Additive effect pigments and Performance Overview Introduction

The amount of additive is generally between 0.1 to 2.0%, by adding the pigment used to improve various properties of the pigment, such as to adjust the viscosity, anti-settling crust, accelerate the drying, anti-dehydration, defoaming defoaming improve thixotropy, Anti blurs, eliminating caking, antibacterial and antifungal, improved flow and leveling, adjusting gloss, improved stability, improved brush, improve hiding power and so on. Plasticizer for PVC
Thixotropic paints with agitation and the next still carried in gel - liquid - gel nature of the process. Coating at rest is usually solid or gel form, but becomes agitated good mobility of the material, this situation does not drip through the coating to the show. Gelatinous coating formed on the brush, the brush will not flow or drip down, brushing becomes liquid when can a good flat brush, brush formed on the surface after construction gel, to prevent sagging or falling blocks. Increased sediment and expansive agent material, you can change the pigment in the binder dissolution characteristics, giving the viscous flow properties, such as bentonite, specialty of Que-like compounds, amines soap.
To said paint, enamel paint or solid form after aging capacity, in fact, is the dispersion of solids in a liquid case, although the nature of a solid, but still maintain a substantial amount of liquid. The reason why the phenomenon of gel or liver, and the base material because the reaction of the pigment, such as basic pigments (zinc oxide, white lead and red lead) in an acidic binder grinding. Oxidized rubber paint cans hidden in the formation of colloidal sometimes, you can add a small amount of chlorine propylene oxide additives to prevent this situation from occurring. PVC impact modifier
Eliminate most of the generated block lumps or agglomeration (flocculation) of the agent over polymeric material is a liquid, tends to reduce the wettability of the base material, to a certain extent cause the precipitation of the pigment from the dispersed phase. In the manufacture of paint, if the viscosity is too low, you can add some oil over polymerization.

Pearlescent pigment in a variety of different printing methods Application

Pearlescent pigment in printing inks not only produces pearl effect while maintaining the original colors, and can bring a variety of effects and iridescent sheen metallic luster effect. Pearlescent pigments have been widely used in the printing industry, commonly used in a variety of wrapping paper, magazines, posters, textiles and other items printed. Metal soap
Pearlescent pigments have excellent dispersion force, generally only a slight stir mixed with low viscosity printing inks. As pearlescent pigments are layered, so only slightly when mixed with the ink mixing, avoid rude mechanical treatment, in order to avoid damage to the surface of pearl powder. Typically, the pearlescent pigment in printing ink production process of adding the last one. Use dispersing machines and high-speed mixer, a batch of products must be consistent with the shortest mixing time, it can avoid the color difference between product batches. Had to use a three-roll mill in the case of large roll gap adjustment possible, and in the shortest possible time to complete the mixing, so as not to affect the gloss pigment structural damage. Binders make use transparent material, avoid the use of opaque and additive effects of scattered light pearl effect. organic pigments
Judgment containing pearlescent pigment inks, overprint varnishes and coating effectiveness, on the substrate by the pigment distribution is uniform, depending only pigments are arranged in parallel with the substrate surface was the best. Suitable substrates can avoid the adverse effects of the printing effect, with a smooth, flat surface of substrates can arrange smooth gloss paint works best. In addition, plate, mesh lines between the pigment particle size, the optimum viscosity of the ink, the printing speed, drying conditions to avoid flocculation of the pigment ink dispersion, also very important. Pearlescent pigments scratch resistant, insulation, good acid and alkali.

Selection Pearlescent Pigments Inks Precautions

Pearlescent printing is screen printing to printing and security printing in the packaging of the more popular new print available, it is mainly used pearl ink pearl luster pearl ink is ink when printed pattern to change the angle, the ink color will change, thereby identify the authenticity. Pearlescent printing printing process is consistent with the traditional printing process, the key lies in the preparation of special light ink, which generally consists of binders, thickeners, pearlescent pigments, solvents, additives and other components. In the deployment of pearl ink, pearlescent pigment passive light flash effect is that the light conditions in order to show its flash effect. To take full advantage of this feature pearlescent material flutter, in the selection of Pearlescent Pigments inks, pay attention to grasp the following three relationships: PVC lubricant
Extravagant piece pearl diameter size and material relationship between the flash effect used in packaging printing pearlescent pigments are flaky, usually slice Trail walking distance between the flash source is also large, the flash effect will be scattered; Conversely, tablets diameter is small, the flash source spacing is small, the flash effect on the concentration of
Diameter of the pearlescent pigment chip size and the relationship between the intensity of the flash pearl pigment sheet larger diameter, the surface of the light by the multiple reflection, refraction more chance, the stronger the intensity of the flash; the contrary, the weak intensity of the flash
Pearlescent pigment flakes diameter size and cohesion resistance and the compound of the suspension link between settling. Special light PVC plasticizer is usually smaller chip size, the easier cohesion, the aspect ratio of the smaller particles, resulting in the compound also prone to subsidence link, or easily in suspension.
In order to make the pigment compound evenly on the link #-O-, must master the three based on the relationship. The density of material according to the link select the appropriate size and aspect ratio sheet pearlescent pigment ink formulation, a thickening agent can also be added to prevent the deposition of pearlescent pigments; or pre-wetting the pearlescent pigment dispersed in the link and then compound , which also could have been avoided particles agglomerate agglomerate ills of settlement

Water-based and solvent-based inks required for preparation of nano-pigments

In recent years, pigment-based ink jet technology acclaimed, primarily due to pigments and dyes generally performed better compared to water and light fastness. The current inkjet market, ink manufacturers and producers are increasingly demanding filling ink pigment pastes, including preparation, including a simple solution. Just added to the formulation of several of these additives and the "magic ingredient" ink jet printing can be made to meet the stringent requirements of high-performance ink jet printing. The following will explore both aqueous and solvent inks require fine pigment preparation.
Aqueous inkjet ink must elect one kind of match with the desired color hue pigments. The water, dispersing agent and other additives such as pigment powder or wet cake was added after the mixing of the homogenized material and wet the pigment surface. Then the aggregates and agglomerates of the pigment particles are composed of a bead mill, a microfluidizer, or other suitable dispersing manner to that of primary particles. Because the space between the molecules and the dispersion or electrostatic repulsion, native particles become very stable. The resulting pigment slurry was filtered, and by addition of water, a co-solvent (wetting agent), and other ingredients such as antimicrobial agents, chelating dilution. It must be emphasized, used in the first step of the pigment dispersed pigment channel technology influence. Metal soap
Chemical properties of the dye characteristics are affected primarily by impact modifier , and pigment properties are mainly affected by the chemical and physical parameters. Therefore, in addition to explore new dispersants and other optimization dispersion to prepare a pigment physical properties such as particle size distribution, surface charge and polarity, structure, especially the purity of modern inkjet printing technology is to obtain the pigment preparation of the desired key. Final preparation and properties required for the ink such as transparency, color, viscosity, storage stability and the print head without friction and so can be optimized to achieve the effect. Water-based ink is mainly used for office, for inkjet printing is also appealing. 

Special luster pigment in the packaging and printing application

For many users, printing, special gloss paint is a relatively unfamiliar generous concept, but if you talk about pearlescent pigments and pearlescent effect, printing industry could much more familiar, such as Merck series. Traditional "pearlescent pigments" is, semantically very limited, easy to mistakenly believe that the effect of such pigments are like pearls: white, translucent, shiny pastel. In actual fact, even if the series also has a variety of changes, such as the S-Class (10 ~ 100μm) of the pigment particles is relatively thick, soft texture and luster of pearls is completely different. Such as 300 and 500 of the cases of iron oxide pigments, the performance of the pearl has no metallic luster. PVC processing aid
Therefore, this type of layered structure to refraction / interference principle to the performance of products with a gloss "special luster pigments" to describe more accurately or more representative. Currently in the field of domestic packaging, special luster pigment used more and more common, not only in the unique gloss effect, but also because easy to use, flexible and more economic environment. For most high-end consumer goods packaging, such as cigarettes, alcohol, sweets and cosmetics, using this decorative way more reasonable.
. one pack stabilizer
Sheet-fed gravure printing processes customary multiple users use the method of intaglio printing, and the reason is that the pigment particle size is relatively large, and require large ink transfer method to be able to put a certain amount of pigment transferred to the packaging material, so that the printing to achieve the desired gloss. However, co-production of the paper, the traditional gravure high cost of its two main reasons: First, the high cost of the plate cylinder production; Second, large rolls for the paper waste. On the other hand packaging customers and increasing cost pressures, and the packaging styles change rapidly, the short version of the job more and more. Such printing companies will have to use alternative methods, such as sheetfed gravure is an effective solution.

