Zinc stearate : Mixture Zn (C18H35O2) 2 632.2
WARNING ! Dust in the air to form an explosive concentration
Hazard class hazardous .
Health Hazard Class 2 - Moderate ( biological )
Ene hazard class 2 can - Moderate
Reactivity level 1 - mild
Zinc stearate : skin contact, eye contact , chronic exposure , medical history contraindications , excessive inhalation PVC heat stabilizer for profile of dust can cause coughing and breathing difficulties. Eating large doses can cause abdominal cramps and diarrhea. Cause skin irritation ; prolonged contact may cause skin eczema. Cause eye swelling and pain . Excessive inhalation may cause long-term worsening of the chemical pneumoconiosis, verticillium wilt and pulmonary edema. Persons suffering from skin diseases, respiratory failure or pulmonary disease who avoid exposure to such dust calcium stearate dissolved in toluene , ethanol, benzene and other Polyethylene wax organic solvents , insoluble in water , slowly heated to 400 ℃, decomposition, combustible , case decomposition of stearic acid and corresponding calcium salt , water absorption, non-toxic. Calcium stearate as PVC stabilizers and lubricants , non-toxic , non- polluting sulfide . Long-term thermal stability.
Calcium stearate uses:
Calcium stearate heat stabilizer for PVC and a variety of plastics processing lubricant , release agent . In rigid products , and the base of lead salts , lead soap can increase the coagulation of speed. Also used in food packaging, medical equipment and other requirements nontoxic soft iron oxide yellow film and equipment. Can be made of polyethylene , polypropylene , halogen absorbent to remove residual catalyst and stability of color adverse effects. As a plasticizer in rubber processing , grease thickening agent, textile waterproofing agent , paint flatting agents, plasticizers and other manufacturing plastic album . Also used in pencil manufacturing and pharmaceutical , perfume industry .
impact modifier
2013年9月16日星期一
2013年9月9日星期一
fluorescent agents lack of fear
Recently , on the " toilet paper when the paper napkin with carcinogenic ", " toilet paper contains large amounts of fluorescent whitening agent is carcinogenic ," saying aroused heated debate on the Internet . So toilet paper and napkins in the end what is the difference ? FWA carcinogenic and whether credible argument ? International plastic flame retardant Food Packaging Association Executive Vice President and Secretary General Dong Lion said , toilet paper and napkins best not to mix .
According to the relevant national standards, especially toilet paper "toilet paper " and napkin handkerchief belonging to a part of handkerchief including facial tissue , napkins and paper handkerchiefs categories.
" Toilet paper and hygiene standards handkerchief perform different , for example, microbiological criteria , the former is the total number of bacterial colonies per gram paper is less than 600 , while the latter is not more than 200 , the two do not mix benefit human health. Allow the use of toilet paper recycled paper ( recycled pulp ) to produce, but the premise is that these are clean waste paper , used tissue paper must not include them ; while the handkerchief is clear that you want to use virgin pulp , paper production that can not be used . "
" FWA widely used paper , although state regulations in the handkerchief ' mobility is not allowed contain optical titanium dioxide anatase brighteners ', but on its own terms , I think the human body and do not result in harm ."
" The fluorescent brighteners toilet paper has two main sources: First, recycled paper itself contains , the two manufacturers in the bleach is added later , but add a lot of argument is unscientific because FWA has yellowed points , its content is generally less than 1/1000 ( in paper weight basis ) , the paper will not exceed this amount but will whiten yellowed . " Shen Yongjia said.
In fact, in most countries, handkerchief production is also not explicitly prohibit the use of optical brighteners . In China, in order to avoid consumer concerns handkerchief only allowed to add fluorescent brighteners requirements.
"As for bleaching and spices , is the paper bleaching process . Corrosion and oxidation bleach although very strong, but after processing , basic does not remain in the pulp ; spices , as the paper is the human body may be, if not the sensitive skin or is the spice allergy , no problem . " Shen Yongjia that bleach and add flavor will not endanger human health.
"But the premise is qualified regular manufacturers of paper , like some sinister manufacturers out of inferior black iron oxide products, sources of raw materials is very complex , and perhaps itself contains bacteria or harmful substances.
