate ( hard calcium ) , may be used alone , can be reasonable, made of composite lead salt stabilizer. The toxicity of lead cause for great concern , three magnesium
stearate salt , two lead salt stabilizer higher indifferent people , and thus the metal soap -based heat stabilizer ( particularly a lead-free metal soap ) for people concerned , the thermal stability of the metal soap mechanism has become a hot topic. Because PVC heat stabilizers in the production aspect is protected by patents , so there is no reported its exact composition and epoxidation
of soybean oil content . Commercial heat stabilizers are commercially available mixture of various compounds . Mixture is better than pure substances stabilizing effect . Meanwhile , in dealing PVC heat stabilizers are required to carefully consider its toxicity. PVC, processors and consumers should pay attention to warnings about the toxicity of stabilizer . With plastic additive advanced equipment and technology can analyze the chemical composition of the stabilizer . Composite metal soap heat stabilizers 4180 ( referred to 4180 ) is a novel heat stabilizer PVC processing , is to analyze them in order to provide a viable analysis technique , it is beneficial for heat stabilizers toxic substances supervision.
2013年9月24日星期二
Stearate some simple methods
One kinds of stearyl alcohol ester synthesis method in the case of organic synthesis technology esters , stearic acid and stearyl alcohol as raw materials , characterized in that the metal oxide catalyst PVC processing
aid under nitrogen esterification atmosphere , alcohol , filtration obtained stearyl stearate ; said metal oxide is magnesium oxide or stannous oxide or iron oxide , etc., added in an amount of stearic acid and stearyl alcohol, total 0.03 to 0.12% by weight . Rational use of the present invention the metal oxide as a catalyst , such catalysts have high selectivity , non-corrosive equipment, production process is simple, can be removed by filtration , the inganic pigments product quality is stable ; while the metal oxide catalyst according to requirements, optimized design and trial research , reasonably determine the ratio of raw materials , amount of catalyst , reaction temperature, time and other parameters and conditions , mild reaction conditions , using simple equipment, so that equipment investment is more savings.
018 words a dry method production process and apparatus stearate
0002 Preparation of stearate
8005 stearate step synthesis method
1003 stearate prepared nanocrystalline ceramic powder
3008 improved stearate composition and preparation method
| 017 stearic acid complexation preparing nanoscale dispersion whitening agent strengthened metal alloy powder method using pre-
3013 emissions- step synthesis method for the production of calcium stearate
8001 non-aqueous stearate step Synthesis
0010 improved stearate composition and preparation method
1007 adhesive lubricant containing metal powder composition comprising glyceryl stearate , and the adhesive lubricant
3012 Screw Reactor reactive extrusion process to produce heavy stearate methods
3006 Preparation of stearate
8004 stearate prepared novel nano ceramic powder materials technology
018 words a dry method production process and apparatus stearate
0002 Preparation of stearate
8005 stearate step synthesis method
1003 stearate prepared nanocrystalline ceramic powder
3008 improved stearate composition and preparation method
| 017 stearic acid complexation preparing nanoscale dispersion whitening agent strengthened metal alloy powder method using pre-
3013 emissions- step synthesis method for the production of calcium stearate
8001 non-aqueous stearate step Synthesis
0010 improved stearate composition and preparation method
1007 adhesive lubricant containing metal powder composition comprising glyceryl stearate , and the adhesive lubricant
3012 Screw Reactor reactive extrusion process to produce heavy stearate methods
3006 Preparation of stearate
8004 stearate prepared novel nano ceramic powder materials technology
introduces some major stearate
Stearate is an additive for a wide range , the most important role of the polymer with very good results. Such as polyolefins can be used as an acid neutralizer , the article has a good lubricating effect , increase heat
stabilizer for panel life expectancy ( in terms of the thermoset product ) . Market , stearate great demand, generally focused on: calcium stearate, zinc stearate, sodium stearate these types . Lianyungang Huaming Tai Material Technology Co., Ltd. is mainly engaged in three types of stearate.
Production of stearic acid salt is a complex process, after several in-depth exchanges , flash dryer as stearate final process section . More than two years , the use of easy -degree flash dryer for n-butyl stearate drying stearate effect is remarkable, not only high production efficiency, and fewer human resources needed , greatly reducing the cost of doing business .
Drying stearate ( calcium stearate, zinc stearate, sodium stearate ), the main difficulty lies in mesh powder is too low, the drying time is not a good collection of dust than expected . Choose the traditional bag dust removal equipment can not solve this problem. Our response to this situation , the traditional baghouse has been improved, under the heat stabilizer for pipe premise of ensuring the production , making the maximum amount of material was collected . Stearate using flash dryer drying , the effect is remarkable, and , again using the flash drying equipment high production requirements under full load operation. Tailored for the enterprise is the most suitable drying equipment drying machine I designed purpose . Communicate constantly , constantly solving puzzles , and constantly break through the self .
Production of stearic acid salt is a complex process, after several in-depth exchanges , flash dryer as stearate final process section . More than two years , the use of easy -degree flash dryer for n-butyl stearate drying stearate effect is remarkable, not only high production efficiency, and fewer human resources needed , greatly reducing the cost of doing business .