Pigment ink and dye ink and optional performance comparison

I do not know is because the manufacturers of publicity or because pigment ink dye ink expensive than reason, many users in the choice of their precious ink and ink cartridges that they will think that the dye ink pigment ink than good. In fact, pigment ink and dye ink each have their own strengths, and can not say who is better than anyone else, but for users who use the cartridge nozzle, add dye ink is a more appropriate choice. impact modifier
Pigment inks are composed of molecules aggregate than its minimum unit of larger molecular diameter of the dye ink, ranging from 50 to 200 nm, usually in the form of an opaque liquid. Pigment ink right image point, which is powdered ink, of course, this is just kind of image of the statement, and not accurate enough. Be precise to say that it is the solid pigment grind into very small particles, in particular water soluble solvent is called a half solution or a suspension solution, with the nature of our pigment dyeing the same clothes. With dye-based inks penetrate into the media re-formation of color theory exactly the opposite, it is through the color material attached to the medium (such as copy paper or printing paper) to the surface of hair color. Thus, under the influence of the outside of the first etching only damage the molecular structure of the outermost layer, which the structure is not easily destroyed, the outer layer is damaged after molecules, fading and other phenomena will appear. For color printing, due to the outer polymeric pigment ink, it does not make good performance of color and vividness of color, even in the light printing on a flat surface such as paper can not be printed glossy images, which is why general use pigment ink print out the reason things are not shiny. PVC lubricant
Dye ink dye ink is fully dissolved molecular ink, usually 1 to 2 nanometers in diameter, Dan Chun supplies INKOOL leading technology brands of carbon ink is more in diameter and close to zero; This ink was complete complex solution, blocking Garra The probability is very small, easy to be absorbed by the material after printing, and print on paper in smooth, light radiation performance is very good, so the capacity is relatively strong color reproduction, print out the picture colorful, but cost and low cost; However, unlike the dye ink Pigment ink as a protective surface layer of the polymer, so harsh conditions, the molecules easily decomposed, resulting in discoloration.

Solvent-based pigment ink characteristics and their use

In today's new generation of colorful ink, so that people really feel the microelectronic technology has created a true representation of beauty, outdoor advertising people feel huge in progress throughout society: from apes to humans in order to create these as real now a huge screen ah. Can even say that without these, how explain social progress and human evolution? In the multi-level marketing confused intricate patterns analyzed, the rise of the advertising industry, inkjet printers inkjet printer with its strong performance, broad application prospects, as well as in relation to other media more cheaply, more convenient, and efficient production process, etc. advantages, increasingly favored by the advertising industry, is now widely used in posters, light boxes, exhibition stands and other fields. Plastic impact modifier
Printing industry from domestic to imported foreign inkjet printers inkjet printer, but its high price prohibitive for many advertising companies. But with the development of the domestic advertising industry and domestic brand competition, imported brands inkjet printers inkjet printer then gradually lowered prices for the majority of customers to accept. However, commonly used internationally pigment ink (pigment ink, water-based and solvent-divided), while many domestic advertising printing company because of cost considerations are using dye ink (dye ink). With the advertising industry and international standards, and the pursuit of higher quality advertisers advertising works, pigment ink will become the industry trend. PVC lubricant
Physical Performance Comparison: Solvent based pigment ink overcome photochemical activity of the dye, the pigment can be understood as a dye precipitate or similar inert material sand. Its leg color and change is extremely slow, outdoors can be maintained for a long time does not fade. Technological aspects: Dye ink in outdoor light irradiation will quickly fade, only suitable for indoor use, and does not scratch-proof. The use of solvent-based pigment ink, you can have three years without lamination weather force, can save the trouble gluing and coating manufacturing processes, where can achieve short delivery. Investment costs, the use of solvent-based paints do not need film processing machinery and materials, and without special coating printed materials, direct printing, direct use, you can achieve lower costs.
Printing efficiency, combined solvent printer using the new print head, the printer performance greatly improved. Domestic product in the outdoor pigment ink used when printing, and pigment ink suitable indoor and outdoor use, and in line with international trends advertising and printing, and continuous improvement in the product itself, to stimulate domestic enterprises solvent-based pigment ink study.

The concept of classification and extender pigment production process

Pigment, usually referred to as fillers, from becoming important in this century, they include many compounds derived from nature, directly manufactured or obtained as a byproduct. These substances are mainly barium, calcium, magnesium, or aluminum salts, oxides of silicon or aluminum, or from the front two complexing substances derived double salts, in coatings, inks, linoleum, plastic materials, paper and paper coating , linoleum, putty, buffing and scrubbing materials, rubber products, cement, plastics, ceramics and other fields have a wide range of uses. Their usefulness and are close to white opaque pigment, extender pigment and the type and quantity of the use of the traditional industry development will have a closer. These pigments have two continuity: a refractive index lower than 1.75 (typically 1.45 to 1.70), the color is white or nearly white. Other properties of the pigment a wide range, such as the relative density and capacity values, particle shape, particle size, particle size distribution, oil absorption, chemical activity and so on. inganic pigments
Since 1930, with the development of production technology, extender pigments in color, uniformity, particle size, particle size distribution, surface treatment, etc. There are a lot of improvements. Pigment was first obtained from the nature, and the present by another chemical process byproducts resulting pigment gradually increased, many of which require specialized pigment production. The pigment used with calcium carbonate, magnesium silicate, aluminum silicate, calcium sulfate, crystalline silica, diatomaceous earth, barium sulfate.
Calcium carbonate is mainly obtained from limestone, or as a byproduct of some manufacturing processes, or directly on the lime slurry with carbon dioxide reaction. Natural calcium carbonate can be manufactured by a dry milling method or wet milling. Dry grinding dry grinding method good product through the air separator separating oversize particles return regrinding. Using the wet method can produce finer, more vivid, screening a better grade. Limestone in the presence of water under the conditions of grinding, the use of conical or tubular grinder mill products continuous release, centrifuge separation, oversize particles and feed back with regrinding. Another important advantage of the wet milling is the flotation by further improved product color and chemical purity. plastic processing aid

No hierarchy of the various processing methods and effect pigments Application

Optical properties of only one homogeneous material lamellae; having a layered structure and represented by two or more optical properties of the layered material composition different lamellae (film - metal structure of the pigment or non-multi-layer substrate pigment). No pigment layer structure is known metal effect pigments, such as aluminum or copper, crystal - zinc lamellae. Also a transparent effect pigments, such as BiOCl scaly crystal and polycrystalline TiO2 pigment also belong to this category. These scales are generally very thin metallic which can produce some interference colors. Lamellae with a substrate scales, this kind of non-metallic flake mechanical stability is low. plastic processing aid
Only a few species known to be crystalline or thin scaly substance, and its size and thickness suitable for production of the effect pigment. This form can not be crystallized substances, only in the thin lamellae on the support after treatment in order to become effect pigments, such supporting substrate or template called lamellae, on which the desired substance can be deposited. One of the most well-known example is the pearlescent pigments, ie natural or synthetic mica on mica platelets coated with a thin layer of TiO2 and Fe2O3. Transparent substrates can be easily and pigments absorb light pigment or even thicker coating layer with metal effect pigments. The advantage of the metal effect pigments in the actual application system with a strong hiding power. Transparent pearlescent pigment and opacity of the mixture of metallic pigments used in automotive coatings. If used as outdoor use, such as exterior automotive coatings and architectural coatings, surface treatment agent may be added to improve the weathering resistance of many effect pigments. pigments
Metallic effect pigments of the most important effects of non-film structure is undoubtedly the metallic effect pigments pigments. This pigment is made of aluminum, copper, copper - zinc alloy, zinc or other metals constituting scales or flakes. This effect is a metal pigment particle surface is formed on the light reflection phenomenon. When the edges and corners particle light scattering part of the increase, the effect will be seen in reduced gloss. Larger particle reflecting layer is better to produce a higher brightness and luster.

Pearlescent pigments application problems

Pearlescent pigments have been in the packaging, printing, publishing industry, gaining a wide range of applications, from cosmetics, cigarette, alcohol, gift packaging, to business cards, greeting cards, calendars, books covers, to pictorial printing, textile printing, pearl pigment presence everywhere. The rapid development of pearlescent pigments have been in the packaging, printing, publishing industry and the increasingly wide applications, from cosmetics, cigarette, alcohol, gift packaging, to business cards, greeting cards, calendars, books covers, to pictorial printing, textiles printing, pearlescent pigment shadow everywhere. Especially pearl film for food packaging, and its increasing market demand, such as ice cream, soft drinks, cookies, candy, napkins packaging and other fields, the use of pearl film after pleasing to consumers feeling. Plasticizer for PVC
Pearlescent pigments in various fields to promote Difficult though the demand for pearlescent pigments are very large, but in marketing, pearlescent pigments but still encounter some resistance. First, currently on the market several types of pearlescent pigments (titanium dioxide coated mica pearlescent pigment) production process is very complex, process requires high precision and equipment, making high manufacturing costs, limiting the wide application of these pigments. If a lot of paint and ink factory paint manufacturers have been very interested in for this, but in practice their applications are discouraged because of the exorbitant prices. Therefore, to reduce production costs and achieve large-scale production is a crucial step to expand the market. Metallic stearate
Pearlescent pigment applied research is still in a very weak link, the current pearlescent pigment in paints, plastics, printing inks, leather, construction materials, cosmetics, paper, packaging materials, textile printing and dyeing application of technology research and development has just begun , because most people in this new decorative paint little is known about the characteristics, coupled with application technology lag, low level of technology, decorative effect is poor, limiting the application and promotion of pearlescent pigments. This can be used for many types of pigments that are decorated to enhance value-added products, losing an excellent competitive opportunities. But for the pursuit of pearlescent pigments, it has not stopped, because people clearly understand a truth: an application of technological breakthroughs tend to promote an industry upgrading of products, will give an industry incalculable economic benefits.

