China is a major WSD one pack stabilizer producer of PVC is also the world 's largest consumer of

China is a major producer of PVC , but also the world's largest consumer. 2007 China PVC production capacity has reached 14.5 million , t increase of 45 % compared to 2006 , the average annual growth rate for the world nine times , accounting for 30 % of the world 's total PVC . With the further expansion of PVC production capacity , demand for PVC heat stabilizers also continue to rise. Since the mid- 1950s , China began producing self- supporting since PVC heat stabilizers , heat stabilizers for PVC consumption With the rapid development of the industry and a substantial increase in heat stabilizers developed into the second largest plastics additives products. At present, China plastic heat stabilizer production enterprises have more than 100 , while the low-end of the lead salt heat stabilizer is still overwhelmingly dominant , industry 60% of enterprises due to technical reasons plastic processing aid only to produce lead salt -based heat stabilizers , domestic PVC products in more than 65% or the use of lead salt heat stabilizer ( metal soap and composite metal soap is also part of the lead soap heat stabilizers ) , the annual amount of up to about 120 000 t. To avoid potential lead contamination , improve people's living environment , China since 2003 began a comprehensive campaign to ban lead . Ministry of Construction in 2004 began requiring the use of non- national lead salt water pipes PVC heat stabilizers ; Beijing from April 1, 2005 began restricting the use of lead- salt heat stabilizer PVC pipes for drinking water ; power system also introduced a ban within the grid regulations governing the use of chlorinated PVC protective lead salts and organic tin heat stabilizer to prevent environmental pollution, especially pollution of groundwater sources . PVC profiles have now begun to explore the lead-free. China's environmental PVC heat stabilizerprotection type calcium / zinc heat stabilizers are still dependent on foreign imports , but the price is expensive, imported calcium / zinc heat stabilizers are generally in the 3 to 5 million /; t because the domestic PVC heat stabilizer production of PVC heat stabilizers business technology behind domestic calcium / zinc complex heat organic pigments stabilizer market is still unable to meet performance requirements . Lead salt heat stabilizer deadline can not be disabled , to some extent hindered the goal of a comprehensive ban on schedule to achieve the lead pollution of the environment still exist and are widening. Carry out the role of non-toxic compound heat stabilizer technology research and development , and to achieve large-scale domestic production , to ensure the sustainable development of economy, society, environment build harmonious relationship between man and nature , have very important .

WSD PVC stabilizer and many types of different combinations

PVC stabilizers, and many different types of combinations , generally can be divided according to the chemical composition of the lead salt , metal soaps ( such as stearic acid metal soaps, including barium, cadmium , calcium, lead and zinc soaps , etc. ) , organic tin epoxy esters and chelating agents ( such as phosphorous acid ) and the like. Currently, lead salt stabilizer is still the largest amount of a stabilizer . 1999 in North America , Western Europe, Japan, the consumption structure of heat stabilizers are listed in Table 1-1. Lead salt stabilizer total heat stabilizers PVC stabilizer in the share , with the countries and regions vary. 60,50 and 17% , accounting for the total heat stabilizers Western Europe, Japan and North America lead salt stabilizer. In these products , a product can be made into powder, granular, flake and pellets can melt and the like. " A package " is likely to exist between the additive type product synergies , thereby enhancing the stability of results, and eliminates the need for cumbersome calculation for each additive , easy to use and store the user , but also to reduce waste of resources and environmental pollution . Representative products in foreign markets have AKGros of Interlite series. Development of rare earth and composite metal soaps such as non-toxic stabilizer is one of the development trend of heat stabilizer industry internationally . 1999 in North America, Western Europeplastic processing aid and Japan, consumption of heat stabilizers were about 8, 16 and 70 thousand tons / a, a total of about 310,000 t / a, is expected to demand in 2004 in North America and Western Europe, heat stabilizers are 10 and 170,000 tons in 1999 to 2004 , the average growth rates of 4.2% and 1.0%. Japanese demand is maintained at about 70,000 tons . Lead salt heat stabilizer below the average growth rate of demand growth or negative growth trend, and composite ( especially toxic Ca / Zn) heat stabilizers demand growth higher than the average growth rate , the reason is that strict environmental regulations worldwide technology , national attention to the environment due to human survival . Due to the global limit toxic heavy metal salts used in PVC processing , product adjustment to accelerate the pace of new products , development of new formulations of very active.

