Fluorescent Brightener Fluorescent Material Identification

Fluorescent Brightener ] fluorescent material identification diamond ring ring care Material Identification Method One: sensory testing the quality of wedding ring .
Look diamond color [ 1 ] : gold organic pigments  is yellow , K gold yellow , red , and white multicolor, while imitation gold products , mostly copper alloy, lighter in color . Weigh weight : Gold accounted for 19.3g/cm3 considerably higher than the proportion of imitation gold products , such as a gold ring is 5 grams, while the  zinc borate flame retardant same size imitation gold products generally less than 3 grams.
Diamond ring ring care Material Identification Method Two: Check mark.
Origin should play with precious metal jewelry , manufacturers , materials and content mark, unimpressed product is substandard products. Inspection agencies such as quality problems can be detected according to Mark to give judgment . Consumers want to buy according to their own needs imprint brands and different gold gold jewelry.
Diamond ring ring care Material Identification Method three : Professional bodies have been identified .
If you need to know exactly the content of precious metal jewelry or a quality dispute should go to the jewelry quality inspection agency , the use of physical or chemical analysis methods were identified. Need to check carefully when buying jewelry inlaid stone , welding is heat stabilizer for pipe  solid without fracture , glitches , such as trachoma .
Diamond ring ring care Material Identification Method four : Platinum 950 Platinum 900 difference.
Platinum abbreviated PT, we basically know PT950, generally platinum ring is used for this type of material means any material containing 95% platinum jewelry components , and the remaining 5% for other precious metals, imprint of Pt950. Relative T900 containing 90% platinum jewelry components , and the remaining 10% for other precious metals, imprint of Pt900. More hard suited diamonds PT900 , PT950 relatively pure and soft , higher purity , more preservation. Most are Pt900 platinum setting , but there are a few vendors with Pt950 production setting.

[ FWA ] Diamond Fluorescence

1 Fluorescence Fluorescence indicator refers to the diamond will be issued under the intense ultraviolet blue or yellow and other colored light intensity. This sentence implies what it meant, that is, under natural light , do not feel it , unless relatively strong summer in the ultraviolet sunlight, has a strong fluorescent diamonds, eye feel the  PVC foaming board stabilizer presence of fluorescence . In addition to this case , the fluorescence is no impact on the wear .
2 Not all diamonds have a fluorescent , but it is most diamonds come with a little fluorescence detection of the international diamond is to write out fluorescent indicators , domestic certificate is not particularly marked .
3 fluorescence is not always blue , diamond fluorescence blue, yellow, orange , pink and so on. Diamond fluorescence was weak , the international level from low to high are GIA standards : none ( no ), faint ( weak ), medium blue ( medium blue ) / medium yellow ( medium yellow ), strong blue ( strong blue ) / strong yellow ( strong yellow ) and other levels , or IGI standard : none ( no ), very slight ( very weak ), slight ( weak ), strong ( strong ) and other levels. Provided on each Meggiee this certificate have been described in international
4 Although it is a natural fluorescence indicators, but does not affect the value of the diamond . Depends only on the  white foaming agent value of the diamond 4C, which is the color, clarity , size and cut . Other indicators only as a reference . Fluorescence selection can be said to be in 4C are in line with the selection criteria , they can not be considered. Have fluorescence or fluorescence intensity depends on personal preference , they do not affect the value of the diamond . The world famous blue diamond - the Hope Diamond (Hope) is a strong fluorescence (Strong Blue) diamonds. [ 3 ] 5 . Fluorescence principle is the diamond in the UV rays , due to impurities containing a nitrogen atom , ultraviolet energy is absorbed immediately after it at a lower level or longer wavelength re- launch of the phenomenon, we have seen lower energy fluorescent blue fluorescence, it is not radioactive, no radiation, will not have any impact on health .
6 a blue fluorescent diamonds have no fluorescence than the same color grade diamond is even more white some blue iron oxide red  light when the fire will be a little more , but it depends on the size of the diamond and the fluorescence intensity . International Certificate of open diamond color is to be deducted out some blue fluorescent whitening score , that is, if two diamonds are F color , one with Strong Blue fluorescence are international institutions with a certificate , then, there is probably a very large diamond fluorescence original color than the other one no fluorescence . However, the opposite fluorescent yellow . Classy use only non-fluorescent diamonds and diamond fluorescence in under fluorescent blue diamond category , on the location of inclusions , there are strict requirements, only the tops of the diamond inclusions can not be selected .

PVC lubricants - PVC lubricants Introduction

Application: PVC lubricants in the dibasic lead phosphite  plastics industry mainly used as mold release agents , plasticizers , antistatic agents , especially suitable for plastic foam products, anti-shrinkage agent. In the  production of PVC products as an internal lubricant , and alkyd resin can be used as a modifier , plasticizer nitrocellulose . Lubricant in the plastics processing flowability of the blowing agent  resin to improve the releasability and products to prevent the machine or mold adhesion and internal defects . General increase in the molding cavity or onto the surface . Common lubricants are fatty acids and their salts, long chain aliphatic hydrocarbons. The mechanism of action based lubricants can be divided into external lubricant and internal lubricant.
( 1) External Lubricant: The lubricant for molding resin compatibility is poor , so commonly used in the molding machine or the mold, it forms a lubricating layer between the resin , to facilitate resin flow and mold release products such as paraffin .
( 2 ) an internal lubricant : Lubricant such good compatibility with the resin , often incorporated into the yellow iron oxide  resin , reduce the melt viscosity of the resin , to improve their mobility . Such as butyl stearate , lead stearate . Stearic acid salts as well a lubricant is effective stabilizers.

PVC profile pipe special lubricant dispersant polyethylene wax

PVC profile pipe special lubricant dispersant polyethylene wax
Polyethylene wax, polyethylene wax Product  white foaming agent range Applications polyethylene wax dispersion effects · · masterbatch , lubrication , bright · PVC profile, pipe preparation · make high-efficiency compound stabilizers external lubricant · · improved dispersion and prevent · dust · Plastic additives improve wettability , transparency, better dispersion of hot melt adhesives · · improved heat resistance , hot- melt viscosity  Metal stearate adjustment · sign · improved heat resistance , viscosity adjustment · Rubber handle • Improved workability , carbon dispersant filler · improve heat resistance , a gelling agent , to increase the transparency candles · hard, abrasion resistance, gloss and widely used and PE, PP, PVC, ABS, LLDPE, LDPE, PS, phenolic, aminoplast such as resin agent out , blow molding, calendering, injection molding, wire and  tio2 anatase cable materials , hoses, rubber processing , paint . Hot melt adhesive mixture, high viscosity polyolefin processing, plastics concentrated masterbatch, PP masterbatch, functional masterbatch , add masterbatch , filler and other processing applications .

impact modifier narrative

 The reason why certain polymers show brittle at room temperature , which is mainly determined by the structure of the polymer itself . Polymer
The brittleness and  lead stearate its molecular main chain flexibility , the molecular chain of the more flexible , its brittleness is smaller , whereas the greater brittleness . All factors affecting the flexible polymer chain , such as the main chain structure , a substituted group, the polymerization degree , crosslinking degree of the polymer can affect the brittleness. To improve the toughness of the material , the following three main ways : in
Rubber component introduced into the polymer structure , as in the bulk polymerization of styrene butadiene component may be introduced in
Preparation of high-impact polystyrene (
HIPS, which in situ in the reaction kettle modification techniques suitable for mass production . In
Introducing the polymer backbone monomers low glass transition temperature , such as bisphenol
A polycarbonate raw
Production . Through
After some modification method would have the effect of toughening complexes were blended with polymer materials ,
Thereby enhancing the impact properties of polymeric materials . Such complexes known as impact modifiers , these additives is mainly used polyvinyl chloride
Ene, polystyrene and other plastics . The modified method has the freedom and flexibility characteristics.
1.1
Mechanism of impact modifier
The impact modifier in the oxidized PE WAX  polymer research, although there are a large number of scholars have carried out a series of fruitful work , but to
Today there are some issues unresolved , so it is no unified theory. Different scholars have proposed a different interpretation ,
Summarized in the following: rubber absorbs energy theory , shear yield theory, theory of cracks , crazing shear zone management
On other . Due to the use of rubber or elastomer -modified impact of plastics material will also reduce the rigidity of the self
Since there has been replaced by rigid particles of rubber and elastomer toughened polymers ideas, and the corresponding emergence of non-
Rigid polymer particle toughening machine theory .
Rubber absorbs energy theory
Is stretched when the cross section is substantially found not shrink , thereby setting
Want to cavitation occurs inside the material and the density becomes small ( approximately 8% reduction )
Year. They think its elongation stress whitening phenomenon
Is generated within the material of the hole caused by the scattering of light . Therefore, the argument put forward : when the material strain , in its internal generated a lot of very fine cracks , then there must be a
Of rubber particles across the crack , thus preventing rapid crack
Rapid expansion , while the rubber particles in its consumption of energy during deformation due
, Thereby improving the  titanium dioxide toughness of the material . As shown, located
Rubber particles in a growth of the crack face , such that material by
To break the impact absorbed energy equal to the Brittle Fracture
We can add on to be broken rubber particles acting combined. While
Explained tensile yield , must assume the formation of a large number of micro- cracks in the rubber particles absorb energy schematic
And each micro-cracks were blocked by rubber particles , micro-cracks are adjacent the substrate a thin layer of polystyrene are separated . Thus, a large tensile strain can be micro- cracks open, the rubber particles are
Elongated and polystyrene layers bend to achieve. Accordingly, they assume that the rubber particles have a "bridge " effect as well as particles having a high flexibility and good adhesion to the substrate with the premise . This theory is that it is the lack of attention to the rubber , while ignoring the polymer matrix . Toughened polystyrene and polyvinyl chloride is concerned, both in the fracture behavior of a significant difference , which is not easy to explain the theory of micro-cracks