Drying stearate ( calcium stearate, zinc stearate, sodium stearate ), the main difficulty lies in mesh powder is too low, the drying time is not a good collection of dust than expected . Choose the traditional bag dust removal equipment can not solve this problem. Our response to this situation , the traditional baghouse has been improved, under the heat stabilizer for pipe premise of ensuring the production , making the maximum amount of material was collected . Stearate using flash dryer drying , the effect is remarkable, and , again using the flash drying equipment high production requirements under full load operation. Tailored for the enterprise is the most suitable drying equipment drying machine I designed purpose . Communicate constantly , constantly solving puzzles , and constantly break through the self .
2013年9月23日星期一
The physical properties of aluminum monostearate
Appearance: white to pale yellow powder.
Density (g / mL, 25/4 ℃): 1.020
Relative vapor density (g / mL, air = 1 ) : Not available
Melting point (oC): 155
Boiling Point (oC, pressure ) : Not available
Boiling Point (oC, 5.2kPa): Not available
Refractive PVC plasticizer index: Not available
Flash Point (oC): not available
Specific rotation (o): Not available
Ignition point , or ignition temperature (oC): not available
Vapor pressure (kPa, 25oC): Not available
Saturated vapor pressure (kPa, 60oC): Not available
Heat of combustion (KJ / mol): Not available
Critical temperature (oC): not available
Critical Pressure (KPa): Not available
Water ( octanol / water ) distribution coefficient values : Not available
Explosive limit (%, V / V): Not available
Lower Explosive Limit (%, V / V): Not available
Solubility: Not available
Role and purpose
Insoluble in water, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon solvent to form a gum.
Synthesis
The freshly prepared Al (OH) 3 was washed with fluorescent brightener water after washing with methanol , methanol added directly to a solution of stearic acid , heated on a water bath , stirring, slowly react to form aluminum stearate gel products . Which is often mixed with the free acid, can be repeatedly washed with hot methanol to reduce the free acid content .
Toxicological data
Two , toxicology data:
Acute toxicity: not available.
Ecological data
Third, ecological data:
1 , Other harmful effects : The PVC heat stabilizer for window substance may be hazardous to the environment , the water should be given special attention.
Density (g / mL, 25/4 ℃): 1.020
Relative vapor density (g / mL, air = 1 ) : Not available
Melting point (oC): 155
Boiling Point (oC, pressure ) : Not available
Boiling Point (oC, 5.2kPa): Not available
Refractive PVC plasticizer index: Not available
Flash Point (oC): not available
Specific rotation (o): Not available
Ignition point , or ignition temperature (oC): not available
Vapor pressure (kPa, 25oC): Not available
Saturated vapor pressure (kPa, 60oC): Not available
Heat of combustion (KJ / mol): Not available
Critical temperature (oC): not available
Critical Pressure (KPa): Not available
Water ( octanol / water ) distribution coefficient values : Not available
Explosive limit (%, V / V): Not available
Lower Explosive Limit (%, V / V): Not available
Solubility: Not available
Role and purpose
Insoluble in water, aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon solvent to form a gum.
Synthesis
The freshly prepared Al (OH) 3 was washed with fluorescent brightener water after washing with methanol , methanol added directly to a solution of stearic acid , heated on a water bath , stirring, slowly react to form aluminum stearate gel products . Which is often mixed with the free acid, can be repeatedly washed with hot methanol to reduce the free acid content .
Toxicological data
Two , toxicology data:
Acute toxicity: not available.
Ecological data
Third, ecological data:
1 , Other harmful effects : The PVC heat stabilizer for window substance may be hazardous to the environment , the water should be given special attention.
Cadmium zinc stearate and stearic acid , magnesium stearate difference
Technical indicators a zinc stearate , molecular formula : Zn (C17H35COO) 2 two , molecular weight : 631 Third, the production process: stearic acid in hot water and lye saponification reaction with sodium stearate and zinc chloride occurred metathesis reaction of zinc stearate , dehydrated , and Acrylic impact modifier air drying the finished product . Fourth, the physical and chemical properties : White light powder , specific gravity 1.095 , a greasy feel , insoluble in water , soluble in hot ethanol , benzene and turpentine and other organic solvents, strong acid is decomposed into stearic acid and corresponding zinc ,
Magnesium stearate technical indicators one , Formula : Mg (C17H35COO) 2 two , sub Quality : 591 Third, the triple pressed stearic acid production process: stearic acid in hot water and lye saponification reaction with sodium stearate and magnesium occur metathesis reaction of magnesium stearate, dehydrated , and air drying the finished product . Fourth, the physical and chemical properties : White light powder , specific gravity 1.028 , tasteless, slightly soluble in water , soluble in hot ethanol , the event is decomposed into stearic acid and corresponding magnesium salts , this product is hygroscopic .
Technical indicators a cadmium stearate , molecular formula : (C17H35COO) 2Cb two , Weight: 678 Third, the Plastic impact modifier production process: stearic acid in hot water and lye saponification reaction with sodium stearate and cadmium nitrate metathesis reaction occurs generate cadmium stearate , after dehydration and air drying the finished product . Fourth, the physical and chemical properties : White light powder , density 1.28g/cm3, insoluble in water. Dissolved in hot ethanol and ether , absorb moisture in the air , the case is decomposed into stearic acid and corresponding cadmium salts .