Anaerobic adhesive composition

Anaerobic adhesive is a polymerization initiator and co-balanced system. Dang the metal surface, in the case of absence of air lost inhibitor effect of oxygen, the metal then leaving from the polymerization of promoting strong adhesion. Anaerobic methacrylic acid diester with modified resin as the main body, initiator, accelerator, inhibitor agents, thickeners, dyes and other components.
Oligomers and monomers include monomers reactive diluent, a variety of structures, different functionalities and different relative molecular mass of (meth) acrylic acid derivatives, including acrylic acid or methacrylic acid diester or some special acrylates such as methyl acrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate. It is the main component anaerobic, anaerobic curing characteristics give it the adhesive strength and durability. In anaerobic monomers commonly used in various relative molecular mass of more than diethylene glycol dimethacrylate, ethyl methacrylate or hydroxy propyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate and polyol small relative molecular mass of the urethane acrylate. Acrylic acid diester which is the main component of anaerobic adhesives. Formula, R1 represents H or CH3; R2 represents a polyhydric alcohol or diol and glycidyl derivatives, unsaturated polyester, epoxy and polyurethane. organic pigments
Since these monomers containing two or more double bonds can participate in the polymerization reaction, it can be used as a main component anaerobic. In order to improve the performance of anaerobic, may also be added to increase the adhesive strength number and changing the prepolymer viscosity thickener. Literature shows anaerobic acrylate monomers generally account for over 90% of the total ratio. Initiator amount of about 1% to 5%, depending on performance requirements. Anaerobic most commonly used initiators are cumene hydroperoxide, adding an amount of about 5%. PVC stabilizer
Initiator initiator is another important component of anaerobic, anaerobic in the absence of air, the initiator generates free radicals initiate the polymerization, if not the initiator, curing anaerobic adhesive is not possible. Commonly used initiators are cumyl peroxide, t-butyl peroxide benzoate, t-butyl peroxide, 2,5-methyl 2,5-hexane, hydrogen peroxide, which used have most is cumene hydroperoxide, the amount of mass of the monomer is usually 1% to 5% slow initiator used is too small, too much will affect the amount of the storage period. Another amount of saccharin with a tertiary amine such as a reducing agent in order to promote the decomposition of peroxides.
Accelerator is to initiate the polymerization initiator to accelerate the curing time, which does not affect the shelf life and adhesion strength anaerobic the added substance that is r accelerator accelerator Many different types, nitrogen-containing compounds, sulfur compounds, and transition metal compounds, nitrogen-containing compound which is most commonly used organic amines. Organic sulfonyl hydrazide derivatives of hydrazine can also be used accelerators.

For PVC impact modifier detailed description

PVC impact modifier also can be seen as a plasticizer ----- As also played plasticizing role do technology should not be too rigid. Lot of stuff can all be flexible and mobile. Metallic stearate
Excessive type impact modifier, between the structure between the two structures, such as ABS. PVC resin for specific varieties are: chlorinated polyethylene (CPE) is the use of HDPE in the water phase of the powdery product by suspension chlorination, so as to increase the degree of chlorination of HDPE original crystals become amorphous elastic body. Used as a toughening agent C? E, containing 25-45% amount is generally C1. CPE wide source of low price, in addition to a toughening effect, but also resistant to cold resistance, weather resistance, flame resistance, and chemical resistance. At present in China is dominated by CPE impact modifiers, especially in the production of PVC pipes and profiles, most plants use CPE. Added amount is generally 5-15 copies. CPE can be used in conjunction with other plasticizer, such as rubber, EVA, the effect is better, but even in aging rubber additives. PVC flame retardant
ACR is methyl methacrylate, acrylate monomers, ACR is best developed in recent years, impact modifiers, which can increase the impact strength of the material several times. ACR core-shell structure is an impact modifier, methyl methacrylate - ethyl acrylate composition of the shell polymer, crosslinked acrylic or butyl rubber elastic body is formed as the core of the particle distribution of the inner segment. Particularly suitable for outdoor use PVC plastic products, impact-modified PVC plastic window profiles used in the ACR as impact modifiers and other modifiers processing performance compared with the smooth surface, good aging resistance, high strength welding angle characteristics, but the price CPE, High 1/3. Common foreign brands such as K-355, the general amount 6-10 copies. The current domestic production of the manufacturers ACR impact modifier fewer manufacturers use less.
MBS is a methyl methacrylate, butadiene and styrene copolymer of the monomers. MBS between the solubility parameter of 94-9.5, with PVC solubility parameter close, so when the good compatibility with PVC, its most important feature: added later can be made transparent PVC products. Generally added in PVC 10-17 parts of PVC can be 6-15 times the impact strength increased, but the MBS add greater than 30 parts, PVC impact strength decreased. MBS itself has a good impact resistance, good transparency, light transmission rate of 90%, and to improve the impact resistance while other properties of the resin, such as tensile strength, elongation at break little effect. MBS higher prices, often with other impact modifiers, such as EAV, CPE, SBS, etc. and use. MBS poor heat resistance, weather resistance, not suitable for long-term outdoor use made products, generally do not do plastic doors and windows profile production impact modifiers.

Plastics and plasticizers related knowledge

Winter, outdoors, plastic raincoat like cardboard, plastic soles as hard Bang Bang ring. Why is cold hard plastic, when the heat tweed? Plastics are polymers. It consists of thousands of small molecules to one another, "hand in hand" to join together to form molecules "chain." Drops on the metal chain in oil, the chain between the freedom of movement. Between macromolecular chains in the plastic, you can not add oil, but adding "plasticizer" In the future, it becomes soft and hard plastic together. Plastic raincoats, sheets plasticizer plus much more, you can freely folded, crumpled: plastic sandals in the plasticizer less, though soft, but not folded: Some hard plastic tube plasticizer even less, only baked on the fire to soften, bend. plastic flame retardant
Plastic soft with hard, to see the added plasticizers are mostly less. However, the conventional oil as plasticizer and fried Levin, together with the temperature drop becomes thick, lubricating ability getting smaller and smaller. Plastic macromolecular chains in the "oil" are freezing, and naturally become stiff plastic friends. Therefore, the use of plastic cold regions and tropical use plastic products, in the variety and proportion of plasticizer, is not the same. Plastic products with a long time, through wind, sun, rain, and the volatile plasticizer, will harden brittle hair, which is called the plastic of the "aging." Metal soap
So, plastic raincoat when not, to wipe clean, folded and put a plastic bag to save. Generally polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene and other plastic products toxic and can not be used to serve food. Milk bottle, cup, water bottle and food bags are made of polyethylene. The chemical composition of polyethylene and candle oil almost no toxicity, no added plasticizers, we can safely use. Polyethylene plastic is not difficult to identify. It looks like a wax, close to the flame fusion, soft, divergence of the candle burning oil odor, other plastics, such as polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, glass, although the same and polyethylene, heat will melt, soften , but the burning smell different Shique.
Plastic shoes, plastic basin, plastic raincoat, PVC artificial leather, etc. is done, toothbrush, soap dish is made of polystyrene, triangle, semicircle instrument, card, button plexiglass do, plus do utensils with polyethylene, these types of plastic are heated to soften, cold hardening, called "thermoplastic" plastics.

Cigarette filter rod used in the development of new plasticizer

Typically, cigarette filter rod filter media are generally used Acetate, in their process, the adhesive must be added to the amount of plasticizer, the bulky, soft fiber surface by adhesive bonding effect dissolution of the plasticizer, formed to have an appropriate hardness round filter rod. This ensures that the cigarette filter rod connection processing and pumping process is not distorted, wrinkled, deformation, so that the filter rod right ingredients harmful flue gas adsorption better retention effect. Today, for cigarette filter rod forming filter media --- Acetate adhesive plasticizer, typically triacetin. However, due to glycerol in other industries' consumption is large, resulting in the cigarette industry's need for glycerol are often in short supply, even be able to buy, the price is higher. PVC plasticizer
In addition, the secondary hydroxyl group of glycerol esterified difficult, and it is a single ester, diethyl ester is very hygroscopic, which reduces the adhesion of its plasticizing effect. To avoid this situation would have extended reaction period, which also reduces the production efficiency of the adhesive plasticizer, limiting its production [1]. Therefore, it is urgently needed in the cigarette industry has developed an alternative to a new type of adhesive triacetin plasticizer. Reported in the literature, diethylene glycol acetate can be used as a substitute, when using concentrated H2SO4 as catalyst to synthesize it, the yield up to 85% -90% [1]. However, considering the use of sulfuric acid as a catalyst will cause serious waste pollution and serious corrosion of equipment, post-processing to be repeated, washed, the production cycle is longer, need more than 6h per esterification reactor, higher production costs.
Therefore, we try to use the catalyst synthesis of zirconium sulfate, diethylene glycol acetate. Experimental results show that with 3% (of diethylene glycol and glacial acetic acid by weight of the total mass percentage) (hereinafter the same) of zirconium sulfate as a catalyst, with 30% of benzene as solvent, and the reaction time was 4h, inputs of diethylene glycol and glacial acetic acid molar ratio of 1:3, by azeotropic water separation process can be synthesized and reported in the literature have considerable yield and product quality diethylene glycol acetate, and zirconium sulfate as the catalyst can be reused. Impact modifier for PVC