Soap is a general term WSD PVC stabilizerfor a fatty acid salt

Soaps are salts of fatty acids in general. Formula RCOOM, wherein RCOO is a fatty acid radical , M is a metal ion . Fatty acid soap daily typically 10-18 carbon atoms , a metal mainly alkali metal such as PVC stabilizer sodium or potassium , and is also useful for some organic bases such as ammonia, ethanolamine , triethanolamine soap made ​​for special purposes . Broadly , grease, wax , rosin or fatty acids, fatty acid salts and alkalis from the saponification or neutralization reaction proceeds , and can be called a soap. Soap soluble in water, washing decontamination effect. There are all kinds of soap soap, also known as toilet soap, soap and composite metalPVC plasticizer soap . Other metal ( alkaline earth metal or heavy metal ) salts of fatty acids , insoluble or sparingly soluble in water , and no cleaning effects collectively referred to as metal soap as a lubricant. Complex soap is a mixture of soap and the right amount of lime soap dispersant made ​​resistant to hard water , soap scum washed, not born .

PVC stabilizer heat discoloration Comment

Ideal PVC structure is the first - the tail structure-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CHCl-, is quite stable. But so far the synthesis method can not be like PVC synthetic butadiene rubber as a catalyst in the role  WSD PVC flame retardant of Jigger be oriented so that there are rules cis-butadiene polymerization. All kinds of heat stabilizer heat discoloration Comment
 Thermal stabilizers should preferably absorb both HCL, to eliminate the active site, the addition of a conjugated polyene chain, carbenium salt damage, etc. to prevent auto-oxidation, which does not produce the product of the catalytic degradation of PVC. The actual heat stabilizers have different functions due to exhibit different thermal stability characteristics, can WSD Titanium dioxide rutile  be divided into early-type, long-term, intermediate-and versatile four. A) cadmium, zinc soap is typical of early-type heat stabilizers, can quickly absorb HCL, and effectively substituted with carboxylate PVC unstable chlorine atom in the catalytic chain Cd, Zn, thereby effectively suppressing early degradation and coloring , but because of the consumption of fast and transformation products CdC12, ZnC12, but also off the HCL efficient catalyst PVC, PVC and thus lead to the degradation of the material suddenly vicious black, so poor long-term thermal stability. 2) barium, calcium soaps are typically long-term thermal stabilizers, absorption HCL function only and therefore can not inhibit coloring PVC, but the conversion WSD one pack stabilizer  product BaC12, CaC12 do not have catalytic activity, does not cause a sudden black PVC, long-term heat stability better. 3) fatty acids, organic tin are intermediate, both absorption HCL, can effectively replace with carboxylate unstable chlorine atoms PVC chain, and transformation products do not have catalytic activity. 4) mercaptan organotin it has versatile features, while a variety of mechanisms can stabilize PVC, transformation products do not have catalytic activity, and therefore both excellent initial and long-term thermal stability effect.