impact modifier

Impact modifier 's primary role is to improve the low-temperature embrittlement of polymer materials , giving it a higher azodicarbonamide  toughness. Global plastics market demand impact modifier is 600,000 tons ( worth about $ 1.5 billion ) , of which styrene copolymers such as ABS, methyl methacrylate - butadiene - styrene (MBS) impact modifier to become the largest category, accounting for about 45% of the market share, accounting for nearly 30% acrylic ; elastomers including EPDM and  white foaming agent thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) accounts for about 10% market share ; chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) accounted for 10 %, other 5%. It is predicted that between 2004 to 2009 , a styrene-based impact modifiers average growth rate will be less than 3% , while the other categories, the average growth rate of 5% -6%. Because PVC is the largest impact modifiers used species, accounting for about 80% of the amount , so the growth in demand for PVC impact modifier will also be driven by increased demand . Engineering plastic resins such as PC, polyamide (PA), polyester, impact modifiers consumption of PVC window stabilizer  about 10 % due to strong growth in demand for engineering plastics is to promote growth in the amount of impact modifiers . Polyolefin resin consumes approximately 10% of the impact resistance improver. Experts pointed out that the future impact modifier trend is better performance, prices cheaper, faster action , the main material properties or guarantee performance under the premise of improving the member thinner.

gearbox mechanism of action

(1) dispersion forces, dispersion forces present in all polar or non-polar molecules is due to the  titanium dioxide slight transient dipole dipole interaction so near to the adjacent poles in the state resulting from a gravity. But only in the non-polar systems such as benzene, polyethylene or polystyrene, the dispersion force component of the more significant only account.
(2) with a fixed-induced dipole forces when the adjacent molecules, a non-polar molecule that induces an induced dipole, dipole-induced dipole and attraction between intrinsic induction force is called. Because π electron aromatic compounds can be highly polarized so the impact is particularly strong, such as low molecular weight esters and between polystyrene and polyvinyl acetate or benzene, mainly between the induction force.
(3) When the polarity of the molecule orientation force close to each other, due to the inherent causes the orientation of the dipole intermolecular force is called an orientation force. PVC plasticizer such as esters or cellulose nitrate is a representative example of the interaction. 2 bond containing-OH group or-NH-group of molecules, such as polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose, etc., between the molecules, and sometimes can form hydrogen bonds within the molecule. Bond is a relatively strong interaction key, they do not interfere plasticizer molecules into the polymer molecules, the hydrogen bonds along the polymer chain if more dense distribution of the plasticizer into the appropriate role against the stronger. Therefore, the plasticizer and the polymer molecules required to produce a similar effect of a strong. The other hand, as the temperature increases, the molecular attraction between the hydrogen bonds weaken significantly reduced, because the  plastic flame retardant thermal motion of molecules hinder orientation of the polymer molecules.
3 space syndiotactic structure of the polymer molecular chains to crystallize under the proper conditions, the molecular chain and clutter from the volume state into regular rows of tightly folded state. In normal conditions, the industrial production of the polymer can not be completely crystallized, but often scattered by the crystalline areas in the amorphous region inserted configuration.
Obviously, the plasticizer molecules than inserting into the crystalline regions amorphous region is much more difficult, since the polymer in the crystalline region and the  Stearate calcium free space between the chain Min. If the plasticizer molecules fit into a partially crystalline amorphous region of the polymer, this plasticizer plasticizer is a non-solvent, which is called a secondary plasticizer. If only the plasticizer molecules into amorphous region of the polymer into the crystalline regions while, then the solvent plasticizer is a plasticizer, which is called the primary plasticizer.

to protect the safety of people's lives - non-toxic plasticizer

When it comes to plasticizers, plasticizers what we will think, ah, ah how I heard that some such similar problems, in fact, we have a lot of life added plasticizer things. We want PVC shoes stabilizer  some drunk beverage plastic bottle washer, it is to add a plasticizer effect. This is what we have to say in health problems.
We have some kids are not only a drink, it is often in direct contact with the bottle mouth, thus indirectly and plastic washers contacts among which there is a security risk. Although China has been developing and this demanding but non-toxic plasticizer, but our research and production is still a large gap with the developed countries, which we need aluminium hydroxide  to work with the plasticizer manufacturers struggled. So a lot of our attention on these small issues, in order to avoid unwittingly endanger our own health. But we need not live in fear face plasticizer is not necessary anxious fact, according to the way of life of modern society is entirely escape phthalate esters is almost impossible, but there is no need to over-nervous, because normal life the exposure to the  tio2 rutile plasticizer risk of harm to the human body can be ignored.
In the next time we come together to talk about how to reduce plasticizer in life hazard.

plasticizer

The plasticizer is a high boiling point,
Low volatile substances, the organic pigments  molecular structure portion having a polar and non-polar parts. Plasticizer molecules can be inserted between the polymer chains, weakening intermolecular forces, increasing the distance between the polymer chains and space, to increase the plastic polymer, polymer processing temperature reduction. Case of PVC plastics. Because PVC child so strong intermolecular forces, the higher the processing temperature, prone to degradation. In PVC plasticizer is added and heated, the plasticizer molecules can be inserted between the PVC stabilizer for pipe  molecular chains of PVC,
PVC plasticizer polar polar part and part of the role, after cooling, the plasticizer molecules remain in the inserted position,
The non-polar part of the plasticizer to play a role in isolation, weakening PVC intermolecular forces,
Achieve improved ductility and flexibility of PVC, polyvinyl chloride processing temperature reduction purposes. The polar part of the plasticizer molecules is mainly an ester group, an epoxy group, an ether bond, a cyano group, a chloro group and other polar groups; non-polar part of the main chain methylene and alkyl chains. Adding plasticizers in polymers called external plasticizer;
The formation of the  chromium oxide polymer, said comonomer added
As an internal plasticizer, such as vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate copolymer, vinyl acetate as the internal plasticizer. Plasticizer:
 ① reduce melt viscosity;
 ② to increase the flexibility of the polymer;
 ③ increase the elongation at break of the polymer;
 ④ lower polymer molding processing temperature;
 ⑤ improve processing characteristics forming polymer;
 ⑥ improve the impact properties of polymers;
 ⑦ improve low temperature polymer Qu Xing;
 ⑧ reduce polymer surface hardness.

Metal soaps waterproofing agent

Waterproofing agents of metal soaps soluble metal soaps waterproofing agent and a metal soap asphalt waterproofing agent II. Soluble metal soaps
Class waterproofing agent is stearic acid, potassium hydroxide, ammonia and water, by mixing the  tribasic lead sulfate heat saponification preparation, mixed
The cement mortar or concrete, the cement particles and aggregates can form a hydrophobic adsorption layer and between the formation of insoluble matter, from the
Fill tiny pores and clogging the capillary channel effect. Bituminous waterproofing agent is a metal soap liquid petroleum asphalt, stone
Ash and water, mixing, grinding is made by drying, mixed in cement mortar and concrete, mainly from the fill tiny pores and blocking
Cypriot capillary channel effect. Within the mixed metal soaps waterproofing agents for concrete waterproofing and resistance to chloride ion effect study
Concrete is a porous material, a pore size in the nanometer to millimeter. If the surface in contact with the aqueous solution through
Wicking adsorbed to the titanium dioxide  surface of concrete and further penetrate into the concrete; same time, harmful substances in solution,
Such as chloride ions, sulfate ions, it is easy to transport water into the concrete, a reinforced concrete structure serious
Corrosion damage [1]. At present, domestic and foreign has been widely adopted penetration waterproofing agent on the concrete surface water treatment
[2], but using the traditional processing methods, waterproofing agent, the penetration depth is very limited, in some special cases the anti-
Water, the effect is not very satisfactory. If you can mortar or concrete waterproofing agent is used as a component incorporated therein, then the protective
Would be better, this approach is within the mixed water treatment. This paper mainly uses four different types, two kinds of different doping
Amount of metal soap, add it to the pvc additive  concrete mix to compare, test and research within the mixed metal soap of concrete anti-
Compressive strength, water absorption coefficient by capillarity, and anti-invasive ability of chloride ion. Raw materials and the preparation of the specimen
Test the water-cement ratio concrete specimens was 0.5, see the detailed mix. Raw materials used in the experiment are from Qingdao local,
Wherein the maximum particle size of gravel 25mm, sand fineness modulus of