Environmentally friendly PVC plasticizers Research

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) applied mainly plasticizers phthalates, accounting for the amount of the plasticizer is about 80%. Phthalate plasticizers have good elastic properties of plasticized products, outstanding durability, especially in soft PVC products (soft leather, toys, etc.) fields in the past few decades has been widely used. In recent years, people with health concerns and the traditional PVC phthalate plasticizers conduct research found that phthalate plasticizers may produce toxic effects on the human body, and even cancer, especially for infants and growth and development of children greater impact.
People are increasingly considering the development of renewable resources as raw materials, green, environment-friendly plasticizer. Many different types of environmentally friendly plasticizer, plasticizer considering performance and price factors, the current study more, broader application of environment-friendly plasticizers are two major categories: Epoxy oils and tributyl citrate category . PVC flame retardant
Epoxy oil plasticizer; epoxy oils are vegetable oils as a raw material, wide variety of sources, low price, more research conducted in recent years. China is a large agricultural country, rich in vegetable oil products, epoxy vegetable oil as a plasticizer also solve the deep processing of agricultural products and value-added. impact modifier
Epoxy plasticizer oils can be soybean oil, sunflower oil, linseed oil, castor oil and other vegetable oils obtained by epoxidation. Especially epoxidized soybean oil (ESO), the development and application of the earlier domestic an epoxy plasticizer in plastics, paints industry, new polymer materials, rubber and other industrial areas have widely used in recent years production continued to grow. ESO compatibility with PVC, low volatility, small relocation of PVC plasticizers and stabilizers, has good thermal stability and light stability. Non-toxic epoxy soybean oil, can be used as food, medicine packaging materials, toys and home decoration materials, additives. Epoxy plasticizer oil research in recent years, and gradually developed into a research hotspot. Its production of vegetable oil feedstock ethylene production methods are the focus of research.

Plasticizer in the application of porcelain blanks Analysis

Foreword and other ceramic products, porcelain products make the edge of the child because of its structure and the different processes, the plasticity of the blank can be demanding. With the porcelain industry in China's rapid development, the industry has been in use for high plasticity clay increasingly scarce raw materials, however, the development of power transmission, the insulation of electrical porcelain child's increasingly high performance requirements, the product structure is more complex, its molding process process on the blank plasticity of clay materials are increasingly high requirements, relying on the clay materials can not meet the manufacturing process on the blank plasticity request. Therefore, finding a high plasticity clay in the case of declining raw material increased plasticity method blank porcelain workers has become an urgent task. Dextrin used in the ceramic blank, CMC, PVA and other adhesives can increase the plasticity of mud body strength and progress, but there is an effective role in a short time, there will be some left after burning residual ash or pores, affecting porcelain electrical properties and mechanical properties of materials defects. Since 1994, the author on how to progress a lot plasticity blank test, the ultimate porcelain blank by adding plasticizers 1303, the plasticity of the blank has been progress, product inspection pass rate also billet rise. In this paper, the effect of this blank plasticizers and its application for the first volume. impact modifier
Plasticizers exist between clay particles due to their van der Waals, electrostatic attraction and local edge side of the capillary force of suction and plasticity. This capillary force turned around three forces, mainly in the plastic range of the water content, the heap together form a water film on the particle surface, the surface tension of the water under the action firmly attracted to the sludge material has good plasticity. The external force, the dislocation between layers of clay particles, until the water film breaks, cracked mud when the size of the external force can be expressed mud plasticity merits. By a layer of bentonite (SiO4) tetrahedron layers (AlO8) octahedra, has a strong affinity for water, water resulting from the expansion, damage to the structure layers, the particles are dispersed into very fine particles, which has a strong plasticity. However, the water absorption capacity of bentonite is too strong pressure filter and the ceramic body was dried slurry difficulties during sintering because the decomposition of salts tend to produce more gas to sintering tends to produce defects, also contain higher amounts of alkali metal ions such Na2O deterioration of the electrical properties of ceramic materials will, therefore, the use of the ceramic body is not too large. plasticizer
 1303 plasticizer is through the bentonite washing, grinding and other processing step process makes the clay particles are more refined, and admixtures added in two steps, first, to replace part of Na + Ca2 +, increases the binding of clay particles water, using the ratio of Ca-Na-clay high clay bound water, the second is the combination of water fully aligned. Through deep processing of bentonite, clay particles fully destroy the structure and changing clay interlayer cations adsorbed species in the plasticity of the clay water under pressure can develop within a larger amount of water released to form a continuous film of water to make mud with higher yield value, and further progress in the plasticity of bentonite. With about 1% of a plasticizer can achieve with 3% bentonite plasticizing effect.

Preparation of inorganic flame retardant plastic and progress presentation

Flame retardant polymer materials for fire-retardant treatment, combustion of materials can prevent or delay the spread of fire. According to chemical composition, flame retardants can be divided into inorganic and organic flame retardants. Currently, the general price highest halogen-containing flame retardants, but its flame-retardant, high efficiency, with less, such as brominated flame retardants generally only fill 18% to 20% [1]. Inorganic hydrates least expensive, but less than the polymer material of absorbing heat of the combustion heat, in order to achieve the desired flame retardant effect, there must be a large amount of filler. There are reports that the most cost effective flame retardants are halogen-containing flame retardants and Mg (OH) 2 inorganic hydroxide flame retardants. Halogen-containing flame burning often emit toxic or corrosive gases, there are certain risks. Inorganic flame retardants include antimony, aluminum, phosphorous, boron and so on. The biggest advantage of inorganic flame retardant and low toxicity, low smoke or smoke suppression, low corrosion, and low prices. At present, many domestic and foreign research and application of new inorganic flame retardants, mainly magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide and antimony pentoxide, etc., especially magnesium hydroxide is most important. flame retardant
Magnesium hydroxide and method in the early 1980s, Japan, Israel, France, the United States and other developed countries to invest more human and material resources to carry magnesium hydroxide-depth study of various production methods, and have set up factories to obtain good economic and social benefits. In the late 1980s, China began to carry out a number of units have fire retardant magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide process research work, and use them to gradually replace the traditional flame retardants may be used, achieved the desired flame retardancy. To the late 20th century, particularly for electrical materials, fiber optic communication materials and other special purpose nanometer magnesium hydroxide successful development of new inorganic flame retardants is the exclusive chelating head. Magnesium hydroxide flame retardant properties superior to aluminum hydroxide, mainly reflected in the following aspects [11]: smoke suppression capabilities far superior to aluminum hydroxide. Magnesium hydroxide in terms of sources of raw materials, the preparation process, waste disposal, etc. are green flame retardants; than aluminum hydroxide have a wider range of applications. At the same time the decomposition of magnesium hydroxide to (1.37kJ / g) than the decomposition of aluminum hydroxide to (1.17kJ / g) is high, and 7% higher heat capacity, which helps to improve flame retardant efficiency; retardant magnesium hydroxide and other agents have a good composite capability, magnesium hydroxide inorganic flame retardants on the market will become the main force. But now it seems, lower prices, occupying the market has not yet reached the goal, one of the reasons is that the level of preparation of the development lag, such as magnesium hydroxide content on the mechanical properties of polymeric materials is strongly dependent on the hydrogen magnesium oxide morphology. Metal stearate
And now controls the morphology of prepared magnesium hydroxide crystals suitable technology is not yet mature. Since the use of different materials, production methods are more economical its main production methods are: bitter brine - lime neutralization, brine ammonia synthesis, France magnesite, dolomite multistage carbonation - Hydrolysis France. These methods are suitable for flame retardants can be prepared using fibrous magnesium hydroxide, convenient source of materials used, low price, the production process is relatively simple, performance is good, it can be recycled by-product, the production process is essentially non-polluting .