"For example , when we went unannounced visits , found some illegal dumping of waste paper manufacturers in one , and some have even moldy , braving the stench of these paper waste paper some life , such as sanitary napkins , disposable diapers are class , but also some some chemical scrap of paper from the paper products produced with a variety of fungi, E. coli, or there is a chemical, pesticide residues harmful to human health
According to the relevant national standards, especially toilet paper "toilet paper " and napkin handkerchief belonging to a part of handkerchief including facial tissue , napkins and paper handkerchiefs categories.
" Toilet paper and hygiene standards handkerchief perform different , for example, microbiological criteria , the former is the total number of bacterial colonies per gram paper is less than 600 , while the latter is not more than 200 , the two do not mix benefit human health. Allow the use of toilet paper recycled paper ( recycled pulp ) to produce, but the premise is that these are clean waste paper , used tissue paper must not include them ; while the handkerchief is clear that you want to use virgin pulp , paper production that can not be used . "
" FWA widely used paper , although state regulations in the handkerchief ' mobility is not allowed contain optical titanium dioxide anatase brighteners ', but on its own terms , I think the human body and do not result in harm ."
" The fluorescent brighteners toilet paper has two main sources: First, recycled paper itself contains , the two manufacturers in the bleach is added later , but add a lot of argument is unscientific because FWA has yellowed points , its content is generally less than 1/1000 ( in paper weight basis ) , the paper will not exceed this amount but will whiten yellowed . " Shen Yongjia said.
In fact, in most countries, handkerchief production is also not explicitly prohibit the use of optical brighteners . In China, in order to avoid consumer concerns handkerchief only allowed to add fluorescent brighteners requirements.
"As for bleaching and spices , is the paper bleaching process . Corrosion and oxidation bleach although very strong, but after processing , basic does not remain in the pulp ; spices , as the paper is the human body may be, if not the sensitive skin or is the spice allergy , no problem . " Shen Yongjia that bleach and add flavor will not endanger human health.
"But the premise is qualified regular manufacturers of paper , like some sinister manufacturers out of inferior black iron oxide products, sources of raw materials is very complex , and perhaps itself contains bacteria or harmful substances.
"For example , when we went unannounced visits , found some illegal dumping of waste paper manufacturers in one , and some have even moldy , braving the stench of these paper waste paper some life , such as sanitary napkins , disposable diapers are class , but also some some chemical scrap of paper from the paper products produced with a variety of fungi, E. coli, or there is a chemical, pesticide residues harmful to human health
2013年9月8日星期日
Fluorescent brightener describes some
[ FWA ] fluorescence banknote paper with special fluorescent and fluorescent technology manufacturing yuan bill , authorities have not released on the " fluorescent note" For more calcium zinc stabilizer information , allegedly belonging to state-issued "experimental" , circulation number is unknown, but compared with the general yuan , certainly much less.
Fluorescence note is the rise of a new kind of coin collection , allegedly considerable amount of surviving fluorescent banknote rare, belongs to all of the coins were only a fluorescence test banknote counterfeiting technology , is a special investment products, the antimony flame retardant success rate of fluorescence banknote printing only a few percent , so the coin is extremely valuable.
Some experts believe that the fourth set of RMB fluorescent banknote will be the fourth set of RMB future mainstream collections , and fourth sets of Siamese will occupy the same position . Note in each one fluorescence under fluorescent lamp , with different special fine patterns.
Fluorescence notes in the fourth set of RMB and fifth set of RMB transition process occurs . Because of the carbon black fourth set , collection rates have been five sets of RMB Scoop high, collectors began to study another version of the yuan , only to find a fluorescent note this phenomenon.
Money market began pursuit of speculation, " fluorescent note " name , are based on the RMB appears under fluorescent pattern named . For example , there is a fourth set of RMB version else a dime , under fluorescent light will shine like the blue skies of blue sky, white light shining silver , so called " blue sky day " ;
Fluorescence note is the rise of a new kind of coin collection , allegedly considerable amount of surviving fluorescent banknote rare, belongs to all of the coins were only a fluorescence test banknote counterfeiting technology , is a special investment products, the antimony flame retardant success rate of fluorescence banknote printing only a few percent , so the coin is extremely valuable.
Some experts believe that the fourth set of RMB fluorescent banknote will be the fourth set of RMB future mainstream collections , and fourth sets of Siamese will occupy the same position . Note in each one fluorescence under fluorescent lamp , with different special fine patterns.