Magnesium stearate technical indicators one , Formula : Mg (C17H35COO) 2 two , sub Quality : 591 Third, the triple pressed stearic acid production process: stearic acid in hot water and lye saponification reaction with sodium stearate and magnesium occur metathesis reaction of magnesium stearate, dehydrated , and air drying the finished product . Fourth, the physical and chemical properties : White light powder , specific gravity 1.028 , tasteless, slightly soluble in water , soluble in hot ethanol , the event is decomposed into stearic acid and corresponding magnesium salts , this product is hygroscopic .
Technical indicators a cadmium stearate , molecular formula : (C17H35COO) 2Cb two , Weight: 678 Third, the Plastic impact modifier production process: stearic acid in hot water and lye saponification reaction with sodium stearate and cadmium nitrate metathesis reaction occurs generate cadmium stearate , after dehydration and air drying the finished product . Fourth, the physical and chemical properties : White light powder , density 1.28g/cm3, insoluble in water. Dissolved in hot ethanol and ether , absorb moisture in the air , the case is decomposed into stearic acid and corresponding cadmium salts .
2013年9月22日星期日
Impact modifiers and processing of the main function modifier
Impact modifiers and processing modifier
( A ) impact modifiers and processing modifier function
1 , the performance of impact modifier
To improve the impact properties of plastic additives added for the purpose referred to as impact modifier . These additives can not only improve the impact strength of the resin , but also to improve the processability of the resin . Impact modifier is typically used in rigid PVC , but in polypropylene, polystyrene and modified plastics has universal application. Currently , rigid PVC impact modifier used mainly plastic flame retardant some copolymer resin or a modified resin such as ABS, MBS, EVA, CPE , and thermoplastic rubber , thermoplastic elastomers , which are widely used as PVC, PE, PP, PS, AS, ABS, PMMA, PA, PC, PBT, PET and so on. Impact modifier may be added into a ductile plastic brittle plastics can be applied only in the normal temperature of the plastic into a plastic used at low temperatures , in addition , can effectively improve the processing properties of plastics .
Ideal resistance modifier should have the following properties:
① and modification of the substrate must have a good compatibility.
② modifier particle size, morphology medium a diameter of about 200nm is appropriate to protect the effect is a high impact strength .
③ modifier to lower the glass transition temperature is preferred.
④ impact modifier preferably has slightly crosslinked to improve the reinforcing effect .
⑤ modifier processing properties of the resin without prejudice to its apparent performance and physical and mechanical properties without adverse effects.
⑥ requires non-toxic, non-polluting and affordable.
2 , the processing performance modifier
Processing modifier for plastic processing performance is poor and development of a class of additives that are added to improve the polymer in the molten resin flow , and a thermal stability, heat distortion resistance and surface gloss of the material products . Currently, the processing modifier is mainly to improve the melt viscosity of PVC , improved flowability and processability.
Processing modifier primarily polymer, the application is more acrylic copolymer , such as methyl methacrylate / acrylic acid copolymer system (MMA / FA system ) , methyl methacrylate / butyl methacrylate acrylate / ethyl acrylate / methyl methacrylate copolymer systems (MMA / BMA / EA / EMA system ) , methyl methacrylate / ethyl acrylate / acrylonitrile copolymer system (MMA / EA / AN system ), etc. The amount of resin added is usually from 3% to 8%.
( Two ) impact modifiers and processing modifier classification and species
1 , impact modifiers and species classification
① acrylonitrile - butadiene - styrene copolymer (ABS): ABS resin is a graft copolymer of polybutadiene latex is added to the styrene and acrylonitrile monomers copolymerized . Impact modifier for PVC, ABS has a good effect, the toughening effect, while the tensile Impact modifier for PVC strength and elongation decrease is small, the general amount of 10% to 20%. ABS resin due to the presence of unsaturated structures , weather is poor, so products should not be long-term outdoor use . ABS resin is less than the compatibility with PVC, MBS, the product transparency is not as good MBS copolymer ; such as a transparent ABS and PVC blends can obtain a transparent products. When the ABS dosage of 20% to 30 %, the impact strength with excellent results.
② methyl methacrylate - butadiene - styrene copolymer (MBS): MBS is to polybutadiene or butadiene - styrene emulsion , methyl methacrylate graft copolymerized . Adding MBS resin can improve the impact toughness of PVC , polyvinyl chloride increase the transparency , but poor aging resistance of MBS , MBS higher rubber content , the higher the impact toughness . MBS added amount is generally 10% to 17 % is appropriate, more than 30 % of the brittle failure occurs .
③ chlorinated polyethylene (CPE): chlorinated polyethylene of high density polyethylene (HDPE) chlorination , chlorine content is generally 30% to 45% , depending on the resin component , the chlorine content , the molecular structure and morphology different , showing a rigid plastic from the rubber elastic body in different state changes. Molecular weight of 1,000,000 or more CPE is not only good impact resistance , and excellent weather resistance , ABS and MBS overcome the shortcomings of poor weather . In addition , CPE chlorine in a great effect on the size of the modified , low chlorine content , its high crystallinity and poor toughness , high glass transition temperature , poor compatibility with PVC . Chlorine content is too high , CPE 's cohesion is stronger , but relatively poor dispersion . CPE in PVC dosage is generally 5% to 15%. CPE, cold resistance, chemical stability , flame resistance, oil resistance and electrical insulating properties are good .
④ ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA): EVA used as modifiers of PVC , the vinyl acetate content should be more than 40 ¥ . EVA good weather resistance, modified PVC products can be used outdoors, but the transparency and tensile strength have declined. The addition of EVA is generally 5% ~ 10%, EVA as the modifier , also be used in the dibasic lead stearate modified polyolefins , to improve weatherability , cold resistance .
⑤ styrene - butadiene = styrene copolymer (SBS): used mainly to change HIPS, PP, PS toughening , cold and impact strength . Added amount is generally 5 % to 10 %, can greatly improve the low temperature impact toughness .
⑥ synthetic rubber and thermoplastic elastomer impact modifier : synthetic rubber and thermoplastic elastomers have excellent toughness, flexibility , high elasticity and excellent low temperature performance, itself has good impact resistance , good impact resistance is changed Xing agent.
POE is an ethylene / octene copolymers, as PE, PP, PA impact modifier to good effect in toughening the same time, to lower rigidity .
EPDM rubber (EPDM), has good flexibility, elasticity , tear resistance , acid and alkali , weather resistance and impact resistance.
( A ) impact modifiers and processing modifier function
1 , the performance of impact modifier
To improve the impact properties of plastic additives added for the purpose referred to as impact modifier . These additives can not only improve the impact strength of the resin , but also to improve the processability of the resin . Impact modifier is typically used in rigid PVC , but in polypropylene, polystyrene and modified plastics has universal application. Currently , rigid PVC impact modifier used mainly plastic flame retardant some copolymer resin or a modified resin such as ABS, MBS, EVA, CPE , and thermoplastic rubber , thermoplastic elastomers , which are widely used as PVC, PE, PP, PS, AS, ABS, PMMA, PA, PC, PBT, PET and so on. Impact modifier may be added into a ductile plastic brittle plastics can be applied only in the normal temperature of the plastic into a plastic used at low temperatures , in addition , can effectively improve the processing properties of plastics .
Ideal resistance modifier should have the following properties:
① and modification of the substrate must have a good compatibility.
② modifier particle size, morphology medium a diameter of about 200nm is appropriate to protect the effect is a high impact strength .
③ modifier to lower the glass transition temperature is preferred.
④ impact modifier preferably has slightly crosslinked to improve the reinforcing effect .
⑤ modifier processing properties of the resin without prejudice to its apparent performance and physical and mechanical properties without adverse effects.
⑥ requires non-toxic, non-polluting and affordable.
2 , the processing performance modifier
Processing modifier for plastic processing performance is poor and development of a class of additives that are added to improve the polymer in the molten resin flow , and a thermal stability, heat distortion resistance and surface gloss of the material products . Currently, the processing modifier is mainly to improve the melt viscosity of PVC , improved flowability and processability.
Processing modifier primarily polymer, the application is more acrylic copolymer , such as methyl methacrylate / acrylic acid copolymer system (MMA / FA system ) , methyl methacrylate / butyl methacrylate acrylate / ethyl acrylate / methyl methacrylate copolymer systems (MMA / BMA / EA / EMA system ) , methyl methacrylate / ethyl acrylate / acrylonitrile copolymer system (MMA / EA / AN system ), etc. The amount of resin added is usually from 3% to 8%.
( Two ) impact modifiers and processing modifier classification and species
1 , impact modifiers and species classification
① acrylonitrile - butadiene - styrene copolymer (ABS): ABS resin is a graft copolymer of polybutadiene latex is added to the styrene and acrylonitrile monomers copolymerized . Impact modifier for PVC, ABS has a good effect, the toughening effect, while the tensile Impact modifier for PVC strength and elongation decrease is small, the general amount of 10% to 20%. ABS resin due to the presence of unsaturated structures , weather is poor, so products should not be long-term outdoor use . ABS resin is less than the compatibility with PVC, MBS, the product transparency is not as good MBS copolymer ; such as a transparent ABS and PVC blends can obtain a transparent products. When the ABS dosage of 20% to 30 %, the impact strength with excellent results.
② methyl methacrylate - butadiene - styrene copolymer (MBS): MBS is to polybutadiene or butadiene - styrene emulsion , methyl methacrylate graft copolymerized . Adding MBS resin can improve the impact toughness of PVC , polyvinyl chloride increase the transparency , but poor aging resistance of MBS , MBS higher rubber content , the higher the impact toughness . MBS added amount is generally 10% to 17 % is appropriate, more than 30 % of the brittle failure occurs .
③ chlorinated polyethylene (CPE): chlorinated polyethylene of high density polyethylene (HDPE) chlorination , chlorine content is generally 30% to 45% , depending on the resin component , the chlorine content , the molecular structure and morphology different , showing a rigid plastic from the rubber elastic body in different state changes. Molecular weight of 1,000,000 or more CPE is not only good impact resistance , and excellent weather resistance , ABS and MBS overcome the shortcomings of poor weather . In addition , CPE chlorine in a great effect on the size of the modified , low chlorine content , its high crystallinity and poor toughness , high glass transition temperature , poor compatibility with PVC . Chlorine content is too high , CPE 's cohesion is stronger , but relatively poor dispersion . CPE in PVC dosage is generally 5% to 15%. CPE, cold resistance, chemical stability , flame resistance, oil resistance and electrical insulating properties are good .