Detail mechanism of plasticizer

Plasticizer plasticizer molecular mechanism of action is inserted into the polymer molecule chains, weakened stress between the polymer chains, results in increased mobility of the polymer chains, reduces the crystallization of the polymer chains degrees, so that the plastic polymer is increased, which is a major factor against the plasticizing effect of stress between the polymer chains of the molecular chain of the polymer crystallinity, while they depend on the polymer chemistry and physical structure. Metallic stearate
When the plasticizer is added to the polymer, the plasticizer molecules with each other, to give a polymer plasticizing the interaction between molecules is important. Unless all these interactions (between plasticizers and plasticizer, plasticizer and between the polymers, polyethylene and polymer material and between) are the same size, it may not plasticizing effect and anti-plasticized effect. Van der Waals forces in the state of aggregation of matter exist between molecules and molecules of a weak gravity. Van der Waals dispersion forces, including the induction force and the orientation force. Van der Waals force range of only a few angstroms.
Dispersion force dispersion force is present in all polar or non-polar molecules, is due to a slight transient dipole dipole interaction is so near to the poles adjacent state resulting from a gravity. But only in the non-polar systems such as benzene, polyethylene or polystyrene, the dispersion force component of the more significant only account. plasticizer
When induction force with a fixed dipole molecules in a non-polar molecules adjacent to induce an induced dipole that, between the permanent dipole induced dipole and the gravitational force is called induction. Since π electron aromatic compounds can be highly polarized so the impact is particularly strong, such as low molecular weight esters and between polystyrene and polyvinyl acetate or benzene, mainly between the induction force.
When the polarity of the molecule orientation force close to each other, due to the inherent causes the orientation of the dipole intermolecular force is called an orientation force. PVC plasticizer such as esters or cellulose nitrate is a representative example of the interaction.
Bond containing-OH group or-NH-group of molecules, such as polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose, etc., between the molecules, and sometimes can form hydrogen bonds within the molecule. Bond is a relatively strong interaction key, they do not interfere plasticizer molecule inserted between the polymer molecules, if the hydrogen distribution along the polymer chain more dense corresponding plasticizer inserted against the stronger effect. Therefore, the plasticizer and the polymer molecules required to produce a similar effect of a strong. The other hand, as the temperature increases, the molecular attraction between the decrease of the hydrogen significantly weakened, which is due to thermal motion of molecules hinder orientation of the polymer molecules.

Flame retardants in the production of high-temperature renewable sponge resolve problems

Production of flame retardant renewable sponge, in order to benefit we usually die with steam heated to high temperatures, this will greatly reduce the flame retardant effect? In this case, the use of a liquid or solid good? Or there are other solutions? plastic processing aid
Low volatile liquid flame retardants, hydrolysis resistance and good thermal stability, suitable for polyurethane soft foam flame retardant. Solid flame retardant added to the liquid raw material easily precipitates, usually before foaming or foaming added. Solid flame retardant material viscosity will increase, reducing the activity of the product, adding inorganic flame retardant fillers on foam properties have some negative impact. The finer the more favorable retardant performance of the play, and mitigate the adverse effects of the physical properties of the foam. flame retardant
The solid fire retardant material viscosity increase, and the liquid flame retardant lower viscosity material, they can be used in combination, not only have a synergistic effect, and can adjust the viscosity of the reaction mass, to obtain a high flame-retardant product.

Flame retardant acrylic viscose textile product development and research

Determined by the market research firm retardant viscose / flame retardant acrylic textile product development and research, design and production of a typical blended yarn and different than the significance of organizational specifications retardant fabrics. Flame retardant fabric product set, functionality, comfort and price advantages in one, good market prospects. By the National Fire Equipment Quality Supervision and Inspection Center, in line with flame retardant fabric fire retardant B1 level GB/T17591-2006 combustion performance technical requirements. At the same time, by mixing different proportions of flame retardant fiber ratio, the type of tissue specification test data comparison fabrics that the fabric flame retardant viscose mixing ratio of from 30% to 70%, and the corresponding mixing ratio of the flame-retardant acrylic fiber from 70% to 30% and weave specifications change, its flame retardancy basically similar, the series flame retardant performance and stability. organic pigments
With the advances in technology and modern life, people demand more urgent flame retardant textiles, according to statistics, about 50 percent of fire accidents are caused because not flame-retardant textiles expanded. But retardant textiles promotion and large number of applications but also by existing flame retardant textile, functionality, comfort and price cost constraints, this paper introduces the newly developed flame retardant viscose / flame retardant acrylic textile products in this the results achieved. flame retardant
Textile products from the market demand for flame retardant to see the development of technology and the progress of the textile industry, textile and increasing product variety, and its applications range from daily life such as industry, agriculture, transportation, military, aerospace, health, protection and many other fields; same time, because most of the non-flame-retardant textiles potential threat of fire caused further expanded. According to statistics, about 50% of the fires are caused because not flame-retardant textiles expanded, so flame retardant textiles attracted worldwide attention, countries have launched retardant textile technology research, formulate the appropriate fire-retardant textiles Performance test methods, standards and protection applications retardant products regulations, and their implementation.
With economic development and people's living standards improve, people demand more urgent flame retardant textiles, flame-retardant textiles promotion soon, now widely used in high-rise buildings, hotels, cinemas, hospitals, home decor, as well as aircraft, ships , train, automobile interiors and special personnel protection. Since the current fires continue to occur to the country and people's lives and property caused huge losses to reduce fires and reduce fire hazards, fire-retardant series of textile development is on the agenda. Meanwhile, China is also developing and implementing a mandatory use of flame-retardant textiles regulations, measures.

Inorganic flame retardants and flame retardant mechanism of surface treatment technology Introduction

Introduction With the continuous development of polymer materials science, a variety of polymer products, not only by industry, agriculture and defense sectors are widely used, but has penetrated into every aspect of people's lives. As most of the polymer material can be burned, emit a lot of heat when burned, while producing hydrogen chloride, hydrogen cyanide, styrene and other corrosive gases and toxic gases. Therefore, the flame retardant polymer articles of research has become increasingly important. Retardant polymer materials are generally divided into two types reactive and additive. PVC processing aid
Reactive flame retardant mainly in the polymerization and condensation process in the polymer main chain or a side chain into a group of flame retardant to achieve the purpose of fire. It has good stability, easy to disappear, toxicity, little effect on the polymer properties, etc., but the synthesis and processing complex. Flame retardant into inorganic and organic categories. High security inorganic flame retardants and flame retardants can be done both to make Tim materials, but also has low smoke, non-toxic, good thermal stability, non-corrosive gases, low price, etc.. The main varieties are: aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, red phosphorus, antimony oxide, molybdenum oxide, zirconium oxide, ammonium molybdate, zinc borate, in which aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, red phosphorus, antimony oxide, more extensive use of . Organic phosphorus-based flame retardant and halogen is divided into two series. Phosphorus flame retardant mainly acid esters, which are liquid at room temperature and more, heavy smoke, toxic. PVC heat stabilizer
Halogenated flame retardants include chlorine and bromine are two brominated flame retardants toxic and corrosive thermal decomposition is relatively small, the use of more common. In the field of fire, the development of efficient, low smoke, non-toxic, pollution-free flame retardants is that people long-term goal. Inorganic flame retardants such as some of the features it has to apply more widely. This paper describes the mechanism of inorganic flame retardant and surface treatment method.

Halogen-free flame retardants

Flame retardants are a class of plastics and other polymer materials can prevent or inhibit flame is ignited additives. The early 1950s, Hooker Chemical Company with a reactive monomer chlorine acid bacteria developed flame-retardant unsaturated polyester, this research work has opened up new avenues flame area, followed by a new phosphorus-containing reactive bromine and resistance Burning monomer emerging. 60 years have developed a variety of suitable thermoplastic filler-type flame retardant, most of bromine. organic pigments
In the early 1970s to the mid-1980s, production and application of these flame retardants flourish. Since 1986, carried out within the field of fire-retardant PBDE flame retardants controversy toxicity and environmental issues, and promote the new type of decaBDE alternatives (including intumescent flame retardant and halogen-free resistance flame retardants) in research and development. However, with the increasing demand for flame retardant and awareness of environmental protection, non-halogenated flame retardants, smoke suppression and attenuated flame retardants have become current and future frontiers of research topics. How to develop better performance, better, more environmentally friendly new flame retardant? Abroad in this field has been carried out extensive research work. The 21st century will certainly be new flame retardant halogen-free, efficient, low smoke, low toxicity, multifunctional composite flame retardant.
Currently, the most representative of the halogen-free flame retardant inorganic metal compounds are aluminum hydroxide (ATH) and magnesium hydroxide (MDH). ATH flame retardant, smoke, filling three features, coupled with its non-volatile, non-toxic, but also with a variety of substances produced synergistic effect, so its usage has maintained a high growth rate, and its flame retardant The total volume has been maintained at 40% of the ratio. However, ATH is usually necessary to add more than 50% in order to show good flame-retardant effect. Metal soap
To overcome this drawback, on the one hand can be improved granulation technology, the ultrafine direction, the narrower the particle size distribution; other hand, the surface of its particles, the use of a silane coupling agent, a wax, titanate esters, stearic acid salts and organic silicon to enhance its mechanical strength, in addition also be used to improve coating techniques and methods with the macromolecules bonding methods to improve its performance. ATH flame retardant mechanism is: (1) adding to the polymer ATH, reducing the concentration of combustible polymer; (2) beginning at about 250 ℃ dehydration, heat, the temperature rise suppression polymer; (3) decomposition of the dilution of the water vapor concentration of combustible gas and oxygen, to prevent combustion; (4) formed on the surface of flammable materials Al2O3, prevent burning. MDH is the rapid development of an additive inorganic metal flame retardant, low smoke, non-toxic, can neutralize the acidity of the combustion process and corrosive gases. ATH flame retardant mechanism and its similarity.