Fluorescence notes in the fourth set of RMB and fifth set of RMB transition process occurs . Because of the carbon black fourth set , collection rates have been five sets of RMB Scoop high, collectors began to study another version of the yuan , only to find a fluorescent note this phenomenon.
Money market began pursuit of speculation, " fluorescent note " name , are based on the RMB appears under fluorescent pattern named . For example , there is a fourth set of RMB version else a dime , under fluorescent light will shine like the blue skies of blue sky, white light shining silver , so called " blue sky day " ;
2013年9月5日星期四
PVC heat stabilizers factors affecting the transparency of PVC
PVC heat stabilizers of PVC to a certain extent affect the transparency . PVC heat stabilizers are also PVC additives can not be missing , so no PVC heat stabilizers for PVC will lose a lot of practical value. So people are constantly on the PVC heat stabilizers PVC heat stabilizer for window biochemical research . Here polyvinyl chloride PVC heat stabilizers affect the transparency of the three factors , and we do a study .1, the refractive index of the stabilizer
PVC resin, heat stabilizer and 1.52 to 1.55 of the refractive index of the visible light are the same or similar, then the better the transparency of PVC products , the transparency is low and vice versa .
2 , stabilizer molecules antimony flame retardant ( molecules ) of linear length
Heat stabilizer molecule ( or molecules ) linear length is less than 400 ~ 735nm wavelength of visible light refracting fewer higher degree of transparency , whereas less transparent .
3 , a heat stabilizer in PVC , " solubility ", ie compatibility
The so-called compatibility of two or more substances refers to the mutual affinity when mixed . Good compatibility is possible to achieve dispersion of the molecular level . Thermal stabilizer in the pvc additive molten state has good compatibility with PVC resin . Do not form a two -phase , that is no interface or the interface is not obvious, less refracted light , PVC products, higher transparency . Liquid stabilizer than the corresponding solid metal soap good compatibility in PVC , the linear molecule has a smaller length , and thus the higher the transparency of the PVC .
PVC resin, heat stabilizer and 1.52 to 1.55 of the refractive index of the visible light are the same or similar, then the better the transparency of PVC products , the transparency is low and vice versa .
2 , stabilizer molecules antimony flame retardant ( molecules ) of linear length
Heat stabilizer molecule ( or molecules ) linear length is less than 400 ~ 735nm wavelength of visible light refracting fewer higher degree of transparency , whereas less transparent .
3 , a heat stabilizer in PVC , " solubility ", ie compatibility
The so-called compatibility of two or more substances refers to the mutual affinity when mixed . Good compatibility is possible to achieve dispersion of the molecular level . Thermal stabilizer in the pvc additive molten state has good compatibility with PVC resin . Do not form a two -phase , that is no interface or the interface is not obvious, less refracted light , PVC products, higher transparency . Liquid stabilizer than the corresponding solid metal soap good compatibility in PVC , the linear molecule has a smaller length , and thus the higher the transparency of the PVC .
2013年9月4日星期三
PVC heat stabilizers - glycerin zinc experiment
PVC heat stabilizers many different types, the article describes the principles and conclusions, mainly to introduce this experimental process.
The main raw material
PVC, CPM-31, industrial grade, Chenzhou, Hunan Hydro plant; vinegar dioctyl phthalate (DOP), industrial grade, Changsha plastic eight plants; zinc stearate, AR, 99%, city of Hubei Province PVC heat stabilizer Plastics Additives Plant; calcium stearate, AR, 99%, city of Hubei Province plastic additives plant: Glycerin zinc, homemade; triphenyl phosphite vinegar, industrial, Danyang City, Chang and chemical additives Ltd.;
Epoxy soybean oil, industrial grade, Danyang City, Chang and chemical additives Limited.
Major equipment and instruments
Torque rheometer, XSS a 300, Shanghai Branch Chong Rubber Machinery Co., Ltd.;
Aging test box, 40lB, Shanghai Experimental Instrument Factory;
Electronic universal testing machine, 1) W a 4005, Changchun Institute of Science the new company test equipment;
UV light box, 500W, Beijing Institute of electric light.