Development of PVC stabilizer

 PVC water pipe product features a high-impact , high toughness and impact resistance compared with the same specifications of the ordinary PVC-U pipes, impact resistance increased significantly, to more effectively resist point loads and uneven ground subsidence . 2, anti- water hammer can effectively improve the ability to resist water hammer , to prevent WSD aluminium stearate  damage to the pipeline in the operation process . 3 , resistance to environmental cracking performance improvement , installation and effective against external shocks during transportation of the pipe. 4 , strong chemical resistance tubing with a strong chemical resistance and can be used with any applicable to ordinary PVC-U pipes occasions. 5 , the cost is lower than the PE pipe, and because the pipe wall thickness than the thin PVC-U , PVC-U and considerable cost , superior performance , has promotional value , there is instead of PVC-U, the development trend of PE pipe .
Because of high impact PVC water pipe system, the viscosity is large, high stability and workability requirements , most  WSD Metallic stearate manufacturers use imported organic tin stabilizers and calcium zinc stabilizers. Initial coloring and stability of organotin stabilizers better, but since most manufacturers also produce leaded pipes and tubes , mixing systems and broken material difficult to handle , and the ingredients, the smell is relatively large , limiting the use of organic tin ; the cost of imported calcium and zinc is relatively high, for the comprehensive promotion of high impact PVC water pipe disadvantage. Therefore, strengthening the development of high impact PVC water pipe into the domestic calcium zinc stabilizers calcium zinc stabilizers domestic industry important topics and tasks.
   Second, the real one , identify the major raw materials and formulations
 A, PVC resin using the K value 66-68 PVC powder , PVC-U pipes and resin used in the same B, titanium dioxide and color pigments adjusted according to the requirements of pipe , titanium dioxide rutile titanium dioxide to use in order to improve weatherability pipe sex . C, the modifier is optional rigid inorganic ultrafine inorganic rigid material , special WSD stearic acid  surface active agent, a dispersing agent processing , so that the inorganic material can be uniformly coated on the surface of the PVC molecules , when the external force , the inorganic particles and between the resin matrix to produce crazing , can absorb impact energy , and thus the choice of rigid inorganic modifiers to reduce costs , while improving the pipe rigidity and toughness , so as to achieve " just tough balance" ; but when inorganic modifier added to after a certain amount of impact resistance PVC water pipe and high impact resistant hydraulic performance will decline , D, calcium and zinc composite stabilizer is calcium stearate, zinc stearate as the main metal soaps , combined polyol , Β- diketones, phosphite antioxidants and other auxiliary stabilizer and lubricant made ​​of a class of complex optimization of non-toxic environmentally friendly stabilizer, has good early color and long-term thermal stability ; PVC material can be appropriately increased toughness ; efficient with internal lubricant and external lubricant esters , etc., while the adsorption of the stabilizer itself , the production process can reduce the precipitation of the growth cycle E, the impact modifier is a compound for the supply of high-impact PVC tube designed to improve the impact modifier preferably has a PVC material , which is made ​​of a rubber elastic body is a synergistic effect , predetermined elastomers, elastomers and non- promoting agents predetermined composition . Impact modifier different toughening mechanism is different, and the compatibility of PVC resin are different , so by promoting agent may be different between the elastomer fine particles isolated from each other , preventing agglomeration , to promote the dispersion of PVC matrix and compatibility uniformly dispersed in the resin matrix , promoting toughening effect.

Heat stabilizer is mainly used for PVC and other chlorinated polymers

PVC is mainly used for PVC heat stabilizers and other chlorinated

polymers. PVC has been found only in the plastic molding process to above

160 ℃, while it is in the 120 ~ 130 ℃ thermal decomposition begins,

releasing HCl gas, HCl is generated if it does not inhibit the

decomposition will further exacerbate this problem has been plagued The

main problem of development and application of PVC plastic.
The study found that if the amount of PVC-containing plastics, such as

lead salts, metal soaps, phenols, aromatic amines and other impurities,

which will not affect the processing and application, but also to some

extent, delaying the thermal decomposition effect. The above problem can

be solved, thus contributing to the establishment of research in the field

of heat stabilizers and continue to develop. PVC heat stabilizer is

polyvinyl chloride (PVC) processing essential additives. With concern for

human health and ecological environment growing, countries have

promulgated a series of laws and decrees, and take various measures to

limit the use of heavy metal heat stabilizers containing lead, cadmium and

other. Outside the industry generally believe, PVC heat stabilizers

environmental protection has become the development trend will not be

reversed. In recent years, the process of environmental protection PVC

heat stabilizers, instead of the traditional WSD Plastic impact modifier  lead, cadmium heat

stabilizer, research and development of non-toxic, non-polluting, complex,

and efficient heat stabilizers has been more widely appreciated, its

synthesis and applied research made a lot of  WSD stearic acid new progress.
With the implementation of the people's awareness of environmental

protection regulations and decrees, PVC heat stabilizers to be non-toxic

and environmentally friendly direction of the trend. Our heat stabilizer

industry should conform to this trend and accelerate the pace of

structural adjustment, increase calcium zinc stabilizers, organic

stabilizer environmental products research and WSD Metallic stearate  development efforts,

emphasis on research auxiliary heat stabilizers and heat stabilizers

complex system, and promote China environmental process PVC heat

stabilizers.