④ ethylene - vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA): EVA used as modifiers of PVC , the vinyl acetate content should be more than 40 ¥ . EVA good weather resistance, modified PVC products can be used outdoors, but the transparency and tensile strength have declined. The addition of EVA is generally 5% ~ 10%, EVA as the modifier , also be used in the dibasic lead stearate modified polyolefins , to improve weatherability , cold resistance .
⑤ styrene - butadiene = styrene copolymer (SBS): used mainly to change HIPS, PP, PS toughening , cold and impact strength . Added amount is generally 5 % to 10 %, can greatly improve the low temperature impact toughness .
⑥ synthetic rubber and thermoplastic elastomer impact modifier : synthetic rubber and thermoplastic elastomers have excellent toughness, flexibility , high elasticity and excellent low temperature performance, itself has good impact resistance , good impact resistance is changed Xing agent.
POE is an ethylene / octene copolymers, as PE, PP, PA impact modifier to good effect in toughening the same time, to lower rigidity .
EPDM rubber (EPDM), has good flexibility, elasticity , tear resistance , acid and alkali , weather resistance and impact resistance.
The main impact modifiers some simple effects
The reason why certain polymers show brittle at room temperature , which is mainly determined by the structure of the polymer itself . Polymer
The brittleness and its molecular main chain flexibility , the molecular chain of the more flexible , its brittleness is smaller , whereas the greater brittleness . All Movies
A flexible polymer chain affected by factors such as the main chain structure , a substituted group, the polymerization degree , crosslinking degree of the polymer can affect the brittle
Sex . To improve the toughness of the heat stabilizer for foaming board material , the following three main ways : in
Rubber component introduced into the polymer structure , as in the bulk polymerization of styrene butadiene component may be introduced in
Preparation of high-impact polystyrene
HIPS, which in situ in the reaction kettle modification techniques suitable for mass production . In
Introducing the polymer backbone monomers low glass transition temperature , such as bisphenol
A polycarbonate raw
Production . Through
After some modification method would have the effect of toughening complexes were blended with polymer materials ,
Thereby enhancing the impact properties of polymeric materials . Such complexes known as impact modifiers , these additives is mainly used polyvinyl chloride
Ene, polystyrene and other plastics . The PVC lubricant modified method has the freedom and flexibility characteristics.
1.1
Mechanism of impact modifier
The impact modifier in the polymer research, although there are a large number of scholars have carried out a series of fruitful work , but to
Today there are some issues unresolved , so it is no unified theory. Different scholars have proposed a different interpretation ,
Summarized in the following: rubber absorbs energy theory , shear yield theory, theory of cracks , crazing shear zone management
On other . Due to the use of rubber or elastomer -modified impact of plastics material will also reduce the rigidity of the self
Since there has been replaced by rigid particles of rubber and elastomer toughened polymers ideas, and the corresponding emergence of non-
Rigid polymer particle toughening machine theory .
Rubber absorbs energy theory
Is stretched when the cross section is substantially found not shrink , thereby setting
Want to cavitation occurs inside the material and the density becomes small ( approximately 8% reduction )
Year. They think its elongation stress whitening phenomenon
Is generated within the material of the hole caused by the scattering of light . Therefore, the argument put forward : when the material strain , in its internal generated a lot of very fine cracks , then there must be a
Of rubber particles across the crack , thus preventing rapid crack
Rapid expansion , while the rubber particles in its consumption of energy during deformation due
, Thereby improving the toughness of the material . As shown, located
Rubber particles in a growth of the crack face , such that material by
To break the impact absorbed energy equal to the PVC profile stabilizer Brittle Fracture
We can add on to be broken rubber particles acting combined. While
Explained tensile yield , must assume the formation of a large number of micro- cracks in the rubber particles absorb energy schematic
And each micro-cracks were blocked by rubber particles , micro-cracks are adjacent the substrate a thin layer of polystyrene are separated . Thus, a large tensile strain can be micro- cracks open, the rubber particles are
Elongated and polystyrene layers bend to achieve. Accordingly, they assume that the rubber particles have a "bridge " effect as well as particles having a high flexibility and good adhesion to the substrate with the premise . This theory is that it is the lack of attention to the rubber , while ignoring the polymer matrix . Toughened polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride is concerned, both in the fracture behavior of a significant difference , which is not easy to explain the theory of micro-cracks
The brittleness and its molecular main chain flexibility , the molecular chain of the more flexible , its brittleness is smaller , whereas the greater brittleness . All Movies
A flexible polymer chain affected by factors such as the main chain structure , a substituted group, the polymerization degree , crosslinking degree of the polymer can affect the brittle
Sex . To improve the toughness of the heat stabilizer for foaming board material , the following three main ways : in
Rubber component introduced into the polymer structure , as in the bulk polymerization of styrene butadiene component may be introduced in
Preparation of high-impact polystyrene
HIPS, which in situ in the reaction kettle modification techniques suitable for mass production . In
Introducing the polymer backbone monomers low glass transition temperature , such as bisphenol
A polycarbonate raw
Production . Through
After some modification method would have the effect of toughening complexes were blended with polymer materials ,
Thereby enhancing the impact properties of polymeric materials . Such complexes known as impact modifiers , these additives is mainly used polyvinyl chloride
Ene, polystyrene and other plastics . The PVC lubricant modified method has the freedom and flexibility characteristics.