Sample Preparation
Formulations shown in Table 1 for quantity, after mixing plus O ~ 100mmx clean glass plate to a thickness of about 0.5 square cladding, plasticized at 160 ℃ 6min, made with Acrylic impact modifier different stabilizers PVC film, and then were cut into 10mmx20mm samples for performance testing. Performance Testing and Characterization
Determination with Congo red Thermal stability test: GB2917-82 by a predetermined amount of dry mixture to release the tube, and the tubes were not certain depth in an oil bath at an oil bath temperature of 180 ℃ when the measured time of Congo red paper color ; compare the thermal drying heat drying discoloration observed: PVC film on each of the claimed dry aging test chamber set at 180 ℃ heat aging test carried out, test pieces taken every 10min, chromaticity variation test piece was observed, experiment has been extended to appear dark black so far. On the thermal aging specimens quantify the number, color code: 0 a transparent or white, one a pale yellow, 2 a pale yellow, 3 a yellow, four a yellowish brown, 5 a brown, 6 a reddish brown, 7 a deep brown, brown 8-9, a dark brown, 10 to black; dynamic thermal stability test: the torque rheometer mixing chamber temperature reaches 180 ℃, rotor black iron oxide speed of 45 :/ min when, respectively, according to Table 1 609 Samples were added rheometer dynamic thermal stability test, significantly increased the slope of the torque curve corresponds to the time when the mind is the thermal decomposition time; specimens UV weathering performance test: PvC film release in accelerated aging and UV light box with light stability tests. 40h after sampling by
79 tested GHI040 a tensile strength and breaking elongation, the loading speed of 5 ~ / min, the initial tensile strength and elongation at break compared calculate tensile strength retention ratio and the fracture elongation retention.
The main raw material
PVC, CPM-31, industrial grade, Chenzhou, Hunan Hydro plant; vinegar dioctyl phthalate (DOP), industrial grade, Changsha plastic eight plants; zinc stearate, AR, 99%, city of Hubei Province PVC heat stabilizer Plastics Additives Plant; calcium stearate, AR, 99%, city of Hubei Province plastic additives plant: Glycerin zinc, homemade; triphenyl phosphite vinegar, industrial, Danyang City, Chang and chemical additives Ltd.;
Epoxy soybean oil, industrial grade, Danyang City, Chang and chemical additives Limited.
Major equipment and instruments
Torque rheometer, XSS a 300, Shanghai Branch Chong Rubber Machinery Co., Ltd.;
Aging test box, 40lB, Shanghai Experimental Instrument Factory;
Electronic universal testing machine, 1) W a 4005, Changchun Institute of Science the new company test equipment;
UV light box, 500W, Beijing Institute of electric light.
Sample Preparation
Formulations shown in Table 1 for quantity, after mixing plus O ~ 100mmx clean glass plate to a thickness of about 0.5 square cladding, plasticized at 160 ℃ 6min, made with Acrylic impact modifier different stabilizers PVC film, and then were cut into 10mmx20mm samples for performance testing. Performance Testing and Characterization
Determination with Congo red Thermal stability test: GB2917-82 by a predetermined amount of dry mixture to release the tube, and the tubes were not certain depth in an oil bath at an oil bath temperature of 180 ℃ when the measured time of Congo red paper color ; compare the thermal drying heat drying discoloration observed: PVC film on each of the claimed dry aging test chamber set at 180 ℃ heat aging test carried out, test pieces taken every 10min, chromaticity variation test piece was observed, experiment has been extended to appear dark black so far. On the thermal aging specimens quantify the number, color code: 0 a transparent or white, one a pale yellow, 2 a pale yellow, 3 a yellow, four a yellowish brown, 5 a brown, 6 a reddish brown, 7 a deep brown, brown 8-9, a dark brown, 10 to black; dynamic thermal stability test: the torque rheometer mixing chamber temperature reaches 180 ℃, rotor black iron oxide speed of 45 :/ min when, respectively, according to Table 1 609 Samples were added rheometer dynamic thermal stability test, significantly increased the slope of the torque curve corresponds to the time when the mind is the thermal decomposition time; specimens UV weathering performance test: PvC film release in accelerated aging and UV light box with light stability tests. 40h after sampling by
79 tested GHI040 a tensile strength and breaking elongation, the loading speed of 5 ~ / min, the initial tensile strength and elongation at break compared calculate tensile strength retention ratio and the fracture elongation retention.