PVC stabilizers status

Compared with other plastics, under the same conditions in the stabilization of PVC requires more significant problem. Mainly due to
If the PVC is unstable, then it magnesium stearate  can not be processed, and immediately be severe degradation and severe discoloration is
Elephant. PVC with suitable additives and stabilizers are varied, so that the development of the work into a specific
Industry sector. Which accounted for the heat stabilizer for panel  first based on barium / Fort Worth-based organometallic compounds of lead, in addition, some organic stabilizers
Has a certain importance. For future development, to discuss a given purpose "stable compound" possibilities. Affect
PVC PVC degradation factors as thermal decomposition activation energy minimum (except than polyvinyl alcohol), so
Its specialized stabilization is very necessary. Whether fast (processing) or slow (aging) thermal degradation, the degradation
The most obvious feature of the tio2 rutile  process is the presence of oxygen in the air with automatic catalytic dehydrochlorination of nature "'
]. Due to the complex ions and radicals chemical processes, reconciliation set PVC action by gathering damage mountains. Multiple
Total playing double generation and Springboard base by base and oxidation caused a color change in the Ming and mechanical properties. Trace metals, especially
Do not iron and zinc will accelerate the degradation process yang. Terminal groups of the polymer and the additive materials of the reaction is also a great shadow ...

Preparation of metallic stearates

Discloses the preparation of a metal stearate, the method under normal pressure stearic acid, powdered metal hydride
, Oxides or carbonates and medium water mixing in the melting point of stearic acid and heated to the  acrylic processing  melting point stearate
The above reaction product obtained by spin-drying, dispersing, drying metallic stearates, medium water recycled through
-Ring, the non-water discharge; method of the present invention may be a simple conventional production equipment complex prepared by decomposition
Color, composition, melting point and double decomposition products are basically the same and the  calcium zinc stabilizer apparent density was significantly improved quality calcium stearate,
Barium, lead, zinc; compared with the double decomposition method, a method of preparation of the present invention, barium stearate, zinc stearate, productivity
Significantly improved, energy consumption, water consumption significantly reduced, preparation of lead stearate, calcium stearate and white blowing agent  productivity remained unchanged
However, energy consumption, water consumption is also significantly reduced.

stearate dried to obtain opportunities

Drying snatched stearate
 Stearate is an additive for a wide range, the most important role for the polymers
Very good results. Such as polyolefins can be used as an methyl tin stabilizer  acid neutralizer, the article has a good lubricating effect,
Increase life expectancy (for thermosetting products concerned). Market, stearate great demand, generally focused on: Hard
Fat, calcium stearate, zinc stearate, sodium these types. Lianyungang Huaming Tai Material Technology Co., Ltd. is mainly engaged in it
Is that the three categories stearate. Flash dryer as stearate final process section. More than two years, the  foaming agent use of easy
Degree stearate flash dryer for drying effect is remarkable, not only high production efficiency, and human resources required
Source less, greatly reducing the cost of doing business. Drying stearate (calcium stearate, zinc stearate, sodium stearate), the main difficulty lies in mesh powder had
Low in the red iron oxide  dry dust collection can not be good when I expected. Choose the traditional bag dust removal equipment can not solve this
A problem. In response to this situation, the traditional baghouse has been improved, to ensure production of large front
Mention the next, so that the maximum amount of material is collected. Stearate using flash dryer drying, the effect is significant, and
Using flash drying equipment longer high production requirements under full load operation.

the nature of the pigment

 1 Color pigment: a pigment component of the white light selective absorption results. Physical properties of the pigment dispersion, within certain limits affect the color, because the pigment dispersion effect reflection condition, generally the smaller the particle by, the deeper the color, the greater the brightness.
(2) Opacity: pigment in the  tin stabilizer paint film that can be exposed from the coating film covering the surface of the coating film is that it is not exposed through capability.
3. Tinting strength: a color with another color mixing ability to form color intensity, tinting strength, dosage less.
4 Oil absorption: the size of the pigment oil absorption and dispersion degree, but not alone decide the  white blowing agent degree of dispersion.
5 particle size: not only determines the characteristics of the pigment, but also determines the quality of the coating.
6 Lightfastness: pigment under the action of light, color, there are different degrees of change.
7 chalking of: forming a coating film after a certain time after the exposure, the coating film of the film-forming material is damaged, the pigment on the surface of the coating film can not firmly continue, the fall off from the coating to form a powder, layer may be erased or washed away with water. This phenomenon is called pulverization.
8 institutions
9 Moisture: pigment moisture is plastic processing aid  too high, often to the paint caused many problems.
10 Heat resistance
11 Solvent Resistance
12 acid and alkali resistance
13 relative density and specific volume

pigments basic classification

From the chemical composition of the pigment can be divided into inorganic and organic pigments into two categories, its origin can be divided into natural pigments and synthetic pigments. As a source of natural mineral pigment, such as: cinnabar, clay, realgar, malachite green and heavy calcium carbonate folk painting paint
, Wollastonite, barite powder, talc, mica, kaolin, etc. Biological as a source, such as those from animal: Carmines, natural scale powder; derived from plants are: Garcinia, Alizarin red, indigo and aluminium hydroxide  so on. Synthesized by synthetic pigments, such as titanium dioxide, lithopone, lead, chrome yellow, iron blue and other inorganic pigments and Big Pink, even yellow, phthalocyanine blue, quinacridone organic pigments. Function of the pigment to the classification, such as anti-rust pigments, magnetic pigments, luminescent pigments, pearlescent pigments, electrically conductive pigments. In color, it is convenient and the methods used. This pigment can be divided into white, yellow, red, blue, green, brown, purple, black, regardless of their origin or chemical composition. The famous "Colour Index" (ColorIndex) is used to color classification methods: If the pigment into pigment yellow (PY), pigment orange (PO), Pigment Red (PR), Pigment Violet (PV), Pigment Blue (PB) , Pigment Green (PG), Pigment Brown (PBr), pigment black (PBk), pigment white (PW), metallic paint (PM) and other ten categories, the same number of color pigments are arranged according to the order, such as titanium dioxide as the PW- 6, lithopone PW-5, Lead Chrome Yellow PY-34, quinacridone PR-207, red iron oxide PR-101, Phthalocyanine Blue PB-15 and so on. In order to find the chemical composition, there is another structure number, such as titanium dioxide PW-6C.I.77891, phthalocyanine blue is PB-15C.I.74160, you can make the pigment manufacturers and users to identify the pigments listed The composition and chemical structure of the. Therefore, the pigment in the international import and export trade industry have been widely adopted, some of the domestic paint manufacturers also use this pigment international classification standards. Using color. Each color has a sign pigments, such as white epoxidation of soybean oil  as BA, red for HO, yellow for the HU ...... combined with the chemical structure of the pigment composition code and serial models, such as rutile titanium dioxide BA-01-03, chrome yellow HU-02-02, red iron oxide HO-01-01, lithopone BA-11-01, toluidine red HO-02-01, BGS phthalocyanine blue LA-61-02 and so on.
The pigment contained in the compound according to the classification categories: inorganic pigments can be broken down as oxides, chromates, sulfates, silicates, borates, molybdates, phosphates, vanadates, iron cyanate , hydroxides, sulfides, metal, etc.; organic pigment into the chemical structure of compounds according to azo pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, anthraquinone, indigoid, quinacridone, dioxazine pigments such as polycyclic, aromatic CH pigments and so on.
From the manufacturing point of view can be classified into the titanium pigments, iron pigments, chromium pigments, lead pigments, zinc pigments, metallic pigments, synthetic organic pigments, this classification method has practical significance, often PVC profile stabilizer  a system will on behalf of a professional production of the pigment industry.
From the application point to the classification can be divided into paint pigment, ink pigment, plastic pigment, rubber paint, ceramics and enamel pigments, pigment for cosmetic medicine, art with paint and so on. Various special pigments have some unique properties, in order to meet the application requirements. Pigment production plant can be targeted to professional users recommended a series of paint products.

fluorescent, transparent dyes

Transparent fluorescent dye chromatography complete series, bright color bright, strong coloring, light resistance excellent heat resistance, and according to the needs of a variety of Acrylic impact modifier  products, you want to get a variety of colors to make your product more beautiful and colorful.
Transparent series fluorescent dye can be widely applied to various plastics (such as PS / AS / ABS / PMMA / PA / PC / PET / PBT / RPVC), and decorative materials, inks, plastics, masterbatch coloring, but also for polyester, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, etc. puree coloring. Fluorescent dye is insoluble in water, soluble only in organic solvents, so the application process, you must deal with each case iron oxide red  in advance of its dyeing effect experiment meets the requirements of production technology.
 Fluorescent dyes used in the PP / PE colorants dose should not exceed 0.02%.
 