1.1
Mechanism of impact modifier
The impact modifier in the polymer research, although there are a large number of scholars have carried out a series of fruitful work , but to
Today there are some issues unresolved , so it is no unified theory. Different scholars have proposed a different interpretation ,
Summarized in the following: rubber absorbs energy theory , shear yield theory, theory of cracks , crazing shear zone management
On other . Due to the use of rubber or elastomer -modified impact of plastics material will also reduce the rigidity of the self
Since there has been replaced by rigid particles of rubber and elastomer toughened polymers ideas, and the corresponding emergence of non-
Rigid polymer particle toughening machine theory .
Rubber absorbs energy theory
Is stretched when the cross section is substantially found not shrink , thereby setting
Want to cavitation occurs inside the material and the density becomes small ( approximately 8% reduction )
Year. They think its elongation stress whitening phenomenon
Is generated within the material of the hole caused by the scattering of light . Therefore, the argument put forward : when the material strain , in its internal generated a lot of very fine cracks , then there must be a
Of rubber particles across the crack , thus preventing rapid crack
Rapid expansion , while the rubber particles in its consumption of energy during deformation due
, Thereby improving the toughness of the material . As shown, located
Rubber particles in a growth of the crack face , such that material by
To break the impact absorbed energy equal to the PVC profile stabilizer Brittle Fracture
We can add on to be broken rubber particles acting combined. While
Explained tensile yield , must assume the formation of a large number of micro- cracks in the rubber particles absorb energy schematic
And each micro-cracks were blocked by rubber particles , micro-cracks are adjacent the substrate a thin layer of polystyrene are separated . Thus, a large tensile strain can be micro- cracks open, the rubber particles are
Elongated and polystyrene layers bend to achieve. Accordingly, they assume that the rubber particles have a "bridge " effect as well as particles having a high flexibility and good adhesion to the substrate with the premise . This theory is that it is the lack of attention to the rubber , while ignoring the polymer matrix . Toughened polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride is concerned, both in the fracture behavior of a significant difference , which is not easy to explain the theory of micro-cracks
2013年9月21日星期六
PVC stabilizer master some role in some of the major
PVC primary stabilizers are those have a stabilizing effect when used alone, the compound and the secondary stabilizer is an invalid who used alone with the primary stabilizer compounds Shique synergistic effect . Some primary stabilizer or between certain to choose between the PVC
stabilizer for cable main and auxiliary stabilizers act synergistically after use . First, the base of the lead salt base lead salts are used in PVC earliest and most widely used of a heat stabilizer , alkaline , and it could be heated with PVC, HCl produced REACTED stability. From toxicity, stain resistance and product transparency point of view, lead salt is not ideal. But its stabilizing effect is good, inexpensive, it is still used extensively for cheap PVC extrusion and calendered products . Because it has excellent electrical properties and low water absorption, the PVC is widely used as electrical insulation products , albums and foam stabilizers. 1.1 , tribasic lead sulfate ( also known as tribasic lead sulfate ) white powder , specific gravity 7.10 , sweet , toxic ; hygroscopic , non- flammable and corrosive . Insoluble in water, but soluble in hot ammonium acetate , wet decomposition of the light will change color . Index 2.1 , and used as electrical insulation products stabilizer. 1.2 Dibasic lead phosphate which is a fine needle-like crystalline powder ; specific gravity 6.1 , sweet and toxic ; 200 ℃ or so into a gray-black , 450 ℃ or so turns yellow . This product is not soluble in water and organic solvents , soluble in hydrochloric acid. Refractive index 2.25 , with an antioxidant effect, is an excellent weather resistance stabilizers. Second, the metal soaps metal soaps also a widely used class of PVC heat stabilizer. In carboxylic acid barium, cadmium carboxylate , zinc carboxylate , carboxylic acid , or a mixture of elemental calcium use . Its stabilizing effect is due to it in the beginning of PVC molecular chain decomposition of the place where esterification . Stabilizing effect and the strength of the metal ratio of metal soap , a carboxylic acid type, and the existence of such formulations phosphite , epoxidized oils , the antioxidant synergists . Including cadmium and zinc soap soap greatest stabilizing effect . 2.1 Lead stearate which is a fine powder , is insoluble in water , soluble in hot ethanol and ether. Heated and dissolved in an organic solvent , and then cooling a gum. Case of decomposition of stearic acid and the corresponding lead salts , easy to damp . Has good lubricity , low Plastic impact