2013年8月30日星期五
[ FWA ] Diamond Fluorescence
1 Fluorescence Fluorescence indicator refers to the diamond will be issued under the intense ultraviolet blue or yellow and other colored light intensity. This sentence implies what it meant, that is, under natural light , do not feel it , unless relatively strong summer in the ultraviolet sunlight, has a strong fluorescent diamonds, eye feel the PVC foaming board stabilizer presence of fluorescence . In addition to this case , the fluorescence is no impact on the wear .
2 Not all diamonds have a fluorescent , but it is most diamonds come with a little fluorescence detection of the international diamond is to write out fluorescent indicators , domestic certificate is not particularly marked .
3 fluorescence is not always blue , diamond fluorescence blue, yellow, orange , pink and so on. Diamond fluorescence was weak , the international level from low to high are GIA standards : none ( no ), faint ( weak ), medium blue ( medium blue ) / medium yellow ( medium yellow ), strong blue ( strong blue ) / strong yellow ( strong yellow ) and other levels , or IGI standard : none ( no ), very slight ( very weak ), slight ( weak ), strong ( strong ) and other levels. Provided on each Meggiee this certificate have been described in international
4 Although it is a natural fluorescence indicators, but does not affect the value of the diamond . Depends only on the white foaming agent value of the diamond 4C, which is the color, clarity , size and cut . Other indicators only as a reference . Fluorescence selection can be said to be in 4C are in line with the selection criteria , they can not be considered. Have fluorescence or fluorescence intensity depends on personal preference , they do not affect the value of the diamond . The world famous blue diamond - the Hope Diamond (Hope) is a strong fluorescence (Strong Blue) diamonds. [ 3 ] 5 . Fluorescence principle is the diamond in the UV rays , due to impurities containing a nitrogen atom , ultraviolet energy is absorbed immediately after it at a lower level or longer wavelength re- launch of the phenomenon, we have seen lower energy fluorescent blue fluorescence, it is not radioactive, no radiation, will not have any impact on health .
6 a blue fluorescent diamonds have no fluorescence than the same color grade diamond is even more white some blue iron oxide red light when the fire will be a little more , but it depends on the size of the diamond and the fluorescence intensity . International Certificate of open diamond color is to be deducted out some blue fluorescent whitening score , that is, if two diamonds are F color , one with Strong Blue fluorescence are international institutions with a certificate , then, there is probably a very large diamond fluorescence original color than the other one no fluorescence . However, the opposite fluorescent yellow . Classy use only non-fluorescent diamonds and diamond fluorescence in under fluorescent blue diamond category , on the location of inclusions , there are strict requirements, only the tops of the diamond inclusions can not be selected .
2 Not all diamonds have a fluorescent , but it is most diamonds come with a little fluorescence detection of the international diamond is to write out fluorescent indicators , domestic certificate is not particularly marked .
3 fluorescence is not always blue , diamond fluorescence blue, yellow, orange , pink and so on. Diamond fluorescence was weak , the international level from low to high are GIA standards : none ( no ), faint ( weak ), medium blue ( medium blue ) / medium yellow ( medium yellow ), strong blue ( strong blue ) / strong yellow ( strong yellow ) and other levels , or IGI standard : none ( no ), very slight ( very weak ), slight ( weak ), strong ( strong ) and other levels. Provided on each Meggiee this certificate have been described in international
4 Although it is a natural fluorescence indicators, but does not affect the value of the diamond . Depends only on the white foaming agent value of the diamond 4C, which is the color, clarity , size and cut . Other indicators only as a reference . Fluorescence selection can be said to be in 4C are in line with the selection criteria , they can not be considered. Have fluorescence or fluorescence intensity depends on personal preference , they do not affect the value of the diamond . The world famous blue diamond - the Hope Diamond (Hope) is a strong fluorescence (Strong Blue) diamonds. [ 3 ] 5 . Fluorescence principle is the diamond in the UV rays , due to impurities containing a nitrogen atom , ultraviolet energy is absorbed immediately after it at a lower level or longer wavelength re- launch of the phenomenon, we have seen lower energy fluorescent blue fluorescence, it is not radioactive, no radiation, will not have any impact on health .