organic pigments

Organic pigments are PVC stabilizer for cable  insoluble organic matter, refers to a series of paint colors and other characteristics, a class made up of organic pigments. Usually highly dispersed coloring substrate was added. All coloring pigment heap objects have no affinity, mainly by resins, adhesives, and other film-forming material and coloring objects together. / Pigment insoluble in the course of use of the medium, the original crystalline state always exists, therefore, the color of the pigment itself it represents the color on the substrate. Pigments features include Fast, resistance to flooding, acid and alkali resistance, organic solvents, heat, crystal stability, dispersion and hiding power. Organic pigments and  methyl tin stabilizer inorganic pigments generally compared to typically have high tinting strength, easy to grind and disperse particles, not precipitation, colors are more vivid, but the Light, heat, weather and poor performance. Organic pigments commonly used in inks, paints, rubber products, plastic products, stationery and supplies and other materials coloring.

anti-rust paint with non-toxic paint Research Progress

 Metals and their alloys applications throughout all areas of the national

economy. According to statistics, the global annual metal loss due to

corrosion caused by the  tin stabilizer annual metal production capacity of up to 20% to

40%, about earthquakes, floods, typhoons and other natural disasters, the

sum of six times, resulting in huge economic losses. Meanwhile metal

corrosion damage of equipment and facilities will also affect the stability

of production and disrupt people's lives in order and even lead to

accidents resulting in personal injury. Therefore, the metal corrosion is

very important [1-3]. Organic coatings against corrosion has become by far

the most effective, most economical and most common method [4], with

excellent performance, ease of manufacture, low price and a number of other

methods can not match advantage. And more attention to environmental

protection today, the development of new anti-rust paint environmental

pollution became one of the trends [5,6].
Anti-rust paint anti-rust paint varieties and dosage, as well as with

anti-rust paint binder resin interactions occurring protective properties

of the coating greatly affected [7]. The traditional use of the anti-rust

paint coatings containing more chromium, lead, cadmium and other pigments

such as red lead, lead oxide, and  dibutyl phthalate zinc, barium, lead chromate, with its

mixture of the coating while having good anti-corrosion , but in itself

toxic, and in the production and use of the process will pollute the

environment and health hazards, many countries have strict restrictions on

the use [8]. Therefore, the development of non-toxic anti-rust paint and

coatings efficiently has become imperative. Researchers at home and abroad

have developed a phosphates, molybdates, borates and flake pigments and

other non-toxic and efficient anti-rust paint .
This article describes a variety of non-toxic anti-rust paint corrosion

mechanism and application progress, according to their mechanism of action

divided into: ① physical rust paint; ② chemical rust paint; ③ both

physical and chemical mechanisms of the integrated anti-rust rust-

preventive pigment.
A physical anti-rust paint
 Physical rust pigment itself more stable chemical properties, its anti

-rust pigment itself instead of relying on the mechanism of chemical

activity, but they have to rely on physical properties. Conventional non-

toxic physical rust red iron oxide pigments, mica iron oxide, mica, glass

flake, stainless steel scales, such as aluminum and aluminum paste.
1.1 Iron oxide red
Short red iron oxide red, formula Fe2O3, its crystalline phase with α

-Fe2O3 (used as pigments) and γ-Fe2O3 (used as a magnetic material), and

its crystal structure due to different methods of synthesis, there are

cubic, spherical, needle like type, hexagonal, diamond-and hexagonal

platelets. Red iron oxide is not soluble in water, alkali and acid, only in

the case of heating to dissolve in concentrated acid, insoluble in an

organic solvent and an organic base material, high heat resistance, α-

Fe2O3 general heat resistance up to 1200 ℃. Iron oxide red pigments are

inert, iron oxide pigments in the aluminum hydroxide  most stable, with good weather

resistance, light, water, and the role of the atmosphere is stable, and can

strongly absorb ultraviolet radiation, leaving the protected goods from red

iron UV damage. For rust in the system is based on its dense coating of the

items covered by the shielding effect from physics [13,14], while iron red

rust on the substrate have the ability, the ability of polluted gases,

alkali, coloring force, hiding power. Due to low prices, is used widely in

rust, but the rust resistance 1.2 micaceous iron oxide
Micaceous iron oxide, the main chemical ingredient of α-Fe2O3, is

hexagonal single crystal flake, mica flake as having similar structures, so

called micaceous iron oxide. Its chemical stability, non-toxic and

tasteless, high temperature, UV, also has anti-chalking, rust resistance,

alkali resistance, salt spray resistance, weather resistance and excellent

performance [15].
MIO MIO divided into natural and synthetic micaceous iron oxide two kinds.

Natural micaceous iron oxide is made from natural minerals (eg iron ore)

crushing, sorting, crushing derived, heat resistance up to 800 ℃ or more,

contain more impurities, particle size distribution is uneven. Most of the

world use natural micaceous iron oxide. The synthetic micaceous iron oxide

due to high purity, particle size distribution, with a sense of three-

dimensional sense of strong light, heat resistance is even higher than the

natural micaceous iron oxide

the introduction of organic pigments

Refers to a series of paint colors and other characteristics, a class

made up of organic pigments. Pigments features include Fast, resistance to

flooding, acid and tribasic lead sulphate  alkali resistance, organic solvents, heat, crystal

stability, dispersion and hiding power. Organic pigments and dyes

difference is that it is colored objects with no affinity only by adhesive

or film material will be attached to the surface of organic pigments, or

mixed inside the object, the object colored. Intermediates required for its

production, production equipment and synthetic dye production processes are

similar, it is often the organic pigment in the dye industry to organize

production. Organic pigments and inorganic pigments generally compared to

typically have high tinting strength, easy to grind and disperse particles,

not precipitation, colors are more vivid, but the Light, heat, weather and

poor performance. Organic pigments commonly used in inks, paints, rubber

products, plastic products, stationery and  calcium zinc stabilizer supplies and other materials

coloring. Common varieties currently on the market are the following

categories:
Molecular structure of azo pigments containing azo group (-N = N-) water-

insoluble organic compounds in the organic pigment is most varieties and

yield the largest category. Azo pigment is an aromatic or heteroaromatic

amine obtained by diazotization of an aromatic diazo component and then

with acetyl amine 2 - naphthol, pyrazolone 2 - hydroxy - 3 - naphthoic acid

or 2 - hydroxy- -3 - naphthoyl aromatic amines by coupling a coupling

component, to form water-insoluble precipitate, which is generally an azo

pigment. The synthetic method and the same dyes, but the latter is water

soluble. Azo pigments generally used as orange, yellow and red pigments

such as: Permanent Orange RN (CI Pigment Orange 5), golden red (CI Pigment

Red 21), Benzidine Yellow G (CI Pigment Yellow 12). To improve the light

fastness, heat resistance, resistance to organic solvents and other pigment

properties, by condensation of two molecules of an aromatic diamine as

macromolecules. The pigment thus prepared is called macromolecules such as

pigments or condensed azo pigments: macromolecules Orange 4R (CI Pigment

Orange 31), molecules of red R (CI Pigment Red 166).
Lake water-soluble dye (such as acid dyes, direct dyes, basic dyes, etc.)

generated by the action of a precipitating agent and a water-insoluble

pigment. Its shade more brilliant, chromatography than the whole, low

production costs, than the original water-soluble dyes high light fastness.

Precipitant mainly inorganic salts, acids, carrier. Inorganic salt

precipitate is barium, calcium chloride, manganese sulfate, water-soluble

dyes as precipitating agent and the carbon black powder  reaction of water-insoluble barium,

calcium, manganese salts such as: Permanent Red F5R (CI Pigment Red 48: 2),

Lake Red C (CI Pigment Red 53:1). Is the use of phosphoric acid

precipitation - molybdic acid, phosphoric acid - acid, tannic acid, etc. as

a precipitating agent reacts with the water-soluble alkali insoluble dye

lakes such as: Fast Rose Lake (CI Pigment Violet 1), emitted light violet

(CI Pigment Violet 3). The carrier is a water-soluble dye deposited

precipitate aluminum hydroxide, barium sulfate, etc. on the surface of the

support, to form water-insoluble precipitate neutral colors such as: acid

yellow lake (CI Pigment Orange 17), light blue lake lake

plastics processing aids

Global plastics industry is growing very rapidly, with an annual growth

rate of 4% to 6%, exceeding the growth rate of global GDP. The main reason

is that this growth to continue in the aluminum hydroxide  alternative plastic materials

traditional materials such as metal, wood, and minerals. In fact, various

additives in the resin for the successful application of plastic materials

are of great help. In the use of various types of additives to the polymer

impact modifiers and processing aids for the polymer to provide the most

unique and most valuable superior performance, but also improve the

processing performance of the product. Toughening treatment, rheology

control, beautiful appearance, processing performance, and economic factors

that are important to the nature of the property. Many of these additives

have been used for many years, after a long development derived from a wide

range of varieties. A major reason for this situation is the emulsion

polymerization process varied, which makes scientists continue to design

suitable polymer components, polymer structure, polymer morphology and

molecular weight / weight distribution. Low cost of production, and the

resulting product is easy to separate the iron oxide  emulsion, therefore, in the

commercial production of emulsion polymerization is very attractive.