modifier melting point and that it has the excellent dispersibility. 2.2,2 - ethyl acetate, lead is soluble solvents and plasticizers. Often dubbed 57-60 % mineral oil or plasticizer was sold. Widely used in foam blowing agent azodicarbonamide activator. 2.3 Lead salicylate which is a white crystalline powder, specific gravity 2.36 , refractive index 1.76 . Both PVC heat stabilizers and light stabilizers . 2.4 , tribasic lead stearate is a white powder , specific gravity 2.15,280-300 ℃ decomposition , the case of high temperature above 100 ℃ caking . Soluble in ether, poisonous , non- flammable and corrosive . Refractive index of 1.60 . This product is good lubricity , good light stability , widely used in PVC formulations title . 2.5 , dibasic lead phthalate white fine crystalline powder , specific gravity 4.5. Insoluble in common solvents. This product is weak , and its base portion and easy carbonation . Refractive index of 1.99. When a formula contains a plasticizer easily saponifiable stabilizing effect than tribasic lead sulfate . 2.6 , three maleate salt of lead ( tribasic lead maleate ) yellowish fine powder , specific gravity 6.0 , refractive index 2.08 , toxic , non- flammable and corrosive , with good color stability , and eliminate unstable diene structure effect. 2.7 , barium stearate fine white powder , barium content 19.5-20.6 % , the proportion of 1.145 , melting point 225 ℃ or more. Insoluble in water, but soluble in hot ethanol . Was heated and dissolved in an organic solvent , after cooling into jelly . Case of decomposition of stearic acid and the corresponding barium salt , easy to damp . Sulfur contamination must be avoided for the selection of the heat stabilizer is used when processed under high temperature lubricant. 2.8 , Osmanthus barium
2.9 , ricinoleic acid, which is a kind of barium yellow-white powder , mp l16-124 ℃, enabling products to obtain good transparency stabilizer. 2.10 , a white fine powder cadmium stearate , cadmium content 16.5-17.5 % , insoluble in water , soluble in hot ethanol , heated and dissolved in an organic solvent, a jelly after cooling , in case decomposed into stearic acid and the corresponding cadmium salt, easy to damp . Is required to have good transparency PVC heat and light stabilizers . 2.11 , cadmium ricinoleate which is a white powder, mp 96-104 ℃, both heat and light stabilizers 2.12 , calcium stearate fine white powder , insoluble in water , soluble in hot ethanol and ether. Case of decomposition of stearic acid and corresponding calcium salt , easy to damp . Is a non-toxic PVC stabilizers and lubricants . Generally not used alone , but often with soap zinc , magnesium soap or vice epoxy stabilizer used in conjunction. 2.13 , castor calcium is a white powder, melting point 74-82 ℃, PVC with a non-toxic stabilizers. 2.14 , zinc stearate fine white powder , insoluble in water , soluble in hot ethanol , turpentine , benzene and other organic solvents. Was heated and dissolved in an organic solvent, after cooling a gum. Case of decomposition of stearic acid and the lead stearate corresponding zinc , easy to damp . Is a non-toxic PVC stabilizers and lubricants. 2.15 , magnesium stearate white powder , specific gravity 1.07 , melting point of pure 85 ℃, industrial mp l08-115 ℃. Slightly soluble in water , soluble in hot ethanol , the case of decomposition of stearic acid and magnesium . This is a non-toxic PVC stabilizers and lubricants , but also phenol and urea formaldehyde resin lubricant. Third, the composite stabilizer 3.1 , liquids and liquid barium cadmium , barium cadmium zinc composite stabilizer such composite stabilizer is mainly used for the processing of soft PVC products , the basic components include : ( a ) barium salt - can be alkyl barium phenol 2 - ethylhexanoic acid , barium laurate , barium , barium benzoic acid and substituted benzoic acid , neodecanoic acid and barium . Barium salt complexes accounted 6-7% salt with cadmium ratio is about 2:1.32 ( as metal , by weight , the same below ) . ( 2 ) cadmium salts - can be 2 - ethylhexanoic acid, cadmium laurate, cadmium , cadmium oleate , phenyl and substituted benzoic acid, cadmium , cadmium naphthenate, neodecanoate, and cadmium . Cadmium salt complexes about 3-4% . ( 3 ) zinc salt - may be 2 - ethylhexanoate , zinc laurate , zinc naphthenate , zinc neodecanoate , benzoic acid and substituted benzoic acid zinc. Accounts for the composite zinc 0.5-1% . ( 4 ) phosphite - may be triphenyl phosphite , diphenyl phosphite, an octyl diphenyl phosphite, a decyl phosphite, tris ( nonylphenyl ), etc. In the phosphite complexes about 15-20 % ( by weight ) , as a chelating agent . ( 5 ) Other - include minor amounts of 2,6 - tert-butyl -p-cresol , bisphenol A, nonylphenol and other phenolic antioxidants and ultraviolet absorbers, and a liquid paraffin , white oil, diesel oil, spindle oil mineral oil as solvent , and the need small amount of antifoaming agent such as a higher alcohol . Liquid barium cadmium zinc composite stabilizer because different composition , properties are also different. But is generally pale yellow to yellow clear liquid , specific gravity 0.95-1.02 at room temperature , the viscosity of less than 100 cps , freezing point at -15 ℃ or so. Liquid Ba Ba Cd, Zn and Cd , and similar liquids , has excellent heat and light stability ; initial coloration is small, good transparency and color stability. Their stabilizing effect than solid composite soaps , therefore, may reduce the amount of , usually 2-3 parts , the dust does not occur poisoning, and completely dissolved in the plasticizer in the general , good dispersion, small tendency to precipitate . Wherein the liquid barium cadmium zinc early color than the liquid barium cadmium smaller. 3.2 Liquid Ba-Zn complexes are generally pale yellow to yellow-brown oily liquid , specific gravity of 1.0-1.1 at room temperature , good heat resistance , pollution from sulfur , with an epoxy plasticizer and used to increase the stabilizing effect on the hair foam agents are activation. 3.3 , non-toxic liquid calcium zinc complexes of liquid calcium zinc stabilizer main ingredients are calcium stearate , castor oil , calcium , zinc stearate , castor oil , zinc and epoxy soybean oil , ultraviolet absorber. Liquid calcium zinc stabilizer off