6 a blue fluorescent diamonds have no fluorescence than the same color grade diamond is even more white some blue iron oxide red light when the fire will be a little more , but it depends on the size of the diamond and the fluorescence intensity . International Certificate of open diamond color is to be deducted out some blue fluorescent whitening score , that is, if two diamonds are F color , one with Strong Blue fluorescence are international institutions with a certificate , then, there is probably a very large diamond fluorescence original color than the other one no fluorescence . However, the opposite fluorescent yellow . Classy use only non-fluorescent diamonds and diamond fluorescence in under fluorescent blue diamond category , on the location of inclusions , there are strict requirements, only the tops of the diamond inclusions can not be selected .
2013年8月26日星期一
to protect the safety of people's lives - non-toxic plasticizer
When it comes to plasticizers, plasticizers what we will think, ah, ah how I heard that some such similar problems, in fact, we have a lot of life added plasticizer things. We want PVC shoes stabilizer some drunk beverage plastic bottle washer, it is to add a plasticizer effect. This is what we have to say in health problems.
We have some kids are not only a drink, it is often in direct contact with the bottle mouth, thus indirectly and plastic washers contacts among which there is a security risk. Although China has been developing and this demanding but non-toxic plasticizer, but our research and production is still a large gap with the developed countries, which we need aluminium hydroxide to work with the plasticizer manufacturers struggled. So a lot of our attention on these small issues, in order to avoid unwittingly endanger our own health. But we need not live in fear face plasticizer is not necessary anxious fact, according to the way of life of modern society is entirely escape phthalate esters is almost impossible, but there is no need to over-nervous, because normal life the exposure to the tio2 rutile plasticizer risk of harm to the human body can be ignored.
In the next time we come together to talk about how to reduce plasticizer in life hazard.
We have some kids are not only a drink, it is often in direct contact with the bottle mouth, thus indirectly and plastic washers contacts among which there is a security risk. Although China has been developing and this demanding but non-toxic plasticizer, but our research and production is still a large gap with the developed countries, which we need aluminium hydroxide to work with the plasticizer manufacturers struggled. So a lot of our attention on these small issues, in order to avoid unwittingly endanger our own health. But we need not live in fear face plasticizer is not necessary anxious fact, according to the way of life of modern society is entirely escape phthalate esters is almost impossible, but there is no need to over-nervous, because normal life the exposure to the tio2 rutile plasticizer risk of harm to the human body can be ignored.
In the next time we come together to talk about how to reduce plasticizer in life hazard.
2013年8月25日星期日
Metal soaps waterproofing agent
Waterproofing agents of metal soaps soluble metal soaps waterproofing agent and a metal soap asphalt waterproofing agent II. Soluble metal soaps
Class waterproofing agent is stearic acid, potassium hydroxide, ammonia and water, by mixing the tribasic lead sulfate heat saponification preparation, mixed
The cement mortar or concrete, the cement particles and aggregates can form a hydrophobic adsorption layer and between the formation of insoluble matter, from the
Fill tiny pores and clogging the capillary channel effect. Bituminous waterproofing agent is a metal soap liquid petroleum asphalt, stone
Ash and water, mixing, grinding is made by drying, mixed in cement mortar and concrete, mainly from the fill tiny pores and blocking
Cypriot capillary channel effect. Within the mixed metal soaps waterproofing agents for concrete waterproofing and resistance to chloride ion effect study
Concrete is a porous material, a pore size in the nanometer to millimeter. If the surface in contact with the aqueous solution through
Wicking adsorbed to the titanium dioxide surface of concrete and further penetrate into the concrete; same time, harmful substances in solution,
Such as chloride ions, sulfate ions, it is easy to transport water into the concrete, a reinforced concrete structure serious
Corrosion damage [1]. At present, domestic and foreign has been widely adopted penetration waterproofing agent on the concrete surface water treatment
[2], but using the traditional processing methods, waterproofing agent, the penetration depth is very limited, in some special cases the anti-
Water, the effect is not very satisfactory. If you can mortar or concrete waterproofing agent is used as a component incorporated therein, then the protective
Would be better, this approach is within the mixed water treatment. This paper mainly uses four different types, two kinds of different doping
Amount of metal soap, add it to the pvc additive concrete mix to compare, test and research within the mixed metal soap of concrete anti-