In 1956, a first polymer additives for emulsion polymerization technique

was developed, which is a methacrylate - butadiene - styrene (MBS) prepared

as core-shell impact modifier. Subsequent to a variety of acrylic

processing aid and an acrylic impact modifier. Initially, these additives

are primarily used to improve the polyvinyl chloride (PVC) processability

and toughness. And processing aids for PVC mainly to promote fusion of PVC,

to enhance the melt strength, to improve the dispersion properties and

surface quality. High molecular weight PVC foam processing aid is an

important component. Means of processing aids, PVC foams can be obtained in

a more homogeneous foam structure, and to reduce the breakdown of closed

cell foam density will be lower. Act as a lubricant processing aids can

effectively prevent the molten plastic bonded to the metal surface to

improve the surface quality of products, improve production efficiency.

There are many applications of plastic materials is very limited, because

they either do not have the required physical properties, or its processing

performance is very poor, processing aids, is used to enhance the plastics

melt processing, increase production, reduce parking maintenance time and

provide better quality products.  the development of the first commercial production of processing aids product

that is used for the production of rigid PVC. After this, this

unprecedented technology will  chromium oxide soon be known to the industry, and thus

triggered a boom in the production of PVC industry. Since the 1980s

onwards, this research and development work began against other

thermoplastic materials and polymer blends product unfolded. Most of the

processing aid is generally added in PVC, and in other thermoplastics

processing aids used in little (only 0.5% to 5%), but in spite of these

processing aids able to significantly improve the processing performance,

while not affect other applications significantly affect performance.

According to the type of functionality, processing aids can be divided into

flux, melt rheology modifiers, lubricants and dispersing accelerator. In

fact, each type of processing aids and have more than one effect. Any one

processing aid functionality and application results to be dependent on its

chemical composition, the polymer structure, molecular weight and type of

the polymer matrix.

China's plastics processing aids Market Analysis and Forecast

 Is a kind of plastic processing aids to improve processability and

performance plastics additives, has formed, including plasticizers, flame

retardants, heat stabilizers, antistatic agents, light stabilizers,

antioxidants, impact-modified agents, processing lubricants, coloring

agents, and many varieties of large-scale fine PVC lubricant  chemical industries.

Currently, the global annual consumption of plastics processing aids

synthetic resin production accounts for 10% of total reached 11 million

tons. Of China's plastics processing chemicals industry since the 1950s

started, has been developed to a considerable scale, as China's

petrochemical industry and the rapid development of the plastics processing

industry is expected to 2010 will be more progress, development prospects

are quite broad.

A private plasticizer plasticizer present the whole annual production

capacity has reached 5,000,000 t, there are more than 500 varieties.

China's current total annual production capacity of plasticizers have more

than 700,000 t, a hundred manufacturers, the main varieties are phthalates,

which dioctyl phthalate and dibutyl phthalate as Lord. In addition,

terephthalic acid esters, chlorinated paraffins, alkyl sulfonic acid

esters, aliphatic dibasic acid esters, epoxy esters, phosphate esters,

nearly a hundred species, the  calcium zinc stabilizer common varieties of 20 kinds to 30 kind.

Projected to 2001, China's demand for PVC products for the 2.6 million t,

where hard products is 130 million t, the demand for plasticizers is

600,000 t ~ 65 million t. Plasticizer production capacity to meet existing

needs, but it should be the adjustment of product structure, the

development has a special function or multifunction new varieties,

renovation and expansion of economies of scale devices (annual output of

50,000 tons or more), trustworthy improve product quality, comprehensive

meet market demand. By 2010, China's plastics processing industry

plasticizer total demand will reach 810,000 t.

2 heat stabilizers heat stabilizers currently the world's annual

consumption of 300,000 t, of which the main varieties are lead salts, metal

soaps, organic tin, liquid or solid  foaming agent composite heat stabilizer. Heat

stabilizers of total annual production capacity of 40,000 t or more, about

70 manufacturers, varieties 40 ~ 50. Main varieties of lead salts (Dibasic

lead phosphate, tribasic lead sulphate, lead stearate), metal soaps

(calcium stearate, zinc, cadmium, magnesium, etc.). Organic tin (tin ester,

alkyl tin). The solid compound (liquid) heat stabilizer. One of its

development trends are: lead salt heat stabilizer is still a strong market,

but to promote clean composite lead salts; food and medical use of non-

toxic plastic heat stabilizer, organic tin and a variety of non-dust

pollution composite heat stabilizer market demand will have a larger

growth; human toxic heavy metal heat stabilizers will be restricted.

Three countries in the world with flame retardant regulations have been

promulgated, flame retardants developed very rapidly. Flame retardants in

our country also attaches great importance to the development and

production, more than 50 professional production plant, producing nearly a

hundred varieties, commonly about 30 species, the total production capacity

of 106,000 tons. Among them, chlorinated paraffin 75 000 t, phosphorus-

based halogenated phosphate esters 11,000 t, brominated flame retardants

11,000 t, inorganic flame retardants 06,000 t, the other about 03 million

t. With the amount of plastic and chemical building materials continues to

increase, the country will be an increasing demand for flame retardants, in

1999 the country's total demand for flame retardants has reached 100,000 t,

can be expected to grow in 2001 to 110,000 t ~ 12 万 t, 2010 年 will reach

200,000 t.

4 Antioxidant Antioxidant foreign market development trend stationary, the

main species divided by raw material composition of phenols (both 100

kinds), phosphorus (about 100 kinds), sulfur and amine (about 150 kinds)

and composite antioxidant. In order to meet the growing domestic market

demand for antioxidants, some places will be built kiloton production unit,

will add a total production capacity of 5000t or so.

5 light stabilizer present in the light stabilizer consumption of more than

10,000 t, the main varieties are hindered amines, benzotriazole,

benzophenone and nickel chelates, which hindered amine light stabilizers

annual output of nearly 5000t. China's existing light stabilizer production

plant over 40 varieties of about 8 ~ 9, the main varieties are salicylic

acid esters, benzophenone, benzotriazole, production falls, spending every

year a lot of foreign exchange to import various species 200t. With the

development of the plastics industry, China's light stabilizer demand will

continue to increase in 1999 market consumption is about 2700t, is expected

in 2001 will reach about 3300t, 6000t to 2010 will reach about market

prospects will be very promising.

6 impact modifiers and processing modifiers as chemical building material

industry, hard Yunnan PVC products need to add weathering strong impact

modifier. At present, China's impact modifier total annual production

capacity of 30,000 t, the main varieties of CPE (chlorinated polyethylene)

accounted for 80% or more, as well as a small amount of MBS and other

products. "Ninth Five-Year" period, in order to meet the domestic PVC hard

products processing demands against rushing modifiers have been approved or

are in the construction of various impact modifier devices. "Ninth Five"

end of the country against the punch modifier total demand of about 55,000

t ~ 6.0 million t. Estimated 2001 national confrontation punch modifier

(including processing of improved ACR) total demand will reach 65,000 t ~

7.0 million t. 2010, will reach 136,000 t. Future should develop excellent

performance ACR, MBS local development in the conditional and EVA, PVC hard

products to meet the growing needs of Canadian industry.

7 colorants use of modern plastics processing masterbatch (by the pigment,

carrier resin and additives) coloring process. At present there are about

masterbatch manufacturer with more than 70, of which only 20 kiloton plant

more than in 1999, the production capacity of about 40,000 t / a. China's

plastics processing industry for masterbatch demand will continue to grow

in 1995 and 40,000 t, 2000 year 60 000 t, to 2001 will increase to 64 000

t, 2010 年 will increase to 100,000 t. The future should be the main

development of high concentration, high concentration and multifunctional

masterbatch or special features in order to impart a variety of plastic

products, more vivid colors.