2.9 , ricinoleic acid, which is a kind of barium yellow-white powder , mp l16-124 ℃, enabling products to obtain good transparency stabilizer. 2.10 , a white fine powder cadmium stearate , cadmium content 16.5-17.5 % , insoluble in water , soluble in hot ethanol , heated and dissolved in an organic solvent, a jelly after cooling , in case decomposed into stearic acid and the corresponding cadmium salt, easy to damp . Is required to have good transparency PVC heat and light stabilizers . 2.11 , cadmium ricinoleate which is a white powder, mp 96-104 ℃, both heat and light stabilizers 2.12 , calcium stearate fine white powder , insoluble in water , soluble in hot ethanol and ether. Case of decomposition of stearic acid and corresponding calcium salt , easy to damp . Is a non-toxic PVC stabilizers and lubricants . Generally not used alone , but often with soap zinc , magnesium soap or vice epoxy stabilizer used in conjunction. 2.13 , castor calcium is a white powder, melting point 74-82 ℃, PVC with a non-toxic stabilizers. 2.14 , zinc stearate fine white powder , insoluble in water , soluble in hot ethanol , turpentine , benzene and other organic solvents. Was heated and dissolved in an organic solvent, after cooling a gum. Case of decomposition of stearic acid and the lead stearate corresponding zinc , easy to damp . Is a non-toxic PVC stabilizers and lubricants. 2.15 , magnesium stearate white powder , specific gravity 1.07 , melting point of pure 85 ℃, industrial mp l08-115 ℃. Slightly soluble in water , soluble in hot ethanol , the case of decomposition of stearic acid and magnesium . This is a non-toxic PVC stabilizers and lubricants , but also phenol and urea formaldehyde resin lubricant. Third, the composite stabilizer 3.1 , liquids and liquid barium cadmium , barium cadmium zinc composite stabilizer such composite stabilizer is mainly used for the processing of soft PVC products , the basic components include : ( a ) barium salt - can be alkyl barium phenol 2 - ethylhexanoic acid , barium laurate , barium , barium benzoic acid and substituted benzoic acid , neodecanoic acid and barium . Barium salt complexes accounted 6-7% salt with cadmium ratio is about 2:1.32 ( as metal , by weight , the same below ) . ( 2 ) cadmium salts - can be 2 - ethylhexanoic acid, cadmium laurate, cadmium , cadmium oleate , phenyl and substituted benzoic acid, cadmium , cadmium naphthenate, neodecanoate, and cadmium . Cadmium salt complexes about 3-4% . ( 3 ) zinc salt - may be 2 - ethylhexanoate , zinc laurate , zinc naphthenate , zinc neodecanoate , benzoic acid and substituted benzoic acid zinc. Accounts for the composite zinc 0.5-1% . ( 4 ) phosphite - may be triphenyl phosphite , diphenyl phosphite, an octyl diphenyl phosphite, a decyl phosphite, tris ( nonylphenyl ), etc. In the phosphite complexes about 15-20 % ( by weight ) , as a chelating agent . ( 5 ) Other - include minor amounts of 2,6 - tert-butyl -p-cresol , bisphenol A, nonylphenol and other phenolic antioxidants and ultraviolet absorbers, and a liquid paraffin , white oil, diesel oil, spindle oil mineral oil as solvent , and the need small amount of antifoaming agent such as a higher alcohol . Liquid barium cadmium zinc composite stabilizer because different composition , properties are also different. But is generally pale yellow to yellow clear liquid , specific gravity 0.95-1.02 at room temperature , the viscosity of less than 100 cps , freezing point at -15 ℃ or so. Liquid Ba Ba Cd, Zn and Cd , and similar liquids , has excellent heat and light stability ; initial coloration is small, good transparency and color stability. Their stabilizing effect than solid composite soaps , therefore, may reduce the amount of , usually 2-3 parts , the dust does not occur poisoning, and completely dissolved in the plasticizer in the general , good dispersion, small tendency to precipitate . Wherein the liquid barium cadmium zinc early color than the liquid barium cadmium smaller. 3.2 Liquid Ba-Zn complexes are generally pale yellow to yellow-brown oily liquid , specific gravity of 1.0-1.1 at room temperature , good heat resistance , pollution from sulfur , with an epoxy plasticizer and used to increase the stabilizing effect on the hair foam agents are activation. 3.3 , non-toxic liquid calcium zinc complexes of liquid calcium zinc stabilizer main ingredients are calcium stearate , castor oil , calcium , zinc stearate , castor oil , zinc and epoxy soybean oil , ultraviolet absorber. Liquid calcium zinc stabilizer off
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