Compressive strength, water absorption coefficient by capillarity, and anti-invasive ability of chloride ion. Raw materials and the preparation of the specimen
Test the water-cement ratio concrete specimens was 0.5, see the detailed mix. Raw materials used in the experiment are from Qingdao local,
Wherein the maximum particle size of gravel 25mm, sand fineness modulus of
Class waterproofing agent is stearic acid, potassium hydroxide, ammonia and water, by mixing the tribasic lead sulfate heat saponification preparation, mixed
The cement mortar or concrete, the cement particles and aggregates can form a hydrophobic adsorption layer and between the formation of insoluble matter, from the
Fill tiny pores and clogging the capillary channel effect. Bituminous waterproofing agent is a metal soap liquid petroleum asphalt, stone
Ash and water, mixing, grinding is made by drying, mixed in cement mortar and concrete, mainly from the fill tiny pores and blocking
Cypriot capillary channel effect. Within the mixed metal soaps waterproofing agents for concrete waterproofing and resistance to chloride ion effect study
Concrete is a porous material, a pore size in the nanometer to millimeter. If the surface in contact with the aqueous solution through
Wicking adsorbed to the titanium dioxide surface of concrete and further penetrate into the concrete; same time, harmful substances in solution,
Such as chloride ions, sulfate ions, it is easy to transport water into the concrete, a reinforced concrete structure serious
Corrosion damage [1]. At present, domestic and foreign has been widely adopted penetration waterproofing agent on the concrete surface water treatment
[2], but using the traditional processing methods, waterproofing agent, the penetration depth is very limited, in some special cases the anti-
Water, the effect is not very satisfactory. If you can mortar or concrete waterproofing agent is used as a component incorporated therein, then the protective
Would be better, this approach is within the mixed water treatment. This paper mainly uses four different types, two kinds of different doping
Amount of metal soap, add it to the pvc additive concrete mix to compare, test and research within the mixed metal soap of concrete anti-
Compressive strength, water absorption coefficient by capillarity, and anti-invasive ability of chloride ion. Raw materials and the preparation of the specimen
Test the water-cement ratio concrete specimens was 0.5, see the detailed mix. Raw materials used in the experiment are from Qingdao local,
Wherein the maximum particle size of gravel 25mm, sand fineness modulus of
2013年8月12日星期一
Analysis of heat stabilizers
Heat stabilizers are an important class of plastic of processing aids, heat stabilizers of PVC resin, the titanium dioxide birth and development simultaneously, mainly for the processing of PVC resin, heat stabilizer and so PVC resin, PVC products, the proportion of hard and soft close relationship. The current global annual consumption of about 500,000 tons, the main varieties of lead salts, organic tin, metal soaps, composite stabilizer and organic additives. Heat stabilizer consumption structure in different countries, in the United States, composite stabilizer total consumption 40% -50%, organic tin accounted for nearly 40%. Heat stabilizers, cadmium, low lead, dust-free, and instead of lead salts to become the carbon black industry's development priorities. Demanding of environmental regulations is driving the change in heat stabilizers, in order to protect the human living environment, many countries have passed laws limiting toxic heavy metals in PVC processing application. European PVC heat stabilizers manufacturers have made a commitment that by 2010 the amount of heat stabilizers containing lead will be halved by 2015, the full realization of lead-free. Many European countries are using calcium-based or based on organic tin - zinc substitutes instead. The yellow iron oxide amount of lead stabilizers in Europe in 1999 from 120,000 tons / year reduced to 2010 80,000 tons / year. Asia-Pacific region is expected to lead heat stabilizers demand will also be greatly reduced. Including those based on organic tin system (OBS), including new stabilizer has been widely used in the United States.
PVC heat stabilizers KF-101 Scope and recommended dosage
PVC heat stabilizers KF-101 Scope and Recommended dosage:
High thermal stability, and has excellent light stability and weathering resistance:
PVC heat stabilizer has a unique role in one pack stabilizer coupling, giving a good filler dispersion, promotion and resin package, improve product performance, reduces mechanical wear and prolong equipment life.
PVC heat stabilizers both toughened and promote melting, plasticizing fluidity.
Recommended dosage: KF-101 recommended dosage is 5-8 parts
Packing: 25KG bags peritoneum
PVC heat stabilizers Storage: Store at room temperature in a dry case, fasten sealed after use.
(1) PVC heat stabilizers various components can be obtained in the course of its abundant production mix, mixed with the intenal lubricant resin substantially improved the uniformity of slack.