Heat-resistant resin, a flame retardant chemical modification Introduction

Modified epoxy resins to improve the heat resistance of the heat-resistant properties, it is necessary to reduce the molecular structure of the resin matrix of the polar groups of the resin matrix and water interactions, thereby reducing the water absorption of the resin matrix; while optimizing composite The molding process to reduce the composite material produced in the molding process microporous, micro-cracks, free volume, also can improve the heat-resistant properties. Increasing the degree of crosslinking, such as the introduction of heat into imino group, an isocyanate group, ah oxazolidone, as well as the formation of interpenetrating polymer network is to improve the heat resistance of the most important means. Aniline containing ether amine-terminated curing agent for the modified epoxy resin, the composite material obtained in an air atmosphere, the initial decomposition temperature is high, heat resistance performance. Metallic stearate
Flame retardant epoxy resin modified poor, to improve its flame retardancy, generally in epoxy resin introduction of halogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, boron and silicon flame elements. The method may be used to introduce flame retardant curing agent, such as halogen, phosphorus, boron and silicon to cure the epoxy resin curing agent, it can be structurally modified epoxy resin, flame-retardant epoxy resin introduced into the molecular element. Brominated epoxy novolac type epoxy resin can be used as packaging material as a flame retardant. Since a large electronegativity fluorine atom, a bond with the carbon atoms is high, a large repulsion between fluorine atoms, the polymer is hard to rotate within the key, so the fluorine-containing epoxy resin has excellent corrosion resistance, electrical insulation resistance, water repellency , stain resistance, for good wettability was sticky. 9,10 - dihydro-9 - oxa-1O-phosphaphenanthrene-1O-oxide (DOPO) as a new flame retardant modified monomer into practical applications has been, DOPO with bisphenol A type epoxy resin obtained by reacting phosphorus-containing epoxy resin, owing to its excellent flame retardant properties, environmentally friendly features and favorites. PVC flame retardant
Chemically modified by changing the structure of the epoxy resin, an epoxy resin molecule to introduce a number of chemical groups, to improve the performance of the epoxy resin, to broaden their scope of application. Such as the use of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with an epoxy group in the epoxy resin part of the reaction of epoxy groups in the molecule at the same time retain some carbon-carbon double bond introduced to make the modified epoxy resin has both the photosensitivity, and retention ring Some excellent features epoxy resin. Introduce in the molecule or a hydrophilic group, as the epoxy resin-modified epoxy resin, the epoxy resin modified with a water-dispersible.

Flame retardant mechanism finishing details

Combustion mechanism of the phenomenon of the fabric can be divided into a burning flame combustion and flameless combustion, the former is fibre pyrolysis gas is formed when volatile liquid or combustion, the latter is the residue (carbon) oxidation.
Its combustion products of the thermal cracking, thermal cracking process various different fibre.Metal soap
Retardant mechanism covering theory: flame retardants> 500 ℃ when there are isolated in fibre surface overlay effect, in addition to hinder O2 supply, but also to prevent the outward diffusion of combustible gas, so as to achieve flame purposes, such as borax - boric acid. Gas On: first flame in the combustion temperature, the decomposition of combustible gas, the concentration of flammable gas diluted to below the concentration to produce the flame; other under heat, flame retardants, can be used as a high reactivity Tour group transfer body, thereby preventing the radical reaction.impact modifier
Hot theory: First, flame retardants at high temperatures endothermic changes, such as melting and sublimation, thereby preventing the spread of combustion, the other is fibre rapid cooling, so that the fabric can not reach the combustion temperature. Mainly refers to changing the catalytic dehydration of the thermal cracking process fibre. As flame retardant cellulose molecule chain can occur before the break and a large number of rapid dehydration, and even some of the crosslinking, prevent the formation of L-glucose, to a combustion flame is suppressed.
Organophosphorus flame retardant compounds which may be due to the hydroxyl group in the cellulose molecule form an ester, to prevent the formation of L-glucose, and further dehydration of the cellulose to form an unsaturated double bond, and promote the formation of cross-linking between cellulose molecules, to increase The formation of carbon substance, blocking smoldering better. Only when finishing dosage increased to 10% in order to effectively prevent flaming combustion.

Progress in the synthesis of plastics flame retardants

Multi-flammable plastic and its products, in order to reduce fires, often to add some flame retardants in plastics to improve its anti-flammable. Compared with other additives, flame retardants in the development and application of late start, but its development is quite fast, some countries have been second only to the production of a flame retardant plasticizer it. Therefore, the study and flame retardant technology has become a very important issue.Plastic impact modifier
With modern high-tech science and technology applications, a veteran of the flame retardants have been far from meeting market demand for its performance, such as halogen-containing flame retardant materials when burned release a lot of hydrogen halide, thus forming a strong corrosive water of halogen acid and cause secondary pollution. Halogen-free flame retardants now growing louder and louder, halogen-containing flame retardants is difficult to get a larger development in the 21st century, while the bound water containing inorganic flame retardants, such as Al (OH) 3, Mg (OH) 2 and other bound miniaturization and nano to the direction of development, will be a single compound flame retardant synergistic flame retardant alternatives, in the 21st century will certainly be new flame retardant halogen-free, efficient, low smoke, low toxicity, multifunction composite flame retardant.Impact modifier for PVC
Flame temperatures coacervate phase is formed on the polymer surface, cut off the air, to prevent heat transfer and lower flammable gas emissions, to achieve the purpose of fire. Formation of condensed phase separation membrane in two ways: First, the temperature in the combustion flame retardants decomposed into non-volatile glassy material, coated on the polymer surface, this dense protective layer insulation film played a role, such as halogenated boron and phosphorus-based flame retardants with similar characteristics; second is to use a flame retardant polymer surface thermal degradation products to promote rapid dehydration carbide, carbide layer is formed, the use of elemental carbon evaporation does not produce a flame burning combustion and decomposition, to stop Burning protective effects, such as phosphorus-containing flame retardant effect on the oxygen-containing polymers.

World development direction of flame retardant for plastics

More and more widely used in plastics production and all areas of life, but at the same time, because of the flammability of plastic bow} also brought fire from human casualties and economic losses. Therefore, from the 1960s onwards, some developed countries began production and application of flame retardant plastic. The 1970s, consumption and foreign varieties of flame retardants rapid growth, annual growth rate of 6 to 8 percent. Currently, the consumption of flame retardants has leapt to second place plastic additives, plasticizers, second only to the great variety. U.S. Business Communications Company (BCC) expects annual growth rate of 5.2% in flame retardants.PVC stabilizer
Of blocking fuel science research started late, in 1985 the country only 40 kinds of varieties of flame retardants. Production of about 5,000 tons, the annual output of only a tenth of the U.S. gas flame, but by 1998, the domestic flame over 70,000 tons of annual output has reached 200. Annual demand of more than 90,000 tons.
Our chlorine-based flame retardants, 69% of the inorganic flame retardant system accounted for only about 17%, half of which is antimony dioxide, and aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide is less than 10%, accounting for halogen 80% of the entire flame retardants, and the current system of foreign inorganic flame retardants, accounting for 50% of a total of 60%, the main varieties are aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide.plastic processing aid
Our flame of a late start, though already achieved development, but compared with the advanced countries, in both yield and product structure there is a gap. At present, the domestic research and development of new port focused on inorganic flame retardants, red phosphorus microencapsulation, intumescent flame retardants and other fields, and achieved certain results. Halogen-free, efficient, low smoke, low toxicity of new flame retardants are today · retardant direction of development.

Rare plastic heat stabilizer is based on what

Lanthanide chemistry periodic table and two closely related elements of 17 kinds of elements, called rare elements, referred to as rare earth (RE or R). According to the electronic structure of rare earth elements and physical and chemical properties, as well as their health status and in mineral CCP different ionic radii of a different nature, 17 kinds of rare elements are usually divided into two groups.Metal stearate
Lanthanum, Cerium ion itself non-toxic, colorless. By selecting the appropriate non-toxic organic component can be made non-toxic, high transparency, high thermal efficiency and stability, weather resistance, excellent thermal stability. Rare earth atom has not filled electron shell structure, the resulting wide range of electronic energy levels. Rare earth ions to hydroxyl, an azo group or a sulfonic acid group to form conjugates. Rare trace elements with similar properties. Second reactive rare earth alkali metal and alkaline earth metal elements other than metal elements and active. Among the 17 rare earth elements, according to order of reactivity of the metal from scandium, yttrium, lanthanum incremented, decremented by the lanthanum to lutetium, lanthanum being the most reactive. Can form a stable rare earth oxides, halides, sulfides. Rare earth elements can be nitrogen, hydrogen, carbon, phosphorus react, soluble in hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid and nitric acid. Rare Easy and oxygen, sulfur, lead elements combine to form high melting point compounds.PVC plasticizer
Rare earth stabilizer is the main component elements lanthanum and cerium organic or inorganic salts. The main varieties are stearic acid salts and lead salts of rare earth and rare earth compound stabilizer. Rare Earth Heat Stabilizer has: Excellent thermal stability, and promote melting, processing performance, the unique coupling, compatibilization, internal plasticization, toughening effect, excellent transparency, the unique brightening features, excellent weathering properties and excellent electrical insulation properties; non-toxic, safety and health.
Rare multifunctional stabilizer stabilizer with traditional incomparable advantages in price performance is also better than the existing various stabilizers, is a new generation of green products. China's rare earth resources are very rich, production separation capacity also living in the world, therefore, in our country to promote the application of national characteristics of rare earth stabilizer has important economic and social benefits.