8 lubricant lubricant consumption in plastics processing large annual

consumption of more than 20 million foreign t, where U.S. sales of 100,000

t, China has imported large quantities of plastic processing equipment, and

its rigid PVC resin processing capacity 500 000 t ~ 60 million t, at 0.5%

to 1% of the added amount of calculation, need a variety of lip drops

05,000 t or more. With plastic pipes, doors, windows, profiles the

development of production, the growing demand for lubricants, the total

demand in 1995 will be increased to 05,000 t in 2001 to 26,600 t, is

expected to 2010 will be increased 62,000 t. The future should focus

primarily on developing high-speed high-temperature processing of complex

lubricant, and its products should be fine, multi-functional, no dust

pollution, low toxicity characteristics.
In summary, with China's accession to WTO and the rapid development of the

plastics industry, plastics processing chemicals industry prospects. As

long as domestic and external demand as the basis, focus on changing the

structure of varieties, the development of efficient, versatile, complex,

or a special performance dedicated auxiliaries, develop no dust pollution,

toxic and non-toxic processing aids, the use of more advanced production

process, will be able to China's plastics processing aids development of

the industry on a solid basis in the domestic and international market

competition in an invincible position.

food additives (processing aids) use regulations

 I. Purpose: To regulate food additives (processing aids) are used to manage, to ensure food hygiene and food quality and safety. Second, the range: applicable to the corporate food additives (processing aids) procurement, storage, procurement and use. Third, the use acrylic processing  and management of  1, food additives (processing aids) procurement procurement personnel must master food additives (processing aids) the use of performance and potential risks of taking into account the importance of the procurement of goods and hazardous  food additives (processing additives) are generally responsible for purchasing manager personally purchase, procurement, should pay attention to the performance requirements and the PVC shoes stabilizer  relevant precautions  its packaging should identify  and meet state regulations, procurement Shihai To obtain a copy of the relevant supplier evaluation data  food additives (processing aids) of storage Purchasing Manager I must also apply. 2, the storage of food additives food additives (processing aids) in storage before the librarian responsible for its inspection and registration check and correct before storage procedures. Food additives (processing aids) should be individually locked storage, and paste clearly marked to prevent accidental collar. During storage should be checked regularly  attention to retain its original identity. 3, food additives, food additives, hair collar (processing aids) must be limited to the collection and use of sector recipients who receive the n-butyl stearate  required standards should be based on the amount of fill material requisition  requisition must be used by the person in charge of the audit department first Consuming  while before issuing warehouse keeper should carefully examine the content of the audited picklists correct for registration and issuance. 4, the use of food additives using department according to the standard requires the use of use of food additives (processing aids), each food additive (processing aids) the use of non exceeds its specified maximum usage, operation, supervision and inspection must be performed by hand, and carefully recorded by the use of checks and signature confirmation.

PVC processing aids - the current industry problems

Current industry problems are as follows:
1, MBS technology and development is slow, broad market, but the domestic market share is low.
Even after 20 years of development, but the domestic industry is currently only out of MBS entry stage, none of the  aluminium distearate company's products can be as a processing aid ACR fully compete with foreign products as existing enterprises mostly facing the selection of equipment not advanced enough, synthesis process is unstable, synthetic techniques did not break a series of problems, and even the majority of companies do not own SBR synthetic devices can only buy non-MBS MBS dedicated for the production of styrene-butadiene latex, its product quality can be imagined. At present, the market of products, mostly on price advantage, quality of products used in less demanding PVC products, while in the high-end market, the  black iron oxide market share is small, are simply unable to impact the formation of foreign companies. Imports are expected in 2006 will be 5-6 million tons, more than 70% of total demand.
2, fewer researchers and research institutions, failed to form a scientific and technological force.
MBS Although repeatedly been listed as a national scientific and technological projects, but has yet to get a big breakthrough. Mainly due to fewer researchers, science and technology investment less. Is still the industry's research institutions to conduct their own tests, to seek a breakthrough, but the R & D model with foreign group, compared to the scale of the research team can say relatively amateur.
3, the organic pigments  current domestic and processing aid ACR ACR impact as close to the level of foreign products, but because of CPE price constraints, it is difficult to get promotion, to go out and compete for the international market and foreign products would be a good choice, but single product, poor stability will be the industry problems to be solved.

zinc-based nontoxic heat stabilizer synergistic effect

Static tests showed that three zinc salt of PVC heat stabilizer effect has been quite effective in the Dioctyl phthalate  traditional lead salt, and better than the commercially available calcium zinc heat stabilizers. Congo red test paper method by the different proportions of zinc three salt as the sole heat stabilizer, and 4 parts by adding different heat stabilizer the thermal stability time, the results show that adding a single three salt 5.8 parts of zinc, the thermal stability time for the tin stabilizer  best. Through a static oven aging test comparison, zinc salts of PVC three initial and long-term stabilizing effect have good hue, the initial holding white effect is obvious, long-term discoloration than lead salt base, zinc burning phenomenon. With pentaerythritol vinegar or 3:1 proportion with diketone compound after the initial piece of PVC and long-term inhibition of discoloration effect is obvious.
Although organic zinc and other zinc compounds can effectively inhibit initial coloration of PVC, but because of its transformation products of zinc chloride de-HCl Reaction of PVC with a strong catalytic effect, so the ingredients in a very short time malignant degradation, resulting in the so-called "zinc burning" phenomenon. Therefore, the aluminium hydroxide  zinc-based heat stabilizers have and use a variety of synergistic stabilizers.
In the zinc-based heat stabilizer stabilizer synergist, rare earth salts of organic acids, β-diketones, β-amino-crotonate, dihydropyridine derivatives, nitrogen-containing compounds such as maleimide, hydrotalcite, zeolites, perchlorate, basic inorganic compound such as aluminum calcium phosphite is nearly 30 years the emergence of new species. Among them, rare earth salts of organic acids and synergistic stabilizer hydrotalcite progress in research is worth our attention.

new pvc composite stabilizer

A climate conducive to the production of plastic products to prevent PvC contamination occurred during the  PVC window stabilizer new additive-Pvc composite stabilizer, recently developed.
The stabilizer system using advanced composite synthesis system. Its appearance white flakes, the proportion 29/cm3 so, volatile matter less than 0.5% lead oxide content of greater than 50% for the production of PVC products have high efficiency and stability with the PVC heat stabilizer for fittings  traditional Pvc stabilizer compared to lower amount of 10 to 30 percent, and no grinding, kneading pot inputs can be directly mixed for 70. insulation level, insulation class 1050, 700,900 nursing-level and low-cost cable containing paraffin grip compound, and compatibility, good dispersion, can maintain product good electrical properties and  butyl stearate mechanical properties, easy to use, low-cost formula, advanced production technology, no dust pollution.

PVC heat stabilizers tribasic acid leaden taking process (two)

The first part to introduce the  iron oxide yellow coating amount of tribasic lead sulfate on the thermal stability. Then this one to introduce lead salt concentration of PVC heat stabilizers performance. It can be seen as the lead concentration of the solution (in PbO dollars) from 300 g / L to 400 g / L, thermal stabilization time from 65 minutes to 72 minutes, followed by an increase as the concentration of thermal stabilization time is no longer growing , tends to level up to 500 g / L, which then  chrome green began to decrease. Pb concentration is too low, inevitably prolonged coating time to affect production capacity, is not conducive to the formation of a good coating layer is too high or if the lead concentration dropped fast, can cause local too thick, the first portion and the second portion respectively, to introduce the PVC heat stabilizers tribasic Lead sulfate process to take a factor. This section, to introduce two kinds of factors, they are: the ratio of water and slurry over time effects on the thermal stability; reaction temperature on the thermal stability of time effects.
First, the ratio of water and  tio2 anatase slurry over time effects on the thermal stability
Means the ratio of water to an aqueous suspension of the filler in water and the weight ratio of inert filler. Means the ratio of the filler slurry is an aqueous suspension of the water and the weight percent concentration of inert filler.
The following table shows the ratio of water and slurry concentration on the thermal stability of the effect of time can not be uniformly coated on each of inert filler particles, thus affecting the heat stabilizers thermal stabilization time.

PVC heat stabilizers tribasic acid leaden take process (a)

Because PVC heat stabilizers tribasic lead sulfate extraction, the process is more complex, factors affecting more detailed description of an article can not be and are hereby removed all the  n-butyl stearate details on this, give us representations about. Here to tell you the amount of coating under tribasic lead sulfate on the thermal stability. The amount of coating on the thermal stability time have a significant effect, as coating amount from 40% to 55%, thermal stability extended from 59 minutes to 73 minutes, that the thermal stability of the coated lead salt in the  potassium stearate coating at this stage proportional, with the coating increases, the thermal stability is slightly increased, from 73 minutes to 75 minutes, the growth rate slowed significantly. Subsequently, from the thermal stability as the coating amount hardly increases, when the coating amount to 50%, from the thermal stability has been reached after 71 minutes and tribasic lead sulfate heat stabilizer stabilization time 72 minutes already quite.
Of PVC stabilizer in the  plastic flame retardant capture HCl process, the diffusion process of closing, when the coating amount reaches the top coating, in the form of a stabilizer in the best condition to capture HCl HCl its ability to capture even more than tribasic lead sulfate, when more than the optimum amount, many of the stabilizing agent is masked in the surface stabilizer, and the surface after the formation of PbCl2 capture HCl salt stabilizing function and thus can not, therefore, even if increasing the amount of tribasic lead sulfate, the stable Function difficult to continue to grow.

rare earth composite PVC heat stabilizers advantages

Pvc heat stabilizer in the process, a single-component process stabilizer is to meet the demand. The rare earth pvc heat stabilizer heat stabilizers to play the maximum effect, and only through, and  antimony flame retardant other compound stabilizers for PVC composite can be achieved. According to processing needs, technical support, the type of product, as well as the ratio of the different conditions, the synthesis of rare skin thermal stabilizer is different.
Currently on the market of rare earth compound pvc heat stabilizer generally have the following seven advantages:
1, excellent thermal stability. Rare earth stabilizer either dynamic or static thermal stability are superior to the  traditional system and lead salts of barium, cadmium, zinc stabilizer in products to replace or reduce the use of organic tin products. Development prospects of 2, to promote melting, good processing performance. Rare earth metal salt is added stabilizer may change the rheological properties of materials, and  PVC shoes stabilizer  to promote the melting of the organic tin performance close.
3, coupling compatibilization. Rare stabilizer for PVC products, coupling of each component has a unique compatibilization, can improve the impact strength of products, can promote the increase of the amount of the resin filler.
4, plasticized, toughening. Rare earth metal salt stabilizers and stabilizer compared to a plasticizing the  foaming agent resin, toughening effect.
5, excellent transparency. Dilute ten stabilizers either alone or in combination with organic tin product mix, the optical performance can be organic tin products the same effects when used alone.
6, brightening properties. Rare earth stabilizer used in colored plastic, with a clear and unique brightening functions.
7, the weather resistance. Rare earth stabilizer significantly better anti-aging effects of light on the lead salt stabilizer, organic tin performance equivalent to seven additional stabilizer thin insulating properties and also excellent in safety and hygiene.

toxic PVC heat stabilizers Research Status and Development Trend

Polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride PVC is second only to the world's second-largest synthetic resin production over 90,000, however, PVC there are some difficult to overcome the shortcomings of poor thermal stability which was most prominent. PVC due to poor thermal stability, softening temperature and decomposition temperature difference is small, has caused great difficulties to the process, so the machining process must be a  flame retardant certain amount of heat stabilizer in order to improve its thermal stability. Currently, the largest amount of lead salt heat stabilizer. In building a harmonious society and to ensure sustainable development in mind, people's awareness of environmental protection and health gradually strengthened, therefore, low toxicity, no pollution, has become a complex and efficient PVC heat stabilizers direction of development.
Analysis of the thermal stability tribasic lead sulphate  of PVC resin
PVC imminent completion of the laboratory synthesis, is one of the earliest synthetic thermoplastics, with difficult to burn, good mechanical properties, low prices, abundant source of raw materials, synthetic process maturity and other characteristics, widely used in construction, telecommunications, transportation, electronics, chemicals, packaging and other industries. PVC heat stabilizer to heat or high-energy radiation, such as ultraviolet light "effect occurs under the autocatalytic reaction hcl off, the PVC foaming board stabilizer  thermal decomposition mechanism generally believed that there are three kinds. Oxygen environment of the free radical mechanism; (2) ion mechanism under a nitrogen atmosphere; (3) of the single vacuum molecular mechanisms that affect the thermal decomposition pvc chain structure is the main factor, means branched, double, allyl chloride, head structure of conjugated double bonds and a molecular weight etc. "effect; addition, oxygen, HCL additives and other external factors also have an impact.

Analysis of heat stabilizers

 Heat stabilizers are an important class of plastic of processing aids, heat stabilizers of PVC resin, the  titanium dioxide birth and development simultaneously, mainly for the processing of PVC resin, heat stabilizer and so PVC resin, PVC products, the proportion of hard and soft close relationship. The current global annual consumption of about 500,000 tons, the main varieties of lead salts, organic tin, metal soaps, composite stabilizer and organic additives. Heat stabilizer consumption structure in different countries, in the United States, composite stabilizer total consumption 40% -50%, organic tin accounted for nearly 40%. Heat stabilizers, cadmium, low lead, dust-free, and instead of lead salts to become the  carbon black industry's development priorities. Demanding of environmental regulations is driving the change in heat stabilizers, in order to protect the human living environment, many countries have passed laws limiting toxic heavy metals in PVC processing application. European PVC heat stabilizers manufacturers have made a commitment that by 2010 the amount of heat stabilizers containing lead will be halved by 2015, the full realization of lead-free. Many European countries are using calcium-based or based on organic tin - zinc substitutes instead. The yellow iron oxide  amount of lead stabilizers in Europe in 1999 from 120,000 tons / year reduced to 2010 80,000 tons / year. Asia-Pacific region is expected to lead heat stabilizers demand will also be greatly reduced. Including those based on organic tin system (OBS), including new stabilizer has been widely used in the United States.

PVC heat stabilizers KF-101 Scope and recommended dosage

PVC heat stabilizers KF-101 Scope and Recommended dosage:
High thermal stability, and has excellent light stability and weathering resistance:
PVC heat stabilizer has a unique role in one pack stabilizer coupling, giving a good filler dispersion, promotion and resin package, improve product performance, reduces mechanical wear and prolong equipment life.
PVC heat stabilizers both toughened and promote melting, plasticizing fluidity.
Recommended dosage: KF-101 recommended dosage is 5-8 parts
Packing: 25KG bags peritoneum
PVC heat stabilizers Storage: Store at room temperature in a dry case, fasten sealed after use.
(1) PVC heat stabilizers various components can be obtained in the course of its abundant production mix, mixed with the  intenal lubricant resin substantially improved the uniformity of slack.
(2) PVC heat stabilizer formulation are mixed, the simplified measurement of frequency, to reduce the measurement error caused by the probability of the loss and the resulting.
(3) PVC heat stabilizers simple supply and reserves of the excipients, is conducive to production, quality management.
(4) provides a possibility of dust  PVC lubricant produced product, improved production conditions.