(2) PVC heat stabilizer formulation are mixed, the simplified measurement of frequency, to reduce the measurement error caused by the probability of the loss and the resulting.
(3) PVC heat stabilizers simple supply and reserves of the excipients, is conducive to production, quality management.
(4) provides a possibility of dust PVC lubricant produced product, improved production conditions.
2013年8月11日星期日
hard polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) injection molding process
UPVC known as hard PVC, vinyl chloride monomer which is formed by the polymerization reaction of amorphous thermoplastic resin and certain additives (such as stabilizers, lubricants, fillers, etc.). pvc called hard pvc, vinyl chloride monomer which is prepared by polymerization of
The amorphous thermoplastic resin and certain additives (such as stabilizers, lubricants, fillers, etc.). In addition to the additive, but also other resins used for blending with the modified approach
upvc called hard pvc, vinyl chloride monomer which is formed by the polymerization reaction of amorphous thermoplastic resin and a certain additive (
Such as stabilizers, lubricants, fillers, etc.).
In addition to the additive, but also other resins used for blending with the modified approach, it has obvious practical value. These resins are cpvc, pe, abs, eva, mbs like.
upvc high melt viscosity, poor mobility, even when the injection pressure and melt temperature fluidity will not change much. In addition, the resin molding temperature and thermal decomposition temperature are very close to the temperature for forming a very narrow range, is a hard molded material.
1, plastic processing
After 24 hours at room temperature, water less than 0.02%, and therefore without drying. If must be dry, can be placed in 60-70 ℃ hot air oven for 3 hours or 80 ℃ 1-1.5 hours in a dryer.
Up to 20% recycled material and new material mixed, the amount of recycled material depends on the end use of the product. Abuse of recycled material injection can fail, not only the plastic processing aid composition of recovered much more is due to the material after repeated re-processing. Every once more recycled material decline in the quality recycling more.
2, injection molding machine selection
upvc Since the melt viscosity, easy to decompose, decomposition products have a corrosive effect on iron, which must be dedicated to the plastics injection molding components and temperature control system.
Ramada products covered in each of the organic pigments clamping force model, has specialized upvc plastics injection system, and with upvc pipe fittings Pulling requirements with a dedicated security gate devices. Under normal circumstances as long as the injection volume to meet the weight requirements, the choice of this series of injection molding device can be molded upvc high-quality products.
3, mold and gate design
Mold temperature can be set to 40 ℃. Flow channel length should be short, will have a large diameter to reduce the pressure loss and the holding pressure can be passed into the mold cavity. Gate as short as possible, cutting surface to be circular, the diameter of the smallest nozzle orifice 6mm,, into a conical angles to 5 °.
Sprue cutting surfaces have circular, with a combination of cold slug well by connecting section sprue and gate radius, diameter of 7mm.
Gate application tangentially connecting radius of the surface shape plastic parts, the shorter the better, cutting surface to be smooth.
Cold slug well to prevent semi-solidified material into the mold cavity, its importance is often overlooked.
Position of the gate to the right, so that the material in the stream flowing smoothly trail, will not stay in sharp corners, debris and metal traces in order to avoid compression or decompression situation, should maintain smooth flow smoothly.
Application of stainless steel casting mold, chromium content of at least 13%, preferably 16%, at least 55 Rockwell hardness, hard chrome-plated steel mold can be processed to form a protective effect.
After production, the application of a mild lye carefully cleaned and then sprayed mold surface quality oil spray or siliceous spray.
4, the melt temperature
Measure of available air-launched by 185-205 ℃ range. Smoothness of the material from the injection can know the heat stabilizer for shoes exact upvc melt temperature. If the material in the injection after the rough, as evidenced by the material is not homogeneous (plastics insufficient), which means that the temperature set too low; eg, injection newcomer bubble and smoke a lot of smoke, it means the temperature is too high.
5, the injection speed
Slower rate of fire, or cause excessive shear degradation of materials, the use of upvc produce extremely smooth, thick-walled products should be used multi-stage injection mold filling speed.
6, the screw speed
Should match the molding cycle may be. Screw face velocity shall not exceed 0.15-0.2m / s
7, the back pressure
Up to 150bar, the lower the better, common to 5bar.
8, the retention time
At a temperature of 200 ℃, barrel residence time can not exceed five minutes. When the temperature is 210 ℃, cylinder residence time should not exceed 3 minutes.
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