World development direction of flame retardant for plastics

More and more widely used in plastics production and all areas of life, but at the same time, because of the flammability of plastic bow} also brought fire from human casualties and economic losses. Therefore, from the 1960s onwards, some developed countries began production and application of flame retardant plastic. The 1970s, consumption and foreign varieties of flame retardants rapid growth, annual growth rate of 6 to 8 percent. Currently, the consumption of flame retardants has leapt to second place plastic additives, plasticizers, second only to the great variety.PVC plasticizer
Of blocking fuel science research started late, in 1985 the country only 40 kinds of varieties of flame retardants. Production of about 5,000 tons, the annual output of only a tenth of the U.S. gas flame, but by 1998, the domestic flame over 70,000 tons of annual output has reached 200. Annual demand of more than 90,000 tons.
Our chlorine-based flame retardants, 69% of the inorganic flame retardant system accounted for only about 17%, half of which is antimony dioxide, and aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide is less than 10%, accounting for halogen 80% of the entire flame retardants, and the current system of foreign inorganic flame retardants, accounting for 50% of a total of 60%, the main varieties are aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide.PVC impact modifier
Our flame of a late start, though already achieved development, but compared with the advanced countries, in both yield and product structure there is a gap. At present, the domestic research and development of new port focused on inorganic flame retardants, red phosphorus microencapsulation, intumescent flame retardants and other fields, and achieved certain results. Halogen-free, efficient, low smoke, low toxicity of new flame retardants in today's development direction.

The synthesis of plastics flame retardants

Multi-flammable plastic and its products, in order to reduce fires, often to add some flame retardants in plastics to improve its anti-flammable. Compared with other additives, flame retardants in the development and application of late start, but its development is quite fast, some countries have been second only to the production of a flame retardant plasticizer it. Therefore, the study and flame retardant technology has become a very important issue.PVC processing aid
With modern high-tech science and technology applications, a veteran of the flame retardants have been far from meeting market demand for its performance, such as halogen-containing flame retardant materials when burned release a lot of hydrogen halide, thus forming a strong corrosive water of halogen acid and cause secondary pollution [2]. Halogen-free flame retardants now growing louder and louder, halogen-containing flame retardants is difficult to get a larger development in the 21st century, while the bound water containing inorganic flame retardants, such as Al (OH) 3, Mg (OH) 2 and other bound miniaturization and nanotechnology to develop in the direction [3,4], a single flame retardants will be complex synergistic flame retardant alternatives, the 21st century will certainly be new flame retardant halogen-free, efficient, low smoke, low toxicity, multifunctional composite flame retardant.flame retardant
Flame retardant mechanism of several typical condensed phase flame retardant mechanism; flame retardant high temperature condensed phase in the polymer surface, cut off from the air, preventing heat transfer and reduce flammable gas emissions, so as to achieve the purpose flame retardant . Formation of condensed phase separation membrane in two ways: First, the temperature in the combustion flame retardants decomposed into non-volatile glassy material, coated on the polymer surface, this dense protective layer insulation film played a role, such as halogenated boron and phosphorus-based flame retardants with similar characteristics; second is to use a flame retardant polymer surface thermal degradation products to promote rapid dehydration carbide, carbide layer is formed, the use of elemental carbon evaporation does not produce a flame burning combustion and decomposition, to stop Burning protective effects, such as phosphorus-containing flame retardant effect on the oxygen-containing polymers.

Retardant antistatic thermoplastic technology research progress

Due to low prices of plastic products, the quality of light and other advantages and excellent electrical insulation, resistance to chemical corrosion, rust and other special physical and chemical properties and performance has been greatly developed and widely used in various areas of the national economy In 1996 China's synthetic resins and plastics production reached 5450kt, compared with 1995 growth of 4.9% over the same period the world's total production of plastic 129400kt, the world of plastic than the 1995 total 121268kt increase of 6.7% [1]. thermoplastics production and consumption in Plastics account for a large proportion, about 85% of the total plastic, much higher than thermosets, and thermoplastic resins in general (PE, PP, PVC) accounted for about 80%., and most of the organic polymer materials, like plastics intense fire after burning, and the burning speed, accompanied by a large number of toxic gases; same time, because the plastic itself, excellent electrical insulating properties, it is easy to build up an electrostatic plastic, so great danger of fire.Plasticizer for PVC
To this end, developed countries have already on the plastic antistatic, flame retardant formulation of the appropriate regulations and standards our country in recent years, more and more emphasis on plastics antistatic, flame retardant issues, has developed a number of anti-static, flame retardant country and industry standards on household appliances, aerospace, automotive, mining and other industries are also used in plastic parts made antistatic, flame-retardant requirements. Currently, a variety of plastic products, flame retardant, anti-static and other aspects of the rapid development , flame-retardant antistatic plastic technology has been studied in depth.one pack stabilizer
The author discusses the domestic thermoplastic flame retardant, anti-static technology, and flame retardant, antistatic mechanism of progress, also discussed retardant antistatic plastic composite modification techniques.

The process of burning plastic and flame retardant mechanism

Formation of volatile decomposition retardant protective film combustion flame temperature of the plastic decomposition, formation of volatile decomposition products of the protective film covering the surface, thus preventing the combustion air is cut off. Flame retardant decomposition products off of the active radical chain reaction of free radical chain reaction can continue flame, a flame retardant decomposition products off of the active radical chain reaction, thereby effectively preventing the flame.plasticizer
Dispersing the heat of combustion and dilution of the flammable substance is one of the ways to achieve flame heat is the burning of a large absorption, reducing the temperature of the plastic, thereby slowing the decomposition of evaporation and combustion. On the other hand, the plastic flame retardant system in the decomposition of non-combustible gases, thereby diluting the combustible gas, to achieve the purpose of fire.
Heavier gases or high-boiling liquid oxygen barrier effect of the water coming out of the reaction absorbs a lot of heat, reducing the surface temperature of combustible and vaporized into steam, combustible surface in a layer of protective film, in order to achieve flame .Plastic impact modifier
The process of burning plastic; plastic combustion process can be considered: in the air due to external heat or fire the plastic is heated, which eventually led to the degradation of volatile products produced, flammable product product with heat in the external heat source continued under the action of the plastic reaches a certain temperature will burn up. Part of the heat released by burning the plastic by conduction, radiation and convection channels, and are degradable plastic is absorbed more volatile flammable products; other hand, the combustion process, severe disturbance of the air around the flame, to increase the volatile flammable mixture with air speed, the combustion is more intense.
Flame retardant is a mechanism to prevent combustion, reduce or increase the burning rate of a substance of ignition. Flame retardant mechanism of action is as follows: flame retardant decomposition products of dehydration of the carbonized organic substances, can prevent combustion of the combustion decomposition of burning plastics, and are usually produced elemental carbon without combustion and decomposition of the evaporation of the flame burning. Therefore, if the thermal decomposition of the material can quickly and do not stay in the combustible material and has been decomposed into carbon phase until combustion can be prevented.

PBT and PET flame retardant engineering plastics Selection and Application

Flame retardant PBT and PET (linear polyesters) PBT and PET are two important engineering plastics are widely used in electronics, instrumentation and automotive industry, it is used in flame retardant products require a higher part. Their fire-retardant treatment is as follows:Metal stearate
Add brominated flame retardants commonly used decaBDE, brominated polystyrene (BPS), brominated epoxy resin (BER), double (tribromophenoxy) ethane. For example in terms of: adding 10% -15% of bromine flame retardants, 3% -5% of antimony trioxide can PBT with 30% glass fiber reaches UL94 V-0 level, oxygen index of 27% - 29%. Using a flame retardant must be noted that in the dispersion of PBT and PET, easy exudative, and a polyester gloss, mechanical strength.
Phosphate added bromine; common is tris (dibromophenyl) phosphate (TDBPPE), as contained in the same molecule Br, P element, it has a synergistic effect of a halogen-phosphorus. In retardant PBT and PET and very efficient. Here we should note that in the fire-retardant treatment often Tim; trioxide to synergistic, if we make the oxygen index test, then the limiting oxygen index will increase, but in the oxygen-rich test environment, Sb and P seems there will be a confrontational role. Thus, UL94 vertical burning flame to evaluate the performance of the system is the most appropriate.PVC plasticizer
PET flame retardant fibers and fabrics used. There are usually two ways: one is to use six HBCD flame of PET fabric for post-processing. This fabric can be used for curtains, curtain, bags and other indoor decorative wall covering with a cloth. As the finishing approach, flame retardants and easy exudation, flame retardant fabric texture and durability will be less certain. The second is a copolymer modified flame These reactive bromine-containing flame retardant monomers are mainly aromatic compounds, aryl phosphine oxide-containing compounds containing brominated aromatic phosphine oxide compounds. Because it is fire retardant elements become part of the Centre oligomer molecules, and therefore have a flame-retardant effect lasting, feel good, light, etc., is today the country PET flame retardant fibers and fabrics major way.