Some excellent performance of one pack stabilizer

Multiple selection is based rare earth oxides and rare earth chlorides , oxides and chlorides mostly single one or a mixture of lanthanum, cerium , praseodymium, neodymium and other light rare earths.
  Rare earth elements have similar chemical properties and abnormal active , with many tracks can be accepted as a central ion ligand lone pair of electrons, while the rare earth metal ion has a larger ion radius , with inorganic or organic ligands primarily by electrostatic attraction forming ions bond , as the central atom complex , often d2SP3, d4dP3, f3d5Ssp3 other hybrid forms form complexes with a median of 6-12 .
  REE excellent mechanical properties and their grouping principles are concerned with the geometric properties of rare  WSD Metallic stearate earth elements . Because the radius of the atoms and ions are important factors that determine the configuration , hardness , density and physical properties such as melting point of the crystals at room temperature , atmospheric conditions , rare earth metal lanthanum, praseodymium , neodymium, double- hexagonal crystal structure, and the cubic cerium crystal density ( centroid ) structure, when the temperature and pressure changes , the majority of the rare earth metal transition of crystal . Because lanthanide contraction lanthanide atomic radius , atomic volume decreases with increasing atomic number , the density increases with the atomic number , compared with lanthanum , cerium , praseodymium , neodymium , abnormal phenomenon .
  Lanthanum , cerium, praseodymium , neodymium , lanthanum is the most chemically active , but only trivalent lanthanum C1 RECl being generated complex and this complex is unstable , and WSD Chlorinated paraffin  cerium , praseodymium these expensive rare earth ions the ability to form complexes with Cl stronger than the trivalent lanthanum , they form a stable complex ions and negative Cl ligands , therefore , in the selection of rare earth thermal stabilizer to comprehensive lanthanum, cerium , praseodymium, neodymium respective advantages in different applications , one with its high-purity single , hybrid , or a reasonable match.

  The rare earth ion is typically hard cations, i.e. ions easily deformed polarization , which base is equipped with hard metal atoms , such as oxygen strong complexing ability . The rare earth compound of CaC03 coupling effect due to the presence of the chain between the rare earth ions and chloride ions in the strong PVC ligand interactions conducive transmit shear force so that the rare earth compounds can effectively accelerate the gelation of PVC , can be promote PVC plasticizers , processing aids, but also play a role in the ACR . Meanwhile, the rare earth metal ions and ligands CPE in C1 , can play its role more CPE toughening modification . The adequacy of these performance play balance or not, and in the rare earth complex compound additive has a significant relationship , complex lubrication system , processing the modified system is crucial , so complex process of good bad a direct impact on the performance of multi-functional complexes of rare earth stabilizer . Excellent performance rare earth stabilizer should have the following features:
  ( 1 ) excellent thermal stability
  Static and dynamic thermal stability, both tin  WSD Polyethylene wax and Beijing 8831 is quite good in the lead salts and metallic soaps , four times three times and lead salts Ba / Zn composite stabilizer. Complex can become toxic, transparent, and may partially replace the organotin stabilizers are widely used. Mechanism for the capture of rare earth stabilizer HCl and allyl chloride atom replaced with an auxiliary stabilizer epoxy has good synergy.

  ( 2 ) coupling effect
  Coupled with excellent effect , compared with the lead salt , good compatibility with PVC role for the PVC-CaCO, system coupling effect is better, help to improve the PVC plastic door and window profile strength. Weld strength rare earth stabilizer processing PVC profiles PVC profiles weld strength than lead salt stabilizer to high raw material prices are also higher.