wetting dispersing aids application

 Application of wetting dispersing aids
The base of the pigment in the paint wetting and dispersing is an important process in the manufacture of paints, paint wetting dispersing additives on the quality of a great movie
Rang. Wet grinding and dispersion of dispersing agents can shorten the time and reduce energy consumption, to ensure a steady state dispersion coating, the coating of the many performance plays a decisive role.
Pigment dispersion is a group of the  aluminium distearate secondary particles and agglomerates of aggregates broken into finer abrasive particles or primary particle size, it
Become a stable dispersion suspension. Yan moist grain: It is the process of changing the surface properties of the pigment, the pigment surface remove adsorbed water and air, to change its polarity, lower liquid / solid interface between the tension and increase the affinity for pigments and paints. Humectant is in the role of this phase additives. Wetting agent is to improve the effectiveness of the pigment dispersing surfactant wetting agent. It
Pigment surface has a strong affinity. Orientation can be adsorbed on the surface of the pigment, pigment surface adsorbate substituted: water and air. Enhance the affinity of paints and pigments, pigment in paints shorten grinding dispersion time. Because the pigment surface run process is actually a replacement project pigment wetting agent should be and therefore has a strong affinity for the pigment. The dispersion process, formed by mechanical grinding paint pigment fine particles and form a uniform suspension, the external force, to maintain a stable dispersion state is usually referred to as dispersed phase, also known as stabilization phase, the dispersant is at this stage play The additive effect. Dispersing agent is able to maintain a stable dispersion coating to improve the surface-active substances. Adding a dispersing agent in the coating can be pulverized into fine particles adsorbed on the pigment surface, constituting an adsorption layer, the charge-generating steric repulsion effect of the air to prevent re-dispersed pigment particles form harmful flocculation, can be maintained in a stable suspension system state. Dispersant of general
Large child, and can form a thick adsorption layer. Dispersant if used properly, can not only prevent pigment settling, the paint has
Good storage stability, but also to improve leveling, prevent pigment blurs to obtain a uniform color coating to improve
Coloring pigment strength, opacity, gloss increase the  film, but also reduce the viscosity of the paste, increase the  liquid stabilizer pigment grind paste
Content, improve grinding efficiency and achieve savings in manpower and energy effects.
1, a wetting dispersant, additive manufacturers have introduced general, but adding the scope and amount of the coating should be based on
Species and required to make specific decisions. To do this, we must first understand the characteristics of the resin used, and secondly to grasp the characteristics of the pigment surface, in particular acid resistance, specific surface area of ​​the size, shape, etc., to set the added amount, generally higher than the amount of surface area a little more, a small is less. If insufficient amount, the pigment surface spare too many points, could easily lead to flocculation, be counterproductive. Such as: the specific surface area is small, the amount of excess, the formation of micelles in the paint, it will affect the water resistance of the coating. So be sure to use suitable screening test must be repeated. 2, a wetting agent added dispersing procedure: pigment wetting dispersant is generally added when the ingredients to make the grinding and dispersion of the pigment surface adsorption, to achieve the desired purpose. If the compound used in the non-polar hard dispersed pigment, preferably blended in a small amount first additive resin solution and then mixed with the pigment soaked, so that the application would be more effective.
Dispersing pigment in the paint pigment in the dispersion process is more complicated, but at least through three processes, namely wet depolymerization (dispersion) and stabilized.
Providing paint pigment production, the vegetable stearic acid   production of the pigment particles formed are subtle, and its particle size is generally in between 5nm to 1um, the dispersion system can be formed easily.
But the paint pigment plant put into production, mostly in the original-sized particles, agglomerates and aggregates mixtures exist. Primary-particle: a pigment formed in the manufacturing process of associating a single crystal or crystals is relatively fine grain size. Agglomerates: the original sized particles connected edges and corners, a combination of the structure is relatively loose, large particle group. Aggregates: a primary-particle combination of two-sided, or the growing crystal surface together, the structure is compact, large particle group.
Most of the pigment agglomerates of Lu cake drying and subsequent formation of a dry mill.
Aggregates of pigment manufacturing process precipitate formed during the curing. Agglomerates and aggregates secondary particles as pigments together. 1, pigment wetting:
Production of the pigment used in paints are generally adsorbed surface layer of air and water, the voids between the particles are filled by air, dispersing the pigment in the paint the most important prerequisite is the need to use paints instead of air and moisture, and exposure of the pigment the formation of a new layer on the surface of coated film, which instead of air and moisture with the paints and coating film formed on the surface of the pigment in the process, referred to as pigment wetting process. 2, the pigment depolymerization (dispersion): In the dispersion process, only the surface of the secondary particles is not enough to wet paints, because such a large size, small surface
Group product of pigment particles can not meet the requirements and maintain a film forming paint liquid paint a stable dispersion state.
Must therefore be subjected to external mechanical forces (shear forces primarily) deaggregation these large particles, to restore back to the original level at or near the particle size to small particles form a large surface area exposed to the paint and so that all surfaces are exposed by wet paints. This means the applied mechanical force, the pigment agglomerates and aggregates restored or nearly restored to the original level of particles or depolymerization process called dispersion process called. Pigment in the paint in the paint manufacturing process depolymerization is the main, the most energy consuming processes. Depolymerization can paint the outer
To mechanical force, usually by grinding and dispersion we normally use equipment, such as a sand mill, ball mill, three-roll machine, high speed disperser and two roll machine generated. As a dispersion medium in order to create a liquid vehicle for the pigment (filling) material particles penetrate the surface of the conditions necessary to color (fill) material aggregates and agglomerates can be applied to promote its breakdown external mechanical force, the color (fill) depolymerization material particles, it is better to paint the wetting liquid, which requires grinding and dispersion equipment. Paint the polishing slurry, the pigment particles depolymerization process, not only can be sufficiently liquid so that wet paint color (fill) material particle surface to improve the stability of the millbase, and with a higher level of pigment dispersion, coloring pigments, cover will be a corresponding increase in strength, gloss and other paint film performance is also improved. So the selection of an efficient grinding and dispersion device, can greatly improve the dispersion of pigment in the paint level, thereby improving the millbase while reducing the amount of pigment stability, improve the quality of paint and coatings. 3, the stabilization: depolymerization has been wetted pigment particles distributed to a large number of paints continue to go, so there is enough paint coated on the periphery of pigment particles, and isolated from one another, thereby reducing the pigment particles attraction between avoid the phase between the pigment particles
Contact with each other, such that each has to be gathered and the solution of the pigment particles are moistened sufficiently thick, continuous, non-volatile dispersion of film-forming material is permanently open, the dispersion in the absence of the control of the applied mechanical force, pigment particles does not occur again coalesce into large particles in the process, called the stabilization process, the stability of the pigment dispersion obtained, the ultimate goal is the production of paint. Thus, the dispersion of pigment in the paint is wet, and stabilization depolymerization process three major components.
But, in fact, these three processes are not completely separate, but simultaneous and alternating conducted. For dispersing the pigment in the paint dispersion is formed, the relationship between the three: a wet basis, in order to more fully depolymerization wetting, and to achieve steady state of the ultimate goal.
If the pigment is dispersed in the paint well, to reach a relatively stable state, then had been dispersed pigment particles likely will re-close and gathered into large particles, forming what we call a pigment floc flocculation of pigments is distributed among the inverse process. Floc pigments and aggregates and agglomerates, although the original-sized particles made of large particle coalescence particle group, but the floc and the latter are essentially different, although it still paints the surface of the package cover, paint particles have been filled the gap, the pigment aggregates and agglomerates the surface of the cladding is air and water, the gap is filled by air, but the micro-flocculation state, in the production of coatings as well as its the use of the Department.

hard polyvinyl chloride (UPVC) injection molding process

UPVC known as hard PVC, vinyl chloride monomer which is formed by the polymerization reaction of amorphous thermoplastic resin and certain additives (such as stabilizers, lubricants, fillers, etc.). pvc called hard pvc, vinyl chloride monomer which is prepared by polymerization of
The amorphous thermoplastic resin and certain additives (such as stabilizers, lubricants, fillers, etc.). In addition to the additive, but also other resins used for blending with the modified approach
upvc called hard pvc, vinyl chloride monomer which is formed by the polymerization reaction of amorphous thermoplastic resin and a certain additive (
Such as stabilizers, lubricants, fillers, etc.).
In addition to the additive, but also other resins used for blending with the modified approach, it has obvious practical value. These resins are cpvc, pe, abs, eva, mbs like.
upvc high melt viscosity, poor mobility, even when the injection pressure and melt temperature fluidity will not change much. In addition, the resin molding temperature and thermal decomposition temperature are very close to the temperature for forming a very narrow range, is a hard molded material.
1, plastic processing
After 24 hours at room temperature, water less than 0.02%, and therefore without drying. If must be dry, can be placed in 60-70 ℃ hot air oven for 3 hours or 80 ℃ 1-1.5 hours in a dryer.
Up to 20% recycled material and new material mixed, the amount of recycled material depends on the end use of the product. Abuse of recycled material injection can fail, not only the plastic processing aid  composition of recovered much more is due to the material after repeated re-processing. Every once more recycled material decline in the quality recycling more.
2, injection molding machine selection
upvc Since the melt viscosity, easy to decompose, decomposition products have a corrosive effect on iron, which must be dedicated to the plastics injection molding components and temperature control system.
Ramada products covered in each of the  organic pigments clamping force model, has specialized upvc plastics injection system, and with upvc pipe fittings Pulling requirements with a dedicated security gate devices. Under normal circumstances as long as the injection volume to meet the weight requirements, the choice of this series of injection molding device can be molded upvc high-quality products.
3, mold and gate design
Mold temperature can be set to 40 ℃. Flow channel length should be short, will have a large diameter to reduce the pressure loss and the holding pressure can be passed into the mold cavity. Gate as short as possible, cutting surface to be circular, the diameter of the smallest nozzle orifice 6mm,, into a conical angles to 5 °.
Sprue cutting surfaces have circular, with a combination of cold slug well by connecting section sprue and gate radius, diameter of 7mm.
Gate application tangentially connecting radius of the surface shape plastic parts, the shorter the better, cutting surface to be smooth.
Cold slug well to prevent semi-solidified material into the mold cavity, its importance is often overlooked.
Position of the gate to the right, so that the material in the stream flowing smoothly trail, will not stay in sharp corners, debris and metal traces in order to avoid compression or decompression situation, should maintain smooth flow smoothly.
Application of stainless steel casting mold, chromium content of at least 13%, preferably 16%, at least 55 Rockwell hardness, hard chrome-plated steel mold can be processed to form a protective effect.
After production, the application of a mild lye carefully cleaned and then sprayed mold surface quality oil spray or siliceous spray.
4, the melt temperature
Measure of available air-launched by 185-205 ℃ range. Smoothness of the material from the injection can know the  heat stabilizer for shoes exact upvc melt temperature. If the material in the injection after the rough, as evidenced by the material is not homogeneous (plastics insufficient), which means that the temperature set too low; eg, injection newcomer bubble and smoke a lot of smoke, it means the temperature is too high.
5, the injection speed
Slower rate of fire, or cause excessive shear degradation of materials, the use of upvc produce extremely smooth, thick-walled products should be used multi-stage injection mold filling speed.
6, the screw speed
Should match the  molding cycle may be. Screw face velocity shall not exceed 0.15-0.2m / s
7, the back pressure
Up to 150bar, the lower the better, common to 5bar.
8, the retention time
At a temperature of 200 ℃, barrel residence time can not exceed five minutes. When the temperature is 210 ℃, cylinder residence time should not exceed 3 minutes.

No water of zinc borate

Anhydrous zinc borate of the formula 2ZnO.3B2O3..
Molecular weight of 371.68. Included (ZnO) is greater than 46%, containing (B2O3) is greater than 52%, purity 99.5%.
White fine powder, insoluble in water and organic solvents, is non-toxic,zinc borate flame retardant tasteless, non-corrosive and irritating inorganic flame retardants, both flame retardant, but also smoke, eliminate arcing.
Product specific surface area is small, there is gloss, strong distribution rate. Widely used in white pigments, pharmaceuticals, plastics, rubber, building materials, wood, paper, cables, wires, defense industry products, paint (in the paint with rust, mildew, bacteria, corrosion, pollution prevention, anti-

Powder, to prevent discoloration, fire and other effects), tarpaulins, textile fabrics flame retardant, waterproof fabric, ceramics glaze, paint mildew, mildew, fungicides various flame retardant products .