Additive effect pigments and Performance Overview Introduction

The amount of additive is generally between 0.1 to 2.0%, by adding the pigment used to improve various properties of the pigment, such as to adjust the viscosity, anti-settling crust, accelerate the drying, anti-dehydration, defoaming defoaming improve thixotropy, Anti blurs, eliminating caking, antibacterial and antifungal, improved flow and leveling, adjusting gloss, improved stability, improved brush, improve hiding power and so on.
Thixotropy; thixotropic coating with agitation and the next still carried in gel - liquid - gel nature of the process. Coating at rest is usually solid or gel form, but becomes agitated good mobility of the material, this situation does not drip through the coating to the show. Gelatinous coating formed on the brush, the brush will not flow or drip down, brushing becomes liquid when can a good flat brush, brush formed on the surface after construction gel, to prevent sagging or falling blocks.PVC plasticizer
Increased sediment and expansive agent material, you can change the pigment in the binder dissolution characteristics, giving the viscous flow properties, such as bentonite, specialty of Que-like compounds, amines soap.
Of the gel and into the liver; for said coating, painting or enamel solids formed after aging capacity, in fact, is the dispersion of solids in a liquid case, although the nature of a solid, but still maintain a substantial amount of liquid. The reason why the phenomenon of gel or liver, and the base material because the reaction of the pigment, such as basic pigments (zinc oxide, white lead and red lead) in an acidic binder grinding. Oxidized rubber paint cans hidden in the formation of colloidal sometimes, you can add a small amount of chlorine propylene oxide additives to prevent this situation from occurring.PVC impact modifier

Water-based and solvent-based inks required for preparation of nano-pigments

Inkjet printing can be classified in several ways, by application into the SOHO (small office, home office) and printing (WF); press technology is divided into thermal and piezoelectric. Also by printing mode is divided into continuous or select inkjet (DOD-Drop On Demand). Ink manufacturers are usually put into use inkjet aqueous and solvent resistance.Metal soap
In recent years, pigment-based ink jet technology acclaimed, primarily due to pigments and dyes generally performed better compared to water and light fastness. The current inkjet market, ink manufacturers and producers are increasingly demanding filling ink pigment pastes, including preparation, including a simple solution. Just added to the formulation of several of these additives and the "magic ingredient" ink jet printing can be made to meet the stringent requirements of high-performance ink jet printing. The following will explore both aqueous and solvent inks require fine pigment preparation.
Aqueous inkjet ink; Figure 1 describes a similar process for preparing an aqueous pigment, the first step is the right choice pigments. Inkjet printing usually requires black, red, blue, yellow four color combinations, so you must choose one kind of match with the desired color hue pigments. The water, dispersing agent and other additives such as pigment powder or wet cake was added after the mixing of the homogenized material and wet the pigment surface. Then the aggregates and agglomerates of the pigment particles are composed of a bead mill, a microfluidizer, or other suitable dispersing manner to that of primary particles.
Because the space between the molecules and the dispersion or electrostatic repulsion, native particles become very stable. The resulting pigment slurry was filtered, and by addition of water, a co-solvent (wetting agent), and other ingredients such as antimicrobial agents, chelating dilution. It must be emphasized, used in the first step of the pigment dispersed pigment channel technology influence.PVC impact modifier

Resolve all kinds of white pigment in paint

In the paint industry, the most important white pigment is titanium dioxide (TiO2). As a high refractive index titanium dioxide (rutile titanium dioxide n = 2.80, anatase titanium dioxide n = 2.55), light scattering ability is stronger than any other white pigment in colored paint with excellent hiding power, especially rutile dioxide. Compared with other coloring pigments, titanium dioxide white pigment in the pigment in the performance of all the best brightness. Due to these excellent optical properties, non-toxic and chemically inert, can replace all other titanium dioxide white pigment.PVC plasticizer
Size and size distribution; many are transparent TiO2 crystals appear, but the industry has TiO2 pigment ultrafine particles having a high opacity (hiding power). When the particle diameter is about 0.25μm, the titanium dioxide pigment maximum hiding power; TiO2 particle diameter larger than or smaller than 0.25μm, the hiding power will be reduced. The particle size of 0.25μm wavelength of 400nm light is ideal. Near the maximum value in hiding, changes in particle size as the pigment, the pigment color will change. Smaller particle size TiO2 appear blue, the larger particle size TiO2 appear yellow.PVC impact modifier
TiO2 particle size distribution of the presence of the coating influence the performance, a narrow particle size distribution of titanium dioxide per unit volume of the product color intensity hiding or wide particle size distribution than products better.
Surface treatment; surface treatment of titanium dioxide pigment in an amount of usually 0 to 20%, mainly inorganic surface treatment agent, such as Al2O3, SiO2, ZrO2 or mixtures thereof. In addition, some of the organic surface treatment agent may also be used to improve the titanium dioxide in the dispersion of different media, such as polyhydric alcohols, amines and silane coupling agent, the pigment production process can be used as grinding aids. The surface treatment agent added amount of the pigment type and properties of great increase in the amount with the treating agent, pigment particle size, oil absorption and surface area will increase;

Special luster pigment in the packaging and printing application

For many users, printing, special gloss paint is a relatively unfamiliar generous concept, but if you talk about pearlescent pigments and pearlescent effect, printing industry could much more familiar, such as Merck series. Traditional "pearlescent pigments" is, semantically very limited, easy to mistakenly believe that the effect of such pigments are like pearls: white, translucent, shiny pastel. In actual fact, even if the series also has a variety of changes, such as the S-Class (10 ~ 100μm) of the pigment particles is relatively thick, soft texture and luster of pearls is completely different. Such as 300 and 500 of the cases of iron oxide pigments, the performance of the pearl has no metallic luster.Metallic stearate
Therefore, this type of layered structure to refraction / interference principle to the performance of products with a gloss "special luster pigments" to describe more accurately or more representative.PVC processing aid
Currently in the field of domestic packaging, special luster pigment used more and more common, not only in the unique gloss effect, but also because easy to use, flexible and more economic environment. For most high-end consumer goods packaging, such as cigarettes, alcohol, sweets and cosmetics, using this decorative way more reasonable. The following is the author of the special luster pigment in the packaging and printing test new processes, for reference.
Sheet-fed gravure printing process; customarily multiple users use the method of intaglio printing, and the reason is that the pigment particle size is relatively large, and require large ink transfer method to be able to put a certain amount of pigment transferred to the packaging material, the printing to achieve the desired gloss. However, co-production of the paper, the traditional gravure high cost of its two main reasons: First, the high cost of the plate cylinder production; Second, large rolls for the paper waste. On the other hand packaging customers and increasing cost pressures, and the packaging styles change rapidly, the short version of the job more and more. Such printing companies will have to use alternative methods, such as sheetfed gravure is an effective solution.

Pearlescent pigments application problems

Pearlescent pigments have been in the packaging, printing, publishing industry, gaining a wide range of applications, from cosmetics, cigarette, alcohol, gift packaging, to business cards, greeting cards, calendars, books covers, to pictorial printing, textile printing, pearl pigment presence everywhere. The rapid development of pearlescent pigments have been in the packaging, printing, publishing industry and the increasingly wide applications, from cosmetics, cigarette, alcohol, gift packaging, to business cards, greeting cards, calendars, books covers, to pictorial printing, textiles printing, pearlescent pigment shadow everywhere. Especially pearl film for food packaging, and its increasing market demand, such as ice cream, soft drinks, cookies, candy, napkins packaging and other fields, the use of pearl film after pleasing to consumers feeling.
Pearlescent pigments promotion Difficult; despite various fields demand for pearlescent pigments are very large, but in marketing, pearlescent pigments but still encounter some resistance. First, currently on the market several types of pearlescent pigments (titanium dioxide coated mica pearlescent pigment) production process is very complex, process requires high precision and equipment, making high manufacturing costs, limiting the wide application of these pigments. If a lot of paint and ink factory paint manufacturers have been very interested in for this, but in practice their applications are discouraged because of the exorbitant prices. Therefore, to reduce production costs and achieve large-scale production is a crucial step to expand the market.inganic pigments
Second, pearlescent pigment applied research is still in a very weak link, the current pearlescent pigment in paints, plastics, printing inks, leather, construction materials, cosmetics, paper, packaging materials, textile printing and dyeing application of technology research and development still in its infancy, since most people in this new decorative paint little is known about the characteristics, coupled with application technology lag, low level of technology, decorative effect is poor, limiting the application and promotion of pearlescent pigments. This can be used for many types of pigments that are decorated to enhance value-added products, losing an excellent competitive opportunities. But for the pursuit of pearlescent pigments, it has not stopped, because people clearly understand a truth: an application of technological breakthroughs tend to promote an industry upgrading of products, will give an industry incalculable economic benefits.plastic flame retardant
Third, the pearlescent pigment production process may seem simple, but the actual production technology complex, involving many disciplines. So the technology world are strictly confidential and blockade, in order to keep business secrets, since many companies never released results of its annual